• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant effect of Cynomorium songaricum. The extract of Cynomorii Herba was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, HepG2 cell viability and $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity by a modified MTT assay. DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured after 30 minutes. The extract was tested by 1. 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. HepG2 cell viability by a modified MTT assay was measured in the concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 ug/ml for 24 h. The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical up to 52.2% with 50 ug/ml concentration. The extract did not reduced the cell viability and $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity (69.4%) was blocked by the extract in the concentrations of 50, 100, 250 and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. In conclusion, the extract of Cynomorii Herba has potent antioxidant activity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant effects of the extract of Rubi Fructus on TM4 Sertoli cells. Methods : The extract was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell viability assays on Sertoli cells. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on Sertoli cells were examined by MTT assay. The antioxidant enzyme of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, catalase protein expression on Sertoli cells were also measured. Results : The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical dose-dependent manner. The extract showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/ml$. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Sertoli cells was protected to 88.3% by the extract at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD protein expression were significantly increased on Sertoli cells, but catalase protein expression was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Rubi Fructus has antioxidant effects on Sertoli cells and protect male reproductive system against oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.620-624
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• 1997

The conditions for color intensity and electron donating ability to $\alpha$,$\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) of Bacillus subtilis DC-2 were investigated. Temperature, pH and cultivation time were chosen as three factors, and the optimal conditions of color intensity and DPPH was determined with response surface methodology. Color intensity was affected by cultivation temperature(p<0.1). DPPH was influenced by cultivation temperature(p<0.05) and pH(p<0.1). But cultivation time was affected neither color in- tensity nor DPPH. Optimal conditions of color intensity with Bacillus subtilis DC-2 were appeared at cultivation temperature of 39.$25^{\circ}C$, pH 8.83 and cultivation time of 84.41hrs. Optimal conditions of DPPH with Bacillus subtilis DC-2 were revealed at cultivation temperature of 39.19$^{\circ}C$, pH 8.84 and cultivation time of 82.21hrs.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging in macrophages. Methods: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (300 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water (2 L) for 4 hours. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 mL by using a rotary evaporator, was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, and was then freeze-dried by using a freezing-drying system. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subcultured by using $10-{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, we performed 3-(4,5-dimrthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and measured the cell viability. The NO production was measured by using Griess assays, and the $PGE_2$ production was measured by using enzyme immunoassays. The antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capability, was measured by using the DPPH method. Results: Cell viability with the 1-, 5-, 25-, 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract was not significantly decreased compared to the cell viability without the extract. When 125 and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. When 25, 125, and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. The 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extracts had high DPPH free-radical scavenging capabilities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: This study indicates that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract suppresses NO and $PGE_2$ production and improves DPPH free-radical scavenging capability. Thus, it seems that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.2557-2560
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• 2010

To assay for antioxidant capacity of natural products considered important in producing human health benefits, a practical and economical method using pellet techniques was developed. A standard visualizing reagent, 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), was mixed with a water-miscible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), serving as a solid phase support for the DPPH reagent. A DPPH pellet was prepared by dropping a small volume of the DPPH solution onto PET film, and drying in an oven. The PVA-based DPPH pellet was dissolved into water, in which the water-miscible PVA plays as a non-ionic surfactant to help the DPPH reagent to be dissolved into the solvent. Using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant capacity of water-soluble extracts of black soybean, barley, green tea, and green gram was examined. Among the natural products tested, green tea showed the highest antioxidant capacity. This PVA-based DPPH antioxidant assay can be further applied in the natural food, raw plant material, and health product inspection field.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the antioxidant effects on male mouse reproductive cells of the extract of Platycladi Semen. Methods : The extract was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, cell viability by a modified MTT assay, the effects on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity by MTT assay, lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and super oxide dismutase (SOD), respectively. Results : The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 74.87%. The cell viability of the extract was within 72~96% on Leydig cells and GC-2 cells at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 ug/ml. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Leydig cells was protected to 72.09% by the extract at concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. The hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation of MDA formation was decreased to 1.80 and 1.65 nmoles/mg protein by the extract at concentrations of 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. The extract at all concentrations, SOD activity was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Platycladi Semen has antioxidant effects on Leydig cells and protect male reproductive system against oxidative stress.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1541-1545
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the antioxidant activity in the germ cells of the extract of Corm fructus. The extract was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, GC-1 cell viability by a modified MTT assay, the effects on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity by MTT assay and lipid perixidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, respectively. The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being $200{\mu}g/mL$. The extract at concentrations of $10-500{\mu}g/ml$ showed dose-dependent in growth of GC-1 cell. $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity (63.0%) was blocked by the extract (10, 50, 100, 250 and $500{\mu}g/ml$) concentration-dependently. Furthermore, the extract (50, 100 and $250{\mu}g/ml$) also displayed a dose-dependent reduction of MDA formation on $H_2O_2$-induced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the extract of Corm fructus has potent antioxidant activity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.387-392
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trasdermal delivery of the curcumin gel on healing of the rats' dorsum wounds. Carbopol 934 and propylene glycol were used to prepare gels containing 1% curcumin. Curcumin gel was evaluated for various properties such as antioxidant, cell viability, anti-inflammatory, in vivo wound healing. The free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) was 50% at 12.5 ppm concentration. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by curcumin gel. In the curcumin gel-treated group, the re-epithelialization in wounds was significantly increased compared to the control group throughout the experimental period. These results suggested that curcumin may be helpful for the promotion of wound healing.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to confirm the content of total polyphenol, antioxidative and immune activities of the extracts of Cedrela sinensis leaf. The content of total polyphenol of water extracts ranged from 46.5-59.6 mg/100 g, which was higher than other extracts using organic solvents such as EtOAc, $CH_2Cl_2$ and $C_6H_{14}$. The antioxidant activity of the water and organic solvents extracts showed 6-33% in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. To analyze the immuno-stimulation activity of C. sinensis leaf extract, we investigated the effect of the extracts on NO synthesis which is important in host defense against bacterial infection. Hot water extracts significantly increased NO generation by RAW 264.7, macrophage cell line, while organic solvent extract has no significant effect on NO production. To further analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts, we investigated the effects of the extracts on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced NO generation. Organic solvent extracts of C. sinensis leaves showed strong inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that C. sinensis leaf extract may represent a useful immune stimulating agent and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Natural anti-oxidative compounds have important disease prevention and food preservation properties, in addition to anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and skin whitening effects. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an ultra vilolet (UV) detector coupled to a reverse phase C18 column and an online measurement system for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, was used to search for potent antioxidative compounds in crude extracts. The online HPLC-DPPH assay was then applied to confirm antioxidative compounds in water extracts from Radix of Pueraria lobata, Rhizoma of Zingiber officinale, Fructus of Chaenomeles sinensis, Cortex of Ulmus pumila, and Radix of Astragalus membranaceus. To determine the yields of the extracts, the Brix% of each extract solution was measured using a refractometer. When the relative DPPH radical scavenging ability values of the water extracts were compared with those of a positive control (ascorbic acid), the water extracts of P. lobata, C. sinensis, and U. pumila were 7.77%, 4.71%, and 4.19%, respectively. The results suggest that this method provides a useful assay for rapid measurement of DPPH radical scavenging abilities and conformation of antioxidative compounds in natural products. Moreover, it can reduce the time spent on the separation of active compounds from natural materials, such as medicinal plants, in addition to the use of reagents for separation.