• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.481-496
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• 2012

REE, major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios of surface sediments around Jeju Island were analyzed for identifying the origin of the sediments. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) between 44.2 to 68.9 (av. 59.4) shows a similarity with the Huanghe sediment. The most sediments found within the study areas show a very similar chondrite-normalized REE pattern that has enriched LREE ($La_{(N)}/Sm_{(N)}$ >3) and small negative Eu anomaly, typically of average shales. The UCC-nornalized REE patterns of the southwestern offshore sediment samples show a very similar pattem with the Changjiang sediment with enriched in most REE and more convex REE pattern than those of the Huanghe and Keum rivers sediments, which indicates that the Changjiang River's suspended sediments have been transported into the western part of Jeju Island. The $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ isotopic ratios vs ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(0)$ values were thus used as a tracer to discriminate the provenance of sediments in the study area. Based on the discriminated diagram, it clearly showed that most sediments in the western and northwestern part were closely plotted with sediments of the Huanghe River. However, the sediments in the southwestern part near the Changjianf estuary were closely plotted with submerged delta sediments of the Changjiang River. In contrast, the sediment samples of the northeastern part showed discriminative figures from those of the Chinese rivers. It suggests that sediments around Jeju Island must be originated from diverse sources.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.182-193
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• 2012

The percentage of senior citizens is increasing in Korea and it is expected to become an "aging society". Problems with the elderly are becoming a big concern, such as physical and mental illness, losing their jobs and having difficulties at home. But, the silver generation, as they are being known, has changed a lot these days. With the aid of medical developments, the elderly's lifespan has become longer, making them more independent and active. Senior Welfare Center's are places where the elderly can spend their golden years in comfort, meaningfully. Senior Welfare Center's these days provide many different programs, which naturally lead to an increase in elderly users. With the rise in welfare centers and users, research on the subject also grew. As this topic has only recently become an issue, there were not many spatial structure studies considering elderly movement. Therefore, there should be spatial structure research that considers older users space awareness and how it can be managed effectively. The goal of this study is to present basic resources for providing a comfortable senior welfare center for elders. This will be based on quantitative analysis derived from spatial structure research along with special construction characteristics based on the institution's general plan. As a research method, Senior Welfare Center's will be categorized into corridor type, hall type, and hybrid types which then be reproduced into a j-graph. Based on this, special structure characteristics and connection links will be comprehended. Then the connection link will be analyzed based on the space syntax result calculated from each type's integration, connectivity, control value, and intelligibility. The analysis result shows that Senior Welfare Center j-graph's average arrangement is hybrid>corridor>hall types. Those elders lacking awareness need easily perceivable spatial structure's and hall type's would be the best choice to increase their awareness as it has high articulation. However, hall type's would be difficult to construct with the size increase, so hybrid type would be the next logical solution. Space with relatively high articulation will need to be planned in hybrid type's where rest areas can be created within the halls in the Welfare Center in connection to its corridors.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.323-331
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• 2008

Flexibility and fracture properties determine the performance of NiTi rotary instruments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how geometrical differences between three NiTi instruments affect the deformation and stress distributions under bending and torsional conditions using finite element analysis. Three NiTi files (ProFile .06 / #30, F3 of ProTaper and ProTaper Universal) were scanned using a Micro-CT. The obtained structural geometries were meshed with linear, eight-noded hexahedral elements. The mechanical behavior (deformation and von Mises equivalent stress) of the three endodontic instruments were analyzed under four bending and rotational conditions using ABAQUS finite element analysis software. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of the NiTi was taken into account. The U-shaped cross sectional geometry of ProFile showed the highest flexibility of the three file models. The ProTaper, which has a convex triangular cross-section, was the most stiff file model. For the same deflection, the ProTaper required more force to reach the same deflection as the other models, and needed more torque than other models for the same amount of rotation. The highest von Mises stress value was found at the groove area in the cross-section of the ProTaper Universal. Under torsion, all files showed highest stresses at their groove area. The ProFile showed highest von Mises stress value under the same torsional moment while the ProTaper Universal showed the highest value under same rotational angle.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1999

In this stuyd, the effect of the dominant follicle aspiration for the superovulatory response in HanWoo was investigated. The criterion for the presence or absence of a dominant follicle based on their morphological examination. The dominant follicle was aspirated 48hr before the onset of superovulation treatment by 6.5MHz convex probe connected with a carrier and superovulation induced by FSH (Super-Ov Tyrer, Texas, U.S.A) adminstered twic a day s.c. over 4 day in a decreasing regimen. From 13 HanWoo scanned daily to determine the presence and growth of the dominant follicle, its an average diameter of 15.4mm was measured and an average diameter of corpora lutea was 18.7mm on day of follicular aspiration. In the experiment, a follicular remove by ultrasound-guided aspiration, the ovarian response was significantly enhanced when animals were superovulated in the aspiation of a dominant follicle compare with animals superovulated non-aspiration of a dominat follicle. In the aspiration of a dominant follicle donors yieleded more corpora lutea(14.4$\pm$4.7 vs 8.6$\pm$3.4) and transferable embryos(8.9$\pm$4.2 vs 5.4$\pm$2.7) than control. In cows in which the dominant follicle had been aspirated under sonographical control 2 days before superovuation, the number of corpus lutea and transferable embryos were significantly enhanced compared with animals superovulated in the presence of a dominant follicle (14.4$\pm$4.7 vs 6.9$\pm$2.7, ; 8.9$\pm$4.2 vs 3.3$\pm$1.6). After 7 days of artificial insemination, the embryos at 7 days were cllected by uterine flushing after dominant follicle insemination, the embryos at 7 days were collected by uterine flushing after dominant follicle aspiration and superovulation treatment, and evaluated their quality by morphological criteria. Sixteen embryos with excellent and good grade were transferred into 8 recipient cows. Six pregnancies were identified at 60 and 120 days of gestation by rectal palpations. In conclusion, the present study showed that 1) the presence or absence of a dominant follicle signficicnatly affects superovulatory responses, and 2) ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration of the dominant follicle and superovuation treatment provides an accurate and procedure to increase ovarian responses in HanWoo.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2020

A new cultivar, 'Bambithyang', was bred from monokaryotic strains of Sanbaekhyang and SANJO 707ho using the mono-mono hybridization method. Its incubation period was determined to be 100 days and its optimum temperature for fruit body flushing, 11-20℃. The mushrooms had a convex cap (diameter, 69.6 mm; thickness, 15.2 mm) and stipes in their center. The color of their upper sides was chestnut brown; their gills were arranged in a ripple style and had medium density. Their scales were cream-colored and fully distributed; the stipes were cream-colored and cylindrical (thick upper part). They also had cream colored fluffs and sporadic fruiting bodies. Zone lines were present when they were cultivated with mother and father varieties. Their stipe lengths and caps were 9% shorter and 16.9% thicker, respectively, than those of Sanbaekhyang.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.727-736
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• 2017

In this study, the method of evaluation of moisturizing ability of cosmetics using specimens was studied as an alternative method of clinical tests. Cosmetic spreadability, surface drying, and moisture loss rate of four specimens (Japanese cake (Maru mochi), Garaetteok, wheat flour, and agar) were evaluated. Also, the water loss rate of the specimens and the transepidermal waterloss were analyzed for 10 kinds of lip make-up products (5 kinds of lipstick, 3 kinds of lip balm, 2 kinds of lip gloss). The moisture loss rate (moisture evaporation sensitivity) of the agar specimen was highest in the order of agar> Garaetteok> Japanese cake> wheat flour. Agar specimens are the most suitable in terms of spreadability, surface crack, and raw material supply. Containers for the preparation of agar specimens are suitable for plastic materials with low heat transfer, which can produce convex, smooth surface specimens. In the evaluation of moisturizing ability of lip makeup products, there was a strong correlation between the water loss rate and the transepidermal waterloss rate measured with agar specimens. These results show that the proposed method can be used as one of the useful alternative test methods.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.479-490
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• 2001

In this paper, we consider the method of partitioning a sphere into faces with a set of spherical convex polygons $\Gamma$=$｛P_1...P_n｝$ for determining the maximum of minimum intersection. This problem is commonly related with five geometric problems that fin the densest hemisphere containing the maximum subset of $\Gamma$, a great circle separating $\Gamma$, a great circle bisecting $\Gamma$ and a great circle intersecting the minimum or maximum subset of $\Gamma$. In order to efficiently compute the minimum or maximum intersection of spherical polygons. we take the approach of edge-based partition, in which the ownerships of edges rather than faces are manipulated as the sphere is incrementally partitioned by each of the polygons. Finally, by gathering the unordered split edges with the maximum number of ownerships. we approximately obtain the centroids of the solution faces without constructing their boundaries. Our algorithm for finding the maximum intersection is analyzed to have an efficient time complexity O(nv) where n and v respectively, are the numbers of polygons and all vertices. Furthermore, it is practical from the view of implementation, since it computes numerical values. robustly and deals with all the degenerate cases, Using the similar approach, the boundary of a general intersection can be constructed in O(nv+LlogL) time, where : is the output-senstive number of solution edges.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze the landslide characteristics and forest environment factors on the landslide area of Jeonlabuk-do province in korea. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; The total number of landslide occurrence was 182 areas. The average area of landslide scar was $1,859m^2$, average length of the landslides was 139m, average width was 13m. The landslides were highly occurred in igneous rock and coniferous. And also, slope gradient was $21{\sim}30^{\circ}$, aspect was NE, altitude was 401~500m, vertical and cross slope was concave (凹),stream order was 1 order, soil depth was 15m below, landslide type was linear, forest type was artificial. The relationship between landslide area and environmental factors was a positive correlation with cross slope (convex), position (upper), altitude (501m), forest type (coniferous), parent rock (sedimentary rock), D.B.H. (over 17cm), but was negative correlation with slope gradient ($31{\sim}40^{\circ}$), parent rock (igneous rock), D.B.H. (6~16cm).

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop assessment model for the optimal site prediction of Dendropanax morbifera, Evergreen broad-leaved trees in warm temperate zone according to climate change. It was created criterion for assessment model of the optimal site prediction by quantification method to possible analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, through study relationship between growth of tree and site environmental factors. A program of the optimal site prediction was developed using program version 3.2, an Avenue and Dialog Designer tool of ESRI as GIS(geographic information system) engine. Developed program applied to test accuracy of the optimal site prediction in study area of Wando, Jeollanam-do, having a various evergreen broad-leaved trees of warm temperate zone. In the results from analysis of the optimal site prediction on Dendropanax morbifera, the characteristics of optimal site were analyzed site environmental features with 401~500m of altitude, $15^{\circ}$ of slope, hillside of local topography, alluvium of deposit type, convex of slope type and south of aspect. The mapping area per grade of the optimal site prediction in the Dendropanax morbifera showed 1,487.2ha(25.4%) of class I, 1,020.3ha(17.4%) of class II, 2,231.8ha(38.2%) of class III and 1,110.5ha(19.0%) of class IV.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.292-304
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• 2019

Limestone joint surfaces with smooth roughness were experimented by means of both the individual direct shear tests based on the KSRM standard test method and the multi-stage direct shear test to apply the stepwise vertical stresses. Changes in the roughness of the joint surfaces before and after the shear tests were examined and the difference between the two kinds of tests mentioned above was analyzed. In both tests, the shear resistance increased as the joint roughness increased and the maximum shear stress required for shearing the joint surface increased as the vertical stress increased. The peak friction angle obtained by the multi-stage direct shear tests was only 63% of that obtained by the individual direct shear tests. In the multi-stage direct shear test, the initial engagement of the concave-convex parts changes frequently during stepwise shearing process, which deforms the original roughness of a joint surface. Accordingly, the individual direct shear test is thought to be more effective when obtaining the friction angle of the rock joint surfaces. Limestone joint surfaces with smooth roughness of JRC value 4~8 were found to have peak friction angle of $47^{\circ}$, residual friction angle of $38^{\circ}$ and cohesion of 37 kPa.