• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2021

For the construction of a large underground space with a complex plant installed, it is necessary to analyze the stability considering the ground conditions and various load conditions. In this paper, finite element analysis was performed to analyze the support load that can be used in the design of a large underground space for high-density arrangement of complex plant. An analysis of underground continuous wall (D-wall) was performed considering the load and horizontal earth pressure in the large underground space. In addition, foundation ground analysis was carried out according to the load condition of the complex plant. In order to shorten the construction period, increase the space layout utilization, and secure the stability of the plant structure when installing the complex plant underground, the pipe rack module structure analysis was conducted. This study proposes a design and construction method for the optimal arrangement of underground complex plants using the analysis results.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.213-218
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the concept of Korean traditional characteristics has been reflected in modem residential complex. The specific objective of this study is to identify the features of space planning in the exterior design of modem residential complex. This study is based on the content analysis in the site-plans of the selected case and adopteded in quantitative analysis for spatial characteristic using the space syntax modeling methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

The three neighbors of Korean peninsula, Japan, China, Russia are leading countries of the world as national power and economic power. They are also leading the field of science, particularly top class in the space development. In comparison, our country, Korea, has been going on develop new launch vehicle and building new launch complex in accordance with national space program. In this paper, examining the technical trends of launch complex of Russia and China which based on Russian rocket technologies and it will make a reference for KSLV-II and future space program through this information.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.979-995
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• 2009

As warped product manifolds provide an excellent setting to model space time near black holes or bodies with large gravitational field, the study of these manifolds assumes significance in general. B. Y. Chen [4] initiated the study of CR-warped product submanifolds in a Kaehler manifold. He obtained a characterization for a CR-submanifold to be locally a CR-warped product and an estimate for the squared norm of the second fundamental form of CR-warped products in a complex space form (cf [6]). In the present paper, we have obtained a necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the canonical structures P and F on a CR-submanifold of a nearly Kaehler manifold under which the submanifold reduces to a locally CR-warped product submanifold. Moreover, an estimate for the second fundamental form of the submanifold in a generalized complex space is obtained and thus extend the results of Chen to a more general setting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.176-179
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• 2004

Space is comprised by the movements of human beings, and draws a complex locus within it. That form seems to be complex of movement around in all directions of space axis, and be ever-changing process as time goes by. Although Human are able to move uninhibitedly, the movements are restricted to a narrow sphere during locomotion. However, the pattern of these movements delineates a certain frame within the space, and provides not only visual effects but also relevance tomovement itself. Also, critically dividing and organizing this sphere is what is realized into this tangible indoor space. This study recognized importance of human being as a core of making indoor space and brought out experimental approach on relationship human with space, and visually perceptual standpoint. And this presented the recent possibility of action and attitude though sight and walking by arranging space on the basis of modern artists' perception of human body.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.762-768
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• 2015

This study examined the integration value of a low level pilotis space, a component that has been often selected as an essential planning element of the recent high-rise apartment complex, and compared the main outdoor unit spaces with that of an average integration value of the individual complexes. Furthermore, this study provided the preliminary data for the next level of research, which is the observation of the pilotis space usage behaviors and the frequency of utilization. The results of this present research are as follows. First, from the main outdoor unit spaces of the high-rise apartment complexes including the pilotis space, a 'complex entrance' or a 'plaza' space showed the highest integration value. Second, the spatial integration value of a pilotis space in a high-rise apartment complex was generally lower that of the integration value of other main outdoor units. Third, from the pilotis spaces of the high-rise apartment complex, those with a 'projecting entry access + pilotis addition type' that did not provide an access to the individual units, had the lowest space utilization rate by the inhabitants; thus, had a high likelihood of the spaces becoming used for illegitimate activities or becoming vacant.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.665-678
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• 1997

In this paper we prove that if the minimum of the sectional curvatures of a compact n-dimensional minimal generic submanifold M of a complex projective space is 1/n, then M is the geodesic minimal hypersphere.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.701-714
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• 2010

In this paper, we study the geometry of real half lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite Kaehler manifold. The main result is a characterization theorem for screen conformal real half lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite complex space form.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.317-336
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• 1998

We study real hypersurfaces of a complex space form such that the Jacobi operator with respect to the structure vector field and the structure tensor $\phi$ on the real hypersurface commute.