• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.411-424
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper, using the idea of intuitionistic fuzzy set due to Atanassov [2], we define the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces (see, [1]) due to Kramosil and Michalek [17] and Jungck's common fixed point theorem ([11]) is generalized to intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. Further, we first formulate the definition of weakly commuting and R-weakly commuting mappings in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces and prove the intuitionistic fuzzy version of Pant's theorem ([21]).

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1601-1606
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• 2004

Nowadays, the bus system of a metropolitan area is improving very fast. According to the bus, commuter railways increase their competitive power. For this, trains get the mobility increasing, effective transferring system and unified information service. For the mobility increasing, commuting railway must be faster by flexible train diagram and facilities improvement. And finally, optimal commuter train, 'Liner' is needful. And for effective transferring system, it is necessary that railway station and transferring center of a city be merged. And it is needful that direct management bus by railway company and unification fare system on metropolitan region. Next, for information service system improving, the commuting railway station must be regional transportation hub at first. And it is needful that unified line map of trunk line transportation systems and regionally collective transportation system information book. Therefore, metropolitan commuting railways compete with trunk line bus and cooperate with feeder line bus, and can make optimal metropolitan public transportation systems.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2009

Let R be a ring with unity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of R and G the group of all units of R. We will consider some group actions on X by G, the left (resp. right) regular action and the conjugate action. In this paper, by investigating these group actions we can have some results as follows: First, if E(R), the set of all nonzero nonunit idempotents of a unit-regular ring R, is commuting, then $o_{\ell}(x)\;=\;o_r(x)$, $o_c(x)\;=\;\{x\}$ for all $x\;{\in}\;X$ where $o_{\ell}(x)$ (resp. $o_r(x)$, $o_c(x)$) is the orbit of x under the left regular (resp. right regular, conjugate) action on X by G and R is abelian regular. Secondly, if R is a unit-regular ring with unity 1 such that G is a cyclic group and $2\;=\;1\;+\;1\;{\in}\;G$, then G is a finite group. Finally, if R is an abelian regular ring such that G is an abelian group, then R is a commutative ring.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.120-144
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• 2023

With the expansion of digital communication networks, a considerable number of randomization techniques have been invented and implemented to enhance the different data transmission algorithms' levels of security. Steganography is among the data transmissions techniques used to hide secret data. Nowadays, several randomization techniques have been used in steganography to elevate the security of transmitted data. Unfortunately, the majority of these techniques lack some simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility, in addition to other limitations. This research presents a new randomization technique called Rand-Stego. Rand-Stego could be applied/practiced over any steganography technique. It provides simplicity and efficiency and elevates the security level. Examples of implementing the proposed technique on some steganography algorithms will be explored. The proposed and current techniques will be compared. The obtained results show Rand-Stego's superiority in terms of efficiency and flexibility when compared to the current techniques.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 1997

The impact of a central place on daily living over wide outlying territory has been one of traditional subjects in the field of urban geography. The flow of rural population toward the central city of Chinju characterizes the population movement in Western Kyungnam, where the spillover of urban population into outlying areas, an especially prominent phenomenon in American society, does not occur. The central city of Chinju is supposed to be the most favored settlement area in Western Kyungnam. More than two thousands of teachers. who live in Chinju, cross the city boundary each morning to do their jobs in Western Kyungnam. But only ninety teachers living outside Chinju commute to the workplace in the city. The teachers willingly spend hours commuting each day to enjoy better quality of life in the central city. In fact, the central city of Chinju functions as bedroom communities for many middle-class workers in Western Kyungnam. On the basis of teachers' commuting behavior, four levels of Chinju's urban spheres are identified in Western Kyungnam. As Table-6 and Figure-2 show, the first-order level of Chinju's sphere includes most Myuns of Sanchung/Hadong Guns and some Myuns of Sachun/Gosung Guns. The second-order level comprises Sanchung/Sachun Eubs and many Myuns of Sachun /Gosung Guns. The third-order level is made up of Samchunpo, Hadong/Gosung/Eryung/Namhae/Habchun/Hamyang Eups, and many Myuns of Eryung/Namhae/Habchun Guns. And all of Guchang Gun and most Myuns of Hamyang Gun belong to the fourth-order level of Chinju's sphere. The influence sphere of Metropolitan Chinju is extended farther in the direction of less competition with other metropolises. Such a situation occurs to the west and south of Chinju. Daily commuting, defined as the journeys to and from work, is an excellent indicator for delimiting urban spheres of influence.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.425-435
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• 2020

We explore the Pauli table C^(-1) and nonzero Pauli table W. Recurrence rules and interrelationships of any k slope diagonal sums over C^(-1) and W are studied in connection with diagonal sums of the Pascal table C⁽¹⁾. Since diagonal sums of C⁽¹⁾ are Fibonacci numbers, any k slope diagonal sums over C^(-1) and W are explained by Fibonacci numbers.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.433-442
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• 2008

In this paper we consider a real hypersurface M in complex hyperbolic space $H_n\mathbb{C}$ satisfying $S{\phi}A\;=\;{\phi}AS$, where $\phi$, A and S denote the structure tensor, the shape operator and the Ricci tensor of M respectively. Moreover, we give a characterization of real hypersurfaces of type A in $H_n\mathbb{C}$ by such a commuting Ricci tensor.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.997-1002
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• 1996

In this paper we extend the Zemanek's characterization of the Browder spectrum for a commuting n-tuple operators in $L(H)$ and show that if $T = (T_1, \cdots, T_n)$ is Browder then there exists an n-tuple $K = (K_1, \cdots, K_n)$ of compact operators and an invertible commuting n-tuple $(S_1, \cdots, S_n)$ for which $T = S + K$ and $S_i K_j = K_j S_i$ for all $1 \leq i, j \leq n$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.591-603
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• 2008

We employ the notion of implicit functions to prove a general common fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric spaces besides adopting the idea of R-weak commutativity of type (P) in fuzzy setting. In process, several previously known results are deduced as special cases to our main result.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.447-461
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• 2009

In this paper we give a non-existence theorem for Hopf real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians $G_2(\mathbb{C}^{m+2})$ satisfying the condition that the structure Jacobi operator $R_{\xi}$ commutes with the 3-structure tensors ${\phi}_i$, i = 1, 2, 3.