• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

Recently, metropolitanization and suburbization have been occurring mainly in large cities, and spatial miss-match between residential and employment areas has increased. Spatial miss-match is different in the metropolitan cities and other metropolitan cities in Korea. Seoul and other metropolitan cities have grown to become centers of business functions, while other metropolitan cities have been transformed into residential function centers. Accordingly, The reverse commuting phenomenon is occurring in the rural metropolitan. The reverse commuting phenomenon limits the employment opportunities of specific classes among urban residents, and cause various problems such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion. Therefore, many studies on spatial mismatch and reverse commuting have been conducted, but a number of studies have been conducted on the Seoul metropolitan area, and research on other metropolitan areas is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause of the commuting phenomenon in the metropolitan area of the non-metropolitan area by considering spatial mismatch and understanding the reverse commutation situation in the local metropolitan area. This study is analyzed by a multi-level model and suggests the need for management of industrial location and expansion of residence in suburban.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.375-387
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• 2018

This study investigates the factors that induce the early adoption of environmentally friendly vehicles. We measure the affective, cognitive, and behavioral factors influencing the early adoption intentions of car owners in three countries (the US, Germany, and Japan). We find that affective and cognitive factors are significant, but behavioral factors are only partially significant. Specifically, eco-centric values and knowledge about green technology are significant in explaining early adoption intent. However, of the behavioral factors, usage context is significant, whereas commute distance is not significant in explaining early adoption intent. Finally, between-country differences indicate that any policy to increase the adoption of environmentally friendly vehicles should be fine-tuned for each country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2015

Recently, railroad's preference greatly increased as the environment-friendly means of transportation as the importance in the aspects of environment and energy efficiency. So the government established the Korea Rail Network Authority which takes full charge of railroad construction in 20047 for regular railroad construction to combine major key points in the whole country with each other to be one city region by connecting them to each other to be within the commute time range of a hour and thirty minutes. And it has arranged large-scale railroad construction by establishing plans to build the 1st and 2nd national railroad networks as the national project and investing about 100 trillion won in it from 2006 to 2020. As large-scale railroad construction is promoted as the national project like this, there has been a string of safety accidents in it due to the large and complex construction project. As the government strengthened the safety accident prevention plans, safety accidents have tended to decrease in 2011. However, accidents of construction machinery have found to increase. Therefore, this study tried to investigate accident cases of the Korea Rail Network Authority for the recent 5 years and analyze accidents of construction machinery to prevent them in railroad construction sites and suggest accident prevention plans due to it by conducting, investigating, and analyzing the survey of its operators and superintendents of the construction sites and drawing the problems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of awareness, attitude and practice of wearing seatbelt of university students using a long distance commute. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate a convenience sample of 118 university students in Chungbuk province. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe'test using SPSS version 22. Results: A significant positive correlation was found among awareness, attitude and practice. There were statistically significant differences in awareness, attitude and practice according to some of general characteristics(gender, age, commuting time, the last point of no seatbelt, socioeconomic status). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be used to develop an accident prevention and health education program.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of commuter's departure time on transportation system in future traffic system operated autonomous vehicle using agent based model. Various scenarios have been set up, such as when all passenger choose a similar departure time, or if the passenger chooses a different departure time. Also, this study tried to analyze the effect of road capacity. It was found that although many of the scenarios had been completed in a stable manner, many commuters were significantly coordinated at the desired departure time. In particular, in the case of a reduction in road capacity or in certain scenarios, it has been shown that, despite excessive schedule adjustments, many passengers are unable to commute before 9 o'clock. As a result, it is suggested that traffic management and pricing policies are different from current ones in the era of autonomous car operation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.133-139
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• 2011

We built subway stops in order to meet demand. To do so, a standardized method is used to predict the demand. However, in some subway stops there are only few people moving around sparsely, but in some other stops there are too many people crammed in a crowd. The gap between forecasting and actual uses varies from 10% to more than 1,000%. This study is aimed to find out where this discrepancy between predicted vs. actual demand for urban rail transit comes from. Specifically, 40 subway stops in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which were opened last 10 years, are examined. This study suggests that, for better forecasting, we need to consider stops' locational characteristics as well as weekday commute-oriented exogenous factors. Locational characteristics includes; whether a stops is a terminal and/or weekend tourism node. There seems no "one size fits all" solution for transit demand forecasting; locational characteristics need to be reflected.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-64
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• 2011

This study examines changes and educational differences in parental time spent in childcare. Based on time diary data 1999-2009, it finds as follows. First, compared to 1999, parental time spent in childcare has increased in 2009. Unlike the tendency of convergence of time spent in childcare by sex in US, differences by sex have increased in Korea. Second, those who are highly educated tend to spend more time with children than their counterparts. For preschool aged children, parental time spent in physical care and playing has significantly increased by educational level. For school aged children, those who are highly educated are more likely than those who have lower level of education to help with children's study. Third, compared to 1999, time for leisure and economic activity has decreased in 2009 whereas time for commute, sleep, and care for others has increased.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.373-379
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• 2016

As the five-day workweek has been implemented in Korea many people are focusing their attention on hobbies, leisure activities or camping to enjoy the weekend. Recently many workers are purchasing personal mobility devices for commute, due to the launch of cheap personal mobility devices by Xiaomi. Under such circumstances, this study aimed to develop turn signals by using gyroscope sensors for safe use of personal mobility devices or for leisure activities. This study focused on previous cases of turn signal production for the safety during leisure activities or for personal mobility devices and analyzed their cases and identified problems. This study further presented an alternative design to overcome such problems and to develop turn signals for the safety of users. This is ring shape and included LED and then it expresses user's direction for backside. This study is one of the solution for safety of personal mobility product user.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2009

This study was performed to analyze the preferences and actual use patterns of university students (96 males and 187 females) for bakeries in the Gyeongju area of Korea. A total of 283 questionnaires were used for the examination and statistical analyses were completed using SPSS Win (14.0) by descriptive analysis and $x^2$-tests. The most favored bakery products were prepared items such as sandwiches and toast. Most of the respondents (92.9%) typically used bread for snacks, and the main places of purchase were well-known bakery shops (38.5%) in which females preferred well-known shops more than males. In addition, the respondents liked milk (79.9%) and jam (39.7%) as the beverage and food, respectively, to eat with bread. When choosing bread, the main selection point was taste (80.2%) and the cost per person per visit was usually 1,000~5,000 won (63.3%). The consumption frequency rate revealed that 49.1% of the students consumed bread as a snack, while 24.8% consumed bread with other foods 1~2 times a week. In the case of purchasing bread as a snack, females had more purchases than males (p<0.05). Students who lived in their own home (p<0.001) with a commute time to school greater than 30 minutes (p<0.001) had the highest number of bread purchases as a snack. The most important point for bread purchase was hygiene (4.60). Overall, for the development of bakeries in the Gyeongju area it seems imperative to address the bakery shop environment, including such aspects as hygiene, price, and new bread product development for students.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.179-190
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• 2012

During recent few years, Bike is arising as one of the most important item of sports market. As well as in domestic markets, customers are demanding specific brands only for young aged riders. Therefore, this study researched current bike wears and suggest digital textile printing with sports wear trends which also have safety and visual impact effectiveness, so it can be satisfied as green products and we also try to suggest sports sensitivity of existing cycle wear to city fashion. The purpose of this study is to figure out 20's-30's female biker attitude for bike wear and their purchasing habits and also their preference, digital textile design of city biker wear based on present condition research of riding wear markets and to establish high quality products with occupying high percentage of global markets and making high profits. For this study, bike wear distributors Survey First, foreign companies generally meet evenly sampling the 20s and 30s targeted vendors 10 companies were selected. 'city sporty ware' or 'casual line' dual 'extreme line' from all manufacturers, including, however did not distinguish it from all the vendors. This higher proportion of the recent upsurge in public and non-professional riders, despite the fact that you can see that the lack of 'Extreme line' compared to the 'casual' line of the city sporty ware production. overall seasonal sales in the spring appeared windbreak jacket, leggings and sweat emissions and at the same time built into the fabric dry faster T-shirt and shorts in the summer sales were higher. autumn jacket and produced excellent warm in winter fleece fabric T-shirts, pants, windshield jacket higher sales. showed improvements in design, improved in the order of the highest and perfect for everyday wear for both. As mentioned, we figure out 20's-30's female rider's attitude for riding suit and their purchasing habits and also their preference, so we can develop riding suit design based on their needs and suggest new design patterns.