• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1994

The transparent coloration of glasses has been successfully achieved by coated glass surface with squarylium dye by the sol-gel colored coating method. Treatment of sol-gel colored coating layer with HCI(g) greatly decreases the absorbance at λ$_{max}$, that increases exposure to $NH_{3}$(g) and the reversible color-colorless responce was extremely rapid.d.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

One of the most frequently used method for measurement of the degree of sizing (viz., hydrophobicity) is the Stockigt test. However, the Stockigt test was influenced by various factors such as dropping height, dropping amount, dropping speed and viewing angle. The resultant data of the sizing degree on the same specimen also varied according to different testers. Thus, the Stockigt test should be modified to be regarded as a highly reliable and reproducible standard method. For modifying the Stockigt test, it was required to quantify red coloration by reaction between 1％ ferric chloride and 2％ ammonium thiocyante during Stockigt testing. The cameras capturing the serial images during the red coloration process were the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)-type and CCD (Charge Coupled Device)-type cameras. For measurement based on KS M 7025, the CCD-type camera must be used due to its high resolution, and on the other hand, for measurement based on Tappi Useful Method 429, the CMOS-type camera may be used owing to its low resolution. It was needed to covert the RGB values of a droplet image into HSV(Hue, Saturation, and Value) values because the human eyes are much closer to HSV than RGB. Among HSV values, the Hue value was accepted as the most reliable index consistent with the red coloration process by excluding the surrounding conditions such as light, tester's movement etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.123-125
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• 2008

The heating process for coloration of persimmon extracts was examined instead of the general light irradiation method. The raw and fermented persimmon extracts were investigated in terms of the coloration phenomena onto cotton fabrics at various conditions. For both extracts, the color strength of fabrics was increased with the increase of coloration temperature, time and concentration of the extracts. The color fastness to washing was excellent for both color change and staining showing a rating of 5.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2018

This study aim is to provide new coloration method by laccase-catalyzation on natural phenolic dyeing process. In this study, silk was dyed with black tea, which is one of polyphenolic dye, extracted in distilled water. The dyed samples were catalyzed by laccase as the eco-friendly mordanting process. To optimize the conditions of laccase-catalyzed coloration, conditions were varied by different mordanting methods (one-bath, two-bath), temperature and treatment time. The dye affinity in terms of the value of K/S, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and H, V, C was measured by Computer Color Matching System (CCM, CM-2600d, Spectra Magic NX, Korea). The effect of laccase-catalyzed coloration on washing fastness was evaluated and compared with the synthetic mordant (Al, Cu, and Fe). As the result of color analysis of dyed silk, the optimum conditions of laccase-catalyzed coloration were determined to post-mordanting by one-bath at $50^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Under the optimum laccase-catalyzed conditions, the dyed silk was shown the color of yellowish-red. After laccase-catalyzed coloration on the dyed silk, the improvement of washing fastness was obtained compared with mordanted silk by synthetic mordant (Al, Cu, and Fe). Therefore, the present study was demonstrated that the effective enzymatic mordanting method by laccase for phenolic natural dyeing with vivid color and good fastness.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-37
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• 1970

The methanol extract of two kinds of liquorice on Korean market was examined for basic components by a general alkaloid extraction method. The hydrochloride of the components gave all positive reactions to five coloration and precipitation tests. Four coloration tests on the thin-layer chromatograms of the free bases showed three to five spots which are considered to be basic.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.309-314
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• 2015

Tungsten trioxide thin films are successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method using tungsten hexachloride as precursors. The structural, chemical, and optical properties of the prepared films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the films before and after heat treatment are also investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and in situ transmittance measurement system. Compared to as-prepared films, heat-treated tungsten trioxide thin films exhibit a higher electrochemical reversibility of 0.81 and superior coloration efficiency of $65.7cm^2/C$, which implies that heat treatment at an appropriate temperature is a crucial process in a sol-gel method for having a better electrochromic performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.1 s.53
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

The nicotine converter genotypes of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), which convert nicotine to nornicotine, contain a high amount of nornicotine that degrades tobacco quality and smoking taste. Elimination of nicotine converter plants before seed harvesting is required for breeding nicotine low-converter lines and for increasing their seed production. This study aims to develop a rapid and convenient method of identifying nicotine converter plants of burley breeding lines of KB9118(KB108) using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and isatin coloration method. Out of 223 plants in 10 lines harvested at maturity in 2002, 102 plants ($45\%$) were identified as nicotine converters by TLC of tobacco leaves air-cured. For 16 lines selected as low-converters in 2002, 148 plants grown in the field in 2003 were tested by the isatin coloration method using two detached leaves at the flowering stage thoroughly sprayed with $1\%\;NaHCO_3$ solution and cured in conditioned chambers for the early identification of nicotine to nornicotine conversion. From these samples, 46 plants ($31\%$) in 4 lines were identified as nicotine converters, indicating that the ratio of converters significantly decreased by one time selection. Mean percent conversion of non-screened lines was $14\%$ higher than that of following generation. Therefore in the burley tobacco, a rapid and convenient means of identifying and removing nornicotine converter plants by the isatin coloration method during growth in the greenhouse or field were effective in reducing the converter plants in the following generation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.37-40
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• 2007

The electrostatic layer-by-layer technique provides a convenient way to control the construction of ultrathin films at nano-scale ranges and can be easily obtained. It can be also applicable to fiber substrate with dye compounds. We have fabricated multilayer dye films using diazonium resin and three couplers, which are prepared by self-assembly approach. This method is based on layer-by-layer deposition using electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Beside, the diazo coupling reaction proceeded to form azo dye layer on the PET fibers the same time. The corresponding results of the multilayer films have been discussed on the level of color strength (K/S).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.866-880
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• 2021

This study aimed to ex situ colorize laccase-entrapped bacterial cellulose (BC) with natural phenolic dyes, namely,madder, turmeric, and cochineal, and to determine the effect of laccase entrapment on the dyeability of BC using color strength (K/S) analysis. Results showed that laccase entrapment improved the dyeability of BC and that pre-entrapment was the most effective method, compared with meta-entrapment and post-entrapment methods. In addition, surface characterizations confirmed the successful entrapment of laccase inside the BC nanostructure and retention of the cellulosic and crystalline structures of BC. The washing durability test confirmed that the K/S value of BC had improved after laccase entrapment. Furthermore, laccase-entrapped BC colorized with cochineal dye had the highest washing durability due to the high molecular weight of cochineal dyerelative to the other dyes. This study suggests a novel method for enhancing the dyeability and washing durability of BC colorized ex situ with natural phenolic dyes by laccase entrapment.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.52-59
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• 1994

Polyester, polyester/cotton blend, nylon and cotton fabrics were ultraviolet cutting finished with padding method or exhaustion method using several UV absorbers. The transmittance of ultraviolet ray in the textiles can be greatly depressed by the processing and it is expected that human skin can be kept safe from sun-burn or damages by ultraviolet ray.