• 아동학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between preschooler's sex, effortful control, working memory, and emotion regulation. The moderating effect of sex in the influences of effortful control and working memory on emotion regulation was also investigated. Eighty-eight children from the ages of 3 to 5 years participated in this study. A working memory task of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV(K-WISC-IV; Kwak, Oh, & Kim, 2011) was administered to the children. Their parents completed a very short form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) and Emotion Regulation Checklist(Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). The results indicated that effortful control significantly predicted emotion regulation. Additionally the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between working memory and emotion regulation was significant. Specifically, the influence of working memory on emotion regulation was significant only in boys, but not in girls. This result suggested that effortful control has an effect on emotion regulation in a stable manner whereas working memory has different effects on the influence of emotion regulation according to sex.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2015

본 연구는 어머니의 양육행동과 교사-유아 친밀 관계 및 유아의 의도적 통제가 리더십에 미치는 직 간접적인 영향을 경로분석을 통하여 살펴보는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 만 4, 5세 유아 266명과 그들의 어머니와 담임교사를 대상으로 양육행동, 교사-유아 친밀 관계, 의도적 통제, 리더십이 측정되었으며 수집된 자료는 Pearson의 적률상관분석과 경로분석을 통하여 분석되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 리더십에 의도적 통제는 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아의 리더십에 어머니의 양육행동은 유아의 의도적 통제를 통하여 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 리더십에 교사-유아 친밀 관계는 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 의도적 통제를 통하여 간접적인 영향도 미치는 것으로 나타나 가장 큰 인과효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과로써 유아의 리더십에 의도적 통제와 교사-유아 친밀관계는 직접적으로 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 교사-유아 친밀관계와 어머니의 양육행동이 리더십에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 의도적 통제의 매개효과가 확인되어 교사-유아 친밀관계와 어머니의 온정적인 양육행동은 유아의 의도적 통제에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 이는 리더십을 증진시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 그리고 교사-유아 친밀 관계는 유아의 리더십 증진에 가장 중요한 요인이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effects of preschooler's effortful control on the relationship between maternal emotional availability and preschooler's social skills and problem behaviors. One hundred-thirty six 5-year-old preschoolers and their mothers participated in this study. Instruments for this study were the Emotional Availability Scale for maternal emotional availability, the Delay task, and the Child Behavior Questionnaire for preschooler's effortful control, and the Social Skill Rating Scale, K-CBCL 1.5-5 and K-TRF for preschooler's social skills and problem behaviors. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, partial correlation, and structural equation modeling analysis. As predicted, the preschooler's effortful control mediated the effects of maternal emotional availability on preschooler's social skills and problem behaviors. In conclusion, the preschooler's effortful control mediates the effects of emotion related socialization behavior on the preschooler's socio-emotional adjustment.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends on effortful control with a focus on those found in academic journals. This was done in an attempt to understand the conception of effortful control clearly and lay the foundations for future studies. An analysis was performed on frequencies by years, methodology, and content. Results showed that (1) 95 research articles on effortful control were published between January of 1999 and June of 2010. (2) Most research participants were school-aged children. (3) There were a number of ways that researchers have assessed the concept of effortful control, and the most frequently used measurement scale was the Rothbart's questionnaire for temperament. (4) The main content of the research was the relationships between effortful control and developmental domains (particularly, emotional and social development). More recently, researches examining environmental factors including family and peer environment have increased.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2020

Objective: Studies have revealed that parenting is a crucial factor for children's effortful control and externalizing behaviors, however, less is known about the underlying mechanism that may be moderated by maternal depression. Therefore, the present study is aimed to testify the mediating effect of children's effortful control and moderating effect of maternal depression in the association between parenting(i.e. limit setting, overprotective/permissive parenting) and children's externalizing behaviors. Methods: Three hundred and one mothers with 4 to 6 years old children reported their parenting behaviors, depression, their children's effortful control and externalizing behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Process Macro. Results: Results showed that children's effortful control mediated the association between parenting and children's externalizing behaviors and maternal depression moderated the association between parenting behaviors and children's effortful control as well as between parenting behaviors and children's externalizing behaviors. The moderated mediation effects were stronger among mothers with lower levels of depression. Conclusion/Implications: These findings could contribute to a better understanding of how and when maternal limit setting and overprotective/permissive parenting impact children's externalizing behaviors. It is suggested that future efforts to provide the parenting intervention take a target specific approach (e.g. considering mother's depression symptom), on order to maximize the effectiveness of program to ultimately facilitate children's positive adjustment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.550-563
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• 2021

본 연구는 장애아동의 외현화된 문제행동이 어머니와 아동의 심리사회적 상호작용에 의한 결과물임을 인식하고, 이의 체계적 인과구조와 다차원적 영향관계를 실증적으로 검증함으로써 외현화 행동의 감소를 통한 장애아동 및 장애아동 가족의 순적한 정상화과정(normalization process)에 도움을 줄 수 있는 실천적 함의를 도출하고자 하였다. 이에 편의표집에 의해 선정된 장애아동 및 어머니 135명을 대상으로 어머니의 양육행동과 아동의 외현화 행동 간 관계에서 아동의 의도적 통제를 매개변인으로, 어머니 및 아동의 방어유형을 조절변인으로 하는 연구모형을 설정하고 조절된 매개효과를 검증할 수 있는 조건부 과정분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 어머니의 과보호 양육행동은 아동의 외현화 행동을 증가시키는데 있어 직접적 효과와 간접적 효과 모두 통계적으로 유의하고, 이에 아동의 의도적 통제에 의한 매개효과 역시 통계적으로 유의미함이 확인되었다. 둘째, 어머니의 방어유형에 의한 의도적 통제의 조절된 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의미하고, 아동의 방어유형에 의한 의도적 통제의 조절된 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않음이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 어머니의 양육행동의 영향에 대한 중요성을 전제로, 부모-아동 상호작용 치료와 긍정적 행동지원 등의 효과적 전략 기틀 위에 과보호 행동변화를 위한 직접적 전략, 아동의 의도적 통제성향과의 병행전략, 어머니의 대처전략 적용을 통한 차선적 전략 등에 대한 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.103-121
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore Korean mothers' beliefs regarding their toddlers' temperament, including what they believe constitutes desirable and undesirable behavior, and their resulting reactions. Data were collected int the process of interviewing 50 Korean mothers of toddlers (whose average age was 34.1 Months, and of which 54% were boys). Results revealed that mothers considered 'High-Sociality', 'Positive Affect' and 'High-Effortful Control' as desirable temperaments, whereas 'Negative Affect', 'Under-Effortful Control' and 'Low Sociality' were considered to be undesirable temperaments for toddlers. Mothers cited the importance of child 'Sociality' and 'Development', 'Easiness of Parenting' and 'Child Happiness' as the reasons for their beliefs. While, they considered 'Negative Affect', 'Under-Effortful Control' and 'Low Sociality' to be undesirable temperaments, citing 'Sociality', 'Difficulty of Parenting', 'Development' and 'Child Safety' as the reasons. Finally, mothers were more likely to give verbal encouragement or physical encouragement such as hugging, in responding to desirable behavior on the part of their child, whereas they were more likely to give firm inhibition, reasoning or inconsistent reaction to their child's undesirable behavior. Many of the mothers' beliefs varied depending on the child's gender. Results were discussed in relation to cultural perspectives.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.431-444
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• 2019

This study explored the longitudinal developmental paths of preschooler's external problem behaviors from infancy. Subjects consisted of 205 preschoolers (106 boys, 99 girls aged 4) and their mothers recruited for the 2009 in-depth Panel Study on Korean Children. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlations, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS Co., Chicago, IL, USA), Amos 18.0 (SPSS Co., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were as follows: Maternal depression at preschooler's age 0 had a direct effect on maternal social parenting style at preschooler's age 0. Maternal social parenting style at preschooler's age 0 had a direct effect on preschooler's effortful control at age 1. Preschooler's effortful control at age 1 had a direct effect on preschooler's external problem behaviors at age 4. Marital conflict at preschooler's age 0 did not have a direct effect on preschooler's effortful control at age 1. The direct effects of maternal depression at preschooler's age 0 on preschooler's effortful control at age 1, and on preschooler's external problem behaviors at age 4 were not significant. In addition, direct effect of maternal social parenting style at preschooler's age 0 on preschooler's external problem behaviors at age 4 was not significant. This study showed that maternal psychological characteristics, marital conflict, maternal social parenting style and preschooler's effortful control in infancy should be considered simultaneously to explain the effect on preschooler's external problem behaviors.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships among mothers' emotion expression, preschool children's temperament, and preschool children's emotion regulation. The participants in this study were 75 5-year-old children from five child-care centers located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using simple regression and hierarchical multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. First, mothers' positive emotion expression had a positive influence on children's effortful control, and mothers' negative emotion expression had a positive influence on children's negative affect. Second, mothers' positive emotion expression had a positive influence on children's emotion regulation, while mothers' negative emotion expression had a negative influence on children's emotion regulation. Last, the effect of mothers' positive emotion expression on children's emotion regulation was fully mediated by children's effortful control. Also, the effect of mothers' negative emotion expression on children's emotion regulation was partially mediated by children's negative affect. These results suggest that mothers' emotion expression and children's temperament may predict children's emotion regulation.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to examine whether the preschool children's temperament predicted their emotion regulation in different situations. The participants in this study were 148 3-and 5-year-old children recruited from five child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were the frequencies, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. The children's temperament contributed to individual differences in emotion regulation. The 3-year-olds' negative affectivity and surgency significantly predicted their mothers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. The 5-year-olds' effortful control significantly predicted their teachers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. In addition, the 5-year-olds' negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency predicted the mothers' ratings of their children's emotion regulation. These results suggest that children's temperament are contributors to the development of their emotion regulation.