• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.250-254
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• 2007

Applying the moving photo-carrier grating(MPG) technique and time-of-flight(TOF) measurements, we studied the transport properties of stabilized amorphous selenium typical of the material used in direct conversion X-ray imaging devices. For MPG measurement, we obtained electron and hole mobility and the recombination lifetime of $\alpha-Se$ films with arsenic(As) additions. We found an apparent increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when 0.3 % As was added into $\alpha-Se$ film, whereas electron mobility decreased with the addition of As due to the defect density. For TOF measurement, a laser beam with pulse duration of 5 ns and wavelength of 350 nm was illuminated on the surface of $\alpha-Se$ with a thickness of 400 ${\mu}m$. The measured hole and electron transit times were about 8.73 ${\mu}s$ and 229.17 ${\mu}s$, respectively.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 2013

In this paper, a carbon implant is investigated in detail from the perspectives of performance advantages and side effects for the thick n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (n-MOSFET). Threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) adjustment using a carbon implant significantly improves the $V_{th}$ mismatch performance in a thick (3.3-V) n-MOS transistor. It has been reported that a bad mismatch occurs particularly in the case of 0.11-${\mu}m$ $V_{th}$ node technology. This paper investigates a carbon implant process as a promising candidate for the optimal $V_{th}$ roll-off curve. The carbon implant makes the $V_{th}$ roll-off curve perfectly flat, which is explained in detail. Further, the mechanism of hot carrier injection lifetime degradation by the carbon implant is investigated, and new process integration involving the addition of a nitrogen implant in the lightly doped drain process is offered as its solution. This paper presents the critical side effects, such as Isub increases and device performance shifts caused by the carbon implant and suggests an efficient method to avoid these issues.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2008

In this paper we fabricated and measured the $0.26{\mu}m$ NMOSFET with wet gate oxide and nitride oxide gate to compare that the charateristics of hot carrier effect, charge to breakdown, transistor Id_Vg curve, charge trapping, and SILC(Stress Induced Leakage Current) using the HP4145 device tester. As a result we find that the characteristics of nitride oxide gate device better than wet gate oxide device, especially hot carrier lifetime(nitride oxide gate device satisfied 30 years, but the lifetime of wet gate oxide was only 0.1 year), variation of Vg, charge to breakdown, electric field simulation and charge trapping etc.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.107-107
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.568-568
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• 2013

현재 태양전지 도핑 공정은 퍼니스와 레이저 도핑공정이 주요공정으로 사용되고 있다. 퍼니스 도핑 공정은 POCl3 가스를 도펀트로 사용하여 확산 공정으로 진행한다. 퍼니스 도핑공정은 고가의 장비와 유독 가스사용으로 인한 처리 문제, 웨이퍼의 국부적인 부분에 고농도 도핑을 하는데는 제한적이다. 레이저를 사용한 선택적 도핑의 경우 고가의 레이저장비가 요구되어진다. 본 연구는 기존 도핑공정 문제점을 보완한 저가이면서 새로운 구조의 대기압 플라즈마 제트를 개발하였고, 이를 통한 인산을 사용하여 선택적 도핑에 관한 연구를 하였다. 대기압 플라즈마 제트는 Ar 가스를 주입하여 저주파(1 kHz~100 kHz) 전원을 인가하여 플라즈마를 발생시키는 구조로 제작하였다. 웨이퍼는 태양전지용 P-type shallow 도핑된(120 Ohm/square) 웨이퍼를 사용하였고, 도펀트는 스핀코터를 사용하여 도포를 하였다. 인산의 농도는 10%, 50%, 85%를 사용하였다. 플라즈마 발생 전류는 70 mA, 120 mA에서 실험을 하였다. 대기압 플라즈마 처리시간은 30 s, 90 s, 150 s 처리하여 도핑공정을 진행하였고, 도핑 프로파일은 SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy)측정을 통하여 분석을 진행하였다. 도펀트의 농도와 전류가 높아짐에 따라서, 도핑 처리시간이 길어짐에 따라서 도핑 깊이가 깊어짐을 확인하였다. 도핑 프로파일을 분석하여 Effective carrier lifetime을 얻었으며, 도펀트 농도가 증가하거나 도핑 처리시간이 길어짐에 따라서 Effective carrier lifetime 낮아짐을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2014

We investigated the influence of blistering on $Al_2O_3$/SiON stacks and $Al_2O_3$/SiNx:H stacks passivation layers. $Al_2O_3$ film provides outstanding Si surface passivation quality. $Al_2O_3$ film as the rear passivation layer of a p-type Si solar cell is usually stacked with a capping layer, such as $SiO_2$, SiNx, and SiON films. These capping layers protect the thin $Al_2O_3$ layer from an Al electrode during the annealing process. We compared $Al_2O_3$/SiON stacks and $Al_2O_3$/SiNx:H stacks through surface morphology and minority carrier lifetime after annealing processes at $450^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$. As a result, the $Al_2O_3$/SiON stacks were observed to produce less blister phenomenon than $Al_2O_3$/SiNx:H stacks. This can be explained by the differences in the H species content. In the process of depositing SiNx film, the rich H species in $NH_3$ source are diffused to the $Al_2O_3$ film. On the other hand, less hydrogen diffusion occurs in SiON film as it contains less H species than SiNx film. This blister phenomenon leads to an increase insurface defect density. Consequently, the $Al_2O_3$/SiON stacks had a higher minority carrier lifetime than the $Al_2O_3$/SiNx:H stacks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.665-669
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• 2015

We investigated and compared two methods of in-situ oxidation and chemical etching treatment (CET) to remove the boron rich layer (BRL). The BRL is generally formed during boron doping process. It has to be controlled in order not to degrade carrier lifetime and reduce electrical properties. A boron emitter is formed using $BBr_3$ liquid source at $930^{\circ}C$. After that, in-situ oxidation was followed by injecting oxygen of 1,000 sccm into the furnace during ramp down step and compared with CET using a mixture of acid solution for a short time. Then, we analyzed passivation effect by depositing $Al_2O_3$. The results gave a carrier lifetime of $110.9{\mu}s$, an open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) of 635 mV at in-situ oxidation and a carrier lifetime of $188.5{\mu}s$, an $V_{oc}$ of 650 mV at CET. As a result, CET shows better properties than in-situ oxidation because of removing BRL uniformly.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

The silicon nitride ($SiN_x$) film for surface passivation and anti-reflection coating of crystalline silicon solar cell is very important and it is generally deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). PECVD can be divided into low and high frequency method. In this paper, the $SiN_x$ film deposited by low and high frequency PECVD method was studied. First, to optimize the $SiN_x$ film deposited by low frequency PECVD method, the refractive index was measured by varying the process conditions like $SiH_4$, $NH_3$, $N_2$ gas rate, and RF power. When $SiH_4$ gas rate was increased and $NH_3$ gas rate was decreased, the refractive index was increased. The refractive index was also increased with RF power decline. Second, to compare the characteristics of the low and high frequency PECVD $SiN_x$ film, the refractive index was measured by varying $NH_3/SiH_4$ gas ratio and RF power and the minority carrier lifetime of before and after high temperature treatment process was also measured. The refractive index of both low and high frequency PECVD $SiN_x$ film was decreased with increase in $NH_3/SiH_4$ gas ratio and RF power. After high temperature treatment process, the minority carrier lifetime of both low and high frequency PECVD $SiN_x$ film was increased and increased degree was similar. The minority carrier lifetime of low frequency PECVD $SiN_x$ was increased from $11.03{\mu}m$ to $28.24{\mu}m$ and that of high frequency PECVD $SiN_x$ was increased from $11.60{\mu}m$ to $27.10{\mu}m$.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 2007

In this paper, MOS devices with ultrathin gate dielectrics (5.5 nm) are characterized and compared with those with conventional oxides particularly for nanoscale CMOS applications. Nitrogen concentrations and profiles in the nitride gate dielectrics were obtained that will play an important role in improving both hot-carrier lifetime and resistance to boron penetration. This approach seems very useful for future nanoscale CMOS device applications.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1956-1958
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• 1999

The analysis of hole injection efficiency at the p+/n-drift layer junction in non-punchthrough IGBT structure is presented. This analysis takes into account carrier concentration variations by conductivity modulation. Good agreement between this analysis and simulation is found over a wide range of carrier lifetime and current density. The proposed analytical model of the hole injection efficiency as a function of collector width, collector concentration has been verified by device simulator, ATLAS.