• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify the viral etiology of acute respiratory illnesses and to determine epidemiology in outpatients in Busan, Korea. Methods : We collected nasal wash samples from 990 patients who visited the hospital for acute respiratory illnesses between January 2007 and December 2008. Extracted DNA or RNA from specimens was used for viral detection by an RT-PCR method. Results : Of a total of 990 samples, viruses were detected in 351 cases (35.5%). The ratio of male to female was 1.6:1 and 93.7% were less than 5 years old. Rhinovirus was detected year-round in 202 cases (57.5%), respiratory syncytial virus from October to March in 57 cases (16.2%), adenovirus year-round in 37 cases (10.5%), influenza virus from December to April in 21 cases (6%), bocavirus from January to August in 15 cases (4.3%), parainfluenza virus from April to July in 9 cases (2.6%), coronavirus from January to July in 7 cases (2%), and enterovirus from June to September in 3 cases (0.9%). Conclusion : We identified the etiology and epidemiology of viruses that caused the acute respiratory diseases that were prevalent in Busan, 2007-2008. Further surveillance will be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2009

Background: The advances in surgical technology, anesthesia and perioperative care have made it possible to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy on an outpatient basis. This study was conducted to assess the analgesic effect and the adverse events of different dosing methods when using transdermal fentanyl patches (TDFPs) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Sixty patients who were to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were divided into two groups. Group 1: 2 TDFPs that released $12{\mu}g/h$ were applied after the induction of anesthesia and these 2 patches were removed after 24 hours. Group 2: 2 TDFPs that released $12{\mu}g/h$ were applied after the induction of anesthesia and one patch was removed after 7 hours and the other patch was removed after 24 hours. The intensity of the postoperative pain was assessed by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and assessing the adverse events, including dizziness, pruritus and nausea/vomiting, were recorded for 48 hours postoperatively. Results: The VAS score of postoperative pain was not significantly different between the two groups at all times. The incidence of dizziness in groups I and II was 10 and 3, respectively, and the incidence of nausea/vomiting in group I and II was 4 and 0, respectively. The incidences of dizziness and nausea/vomiting in group II were significantly lower than those of group I (P<0.05). Conclusions: A dosing method that removes half of the TDFPs ($24{\mu}g/h$) after 7 hours of application caused a lower incidence of dizziness and nausea/vomiting without any significant difference of postoperative analgesic efficacy, as compared to leaving on both the TDFPs (24$\mu$g/h) for 24 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.63.4-64
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• 2016

본 발표에서는 DSLR 카메라와 CCD를 이용하여 과학고등학교의 R&E교육과정에서 수행한 몇 가지 실험과 그 결과를 소개한다. DSLR 카메라와 SQM을 이용한 밤하늘 특성 분석, CCD를 이용한 고유운동 측정, DSLR을 이용한 산개성단의 측광, CCD를 이용한 산개성단의 측광과 이를 통한 산개성단의 질량분리와 역학적 진화에 대한 연구이다. 실험은 부산일과학고, 울산과학고, 부산과학고에서 수행되었으며, 모든 실험의 결과는 학생들이 직접 관측한 결과를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 본 실험의 방법과 과정은 일선 학교에서 응용하여 활용될 수 있으며, 실험의 결과는 향후 유사한 실험 교육을 수행할 때 기초 자료로 활용되어 질 수 있다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2009

This is a first and basic study for making Busan port more attractive. The study is intended to clear up the situation and problems of landscape of Busan port area from the viewpoint of landscape experts, citizen and visitors. To reach the goal an attitude comparative study has been conducted using a same questionnaire between landscape experts working in Busan city, Busan citizen and visitors to Busan port area. In questionnaire, firstly the situation of the whole landscape of Busan port area has been asked. The contents of questions on the situation of port landscape are satisfaction about port landscape, harmony between cityscape and portscape, images of portscape, effects of 25 portscape elements on portscape, problems of portscape, and ways of improving portscape. Secondly, each respondent has given answers freely on how to make Busan port area more attractive. As a result of this study there are several important differences of attitudes towards Busan portscape between experts, citizen and visitors. Especially there are some distinctive differences between attitudes of experts and citizen but the attitudes of citizen are similar to those of visitors. At the end of the study some proposals for making an improvement of Busan port landscape have been suggested on the basis of the results of this attitude comparative study.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2022

Busan New Port manages the largest volume of traffic among Korean ports, and accounts for 68.5% of the total volume of the Busan port. Due to this increase in volume, ultra large container ships call at Busan New Port. When the additional south container terminal as well as ongoing construction project of the west container terminal are completed, various encounters may occur at the Busan New Port entrance, which may cause collision risk.s Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a plan to improve the safety of vessel traffic, in the in/out bound fairway of Busan New Port. For this purpose, the status of arrivals and departures of vessels in Busan New Port, was examined through maritime traffic flow analysis. Additionally, risk factors and safety measures were identified, by AHP analysis with ship operators of the study area. Also, based on the derived safety measures, scenarios were set using the Environmental Stress model (ES model), and the traffic risk level of each safety measure was identified through simulation. As a result, it is expected that setting the no entry area for one-way traffic would have a significant effect on mitigating risks at the Busan New Port entrance. This study can serve as a basis for preparing safety measures, to improve the navigation of vessels using Busan New Port. If safety measures are prepared in the future, it is necessary to verify the safety by using the traffic volume and flow changes according to the newly-opened berths.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.204-214
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• 2006

The necessity of a management for a metropolitan has long intrigued many urban scholars and researchers who are interested in Busan metropolitan spatial structure and its problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes of spatial structure in Busan Metropolitan by analyzing the population, employment and Land prices, for the period of 1993, 2001. The major results in this study are as follows; While main-centers have experienced significant loss of population, sub-centers have been growing. Jung-Ang Dong still has high accessibility in population potentials, but its accessibility has declined since 1993. Pu-Jeon Dong had increasing trend of population until 2000, but its population has also descended since that time. Meanwhile, the population of sub-centers has increased in its accessibility. And The spatial pattern of the population in Busan has changed from monocentric to polycentric. This phenomenon was almost spontaneously generated from population dispersion from existing main-centers. In terms of change of land values are there is a spatial and temporal rhythm in the urbanization of Busan. The highest land value in Busan is shown in CBD. The development of Busan proceeded along the north-south belt and extended to west Busan.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.5
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• pp.245-248
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• 2014

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extrapulmonary form of TB, and there have been only two reports of miliary TB associated with infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB pathogen in an immunocompetent host. A 32-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of abnormal findings on chest X-ray. The patient was diagnosed with MDR-TB by a line probe assay and was administered proper antituberculous drugs. After eight weeks, a solid-media drug sensitivity test revealed that the pathogen was resistant to ethambutol and streptomycin in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin. The patient was then treated with effective antituberculous drugs without delay after diagnosis of MDR-TB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of miliary TB caused by MDR-TB pathogen in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2012

Eight marine sediments from Busan port in Korea were annually analyzed to examine the concentration distribution of dioxins from 2006 to 2010. Yearly mean concentration of dioxins ranged from 186.3 to $383.3pg\;g^{-1}$ in real values and 5.087 to 8.541 pg-TEQ (Toxicity equivalency) based on dry weight of samples. The dioxin concentration at the site near fishing market was the highest concentration among all sampling sites. Also the dioxin concentration at the sites with various pollutant sources such as large ships, sewage influx and thermal power station as well as fishing market was higher than that of the sites without specific pollutant sources. Another main factor that affects the dioxin concentration is topography characteristics of the bay. The bay has relatively high dioxin concentration because of the lack of the pollutant diffusion. This study demonstrated that the dioxin concentration in the site with pollutant sources and the lack of the pollutant diffusion was relatively high as compared with the other sites. As a result of contribution ratio of dioxin congeners, OCDD (Octachlorodibenzodioxin) in all sites was major contributor in real value, in contrast, dioxin congeners in TEQ values were dominated by 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.196-208
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• 2017

Busan is one of the most popular tourist cities of the Republic of Korea. To develop differentiated urban brand as the nation's flagship maritime city, Busan needs to explore diverse marine tourism stories and develop related contents. For the purpose of developing storytelling as a way to facilitate the maritime tourism of Busan, this study attempted to i) create 'marine leisure Galmaetgil of Busan' contents using 5-step storytelling modules and ii) develop themed tour routes based on the marine tourist contents and related graphic elements such as tour route map and image editing. Galmaetgil is a beautiful trail developed along the coastal line. It is one of the most famous tourist contents of Busan. Based on this asset, Busan would be able to develop its own tourist contents as the nation's proud marine-leisure city. The emotional stories which can draw a great attention from the citizens and tourists and informative storytelling would make people understand and experience marine leisure in a fun and easy.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1041-1048
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects on meteorological variables in Seoul, Busan and Jeju during the partial solar eclipse event of 22 July 2009 in Korea. Solar irradiance decreased 16 and 19 minutes after eclipse in Seoul and Busan, and 6 minutes before eclipse in Jeju. Minimum solar irradiance occurred 7 and 3 minutes after maximum eclipse in Seoul and Busan, respectively, and 8 minutes before maximum eclipse in Jeju. Solar irradiance began to increase after maximum eclipse in Seoul and Busan, and recovered to the original state as eclipse ended. On the other hand, recovery of solar irradiance after maximum eclipse in Jeju was slower than those of two cities. Temperature drop due to partial solar eclipse were $0.7^{\circ}C$, $4.0^{\circ}C$, $1.5^{\circ}C$ in Seoul, Busan, and Jeju, respectively, and time needed to arrive minimum temperature from maximum eclipse were each 12, 32, 30 minutes, respectively. Change of relative humidity during partial solar eclipse were 2.6%, 17.4%, 12.3% in Seoul, Busan, and Jeju, respectively. Temperature drop turned out to be sharper as altitude increases. Wind speed decreased by each about 1.1 m/s, 3.4 ms/s, 1.4 ms/s due to partial solar eclipse in Seoul, Busan, and Jeju. Soil temperature of 5 cm equally decreased by $0.2^{\circ}C$ in Seoul and Busan, soil temperature of 10 cm maintained almost constant, and soil temperature of 20 cm was hardly affected by eclipse.