• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 2012

Fermented Chlorella vulgaris CBT$^{(R)}$ was evaluated for its effects on egg production, egg quality, liver lipids and intestinal microflora in laying hens. One hundred and eight Hy-line Brown layers (n = 108), 80 wk of age, were fed a basal diet supplemented with CBT$^{(R)}$ at the level of 0, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg, respectively for 42 d. Egg production was measured daily and egg quality was measured every two weeks. Five eggs from each replicate were collected randomly to determine egg quality. Egg production increased linearly with increasing levels of CBT$^{(R)}$ supplementation (p<0.05), although there was no significant effect of treatment on feed intake. Egg yolk color (p<0.001) and Haugh unit (p<0.01) improved linearly with increasing dietary CBT$^{(R)}$. Hepatic triacylglycerol level was linearly decreased with increasing dietary CBT$^{(R)}$ (p<0.05). The supplemental CBT$^{(R)}$ resulted in linear (p<0.001) and quadratic (p<0.01) response in population of cecal lactic acid bacteria. In conclusion, fermented Chlorella vulgaris supplemented to laying hen diets improved egg production, egg yolk color, Haugh unit and positively affected the contents of hepatic triacylglycerol and the profiles of cecal microflora.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1725-1728
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the efficiency of transfer of dietary iron sources to eggs of laying hens. Eighty ISA-Brown laying birds of 30 wk old were housed in 40 cages of 2 birds each. Eight birds in four cages were assigned to one of the following ten treatments: T1; control, T2; 100 ppm iron supplementation with iron-methionine chelate (Fe-Met-100), T3; Fe-Met- 200, T4; Fe-Met-300, T5; 100 ppm iron supplementation with iron sulfate ($FeSO_4$-100), T6; $FeSO_4$-200, T7; $FeSO_4$-300, T8; 100 ppm iron supplementation with Availa-$Fe^{(R)}$ (Availa-Fe-100), T9; Availa-Fe-200 and T10; Availa-Fe-300. Results of 40 d feeding trial showed that there were no consistent responses in laying performance by source and level of iron supplementation. However, eggshell strength and color were improved by Fe supplementation. Egg iron content was maximized at 10-15 days after feeding supplemental Fe. Fe- Met was the most effective source in enriching Fe of eggs followed by Availa-Fe and $FeSO_4$. Increasing supplementary Fe level more than 100 ppm was not effective in Fe-Met and Availa-Fe treatments. Average Fe enrichment of 18% was achieved after feeding Fe-Met-100 for 15 d. In conclusion, enrichment of Fe in egg could be effectively achieved by supplementation of Fe-Met-100 for 15 d.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1986

An experiment was conducted for 14 days using 108 Manina Brown laying hens of 27 weeks of age to study the effects of dietary phosphorus levels on egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency, time of oviposition, specific gravity and weight of eggs. Hens were divided into 12 pens and each was assigned to one of the three treatments with 4 replications. Each hen was housed in individual cage. Birds on treatment 1 were fed a control diet (0.70% P) continuously and served as control. Hens on treatment 2 received a high phosphorus diet (HP: 2.54% P) between 06:00 and 10:00 and a low phosphorus diet(LP;0.33% P) for the rest of the day, Treatment 3 was fed HP diet for four hours immediately following oviposition and LP diet for the rest of the day. All diets contained a constant level of calcium (4.04 %). Results indicated that egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the treatments. Hens in treatment 3 tended to lay earlier than those in treatments 1 (P〈.0.05 ) and 2 (P〈.0.01 ). There were no significant differences in egg weights among treatments. Egg specific gravity, however, was significantly (P〈0.01) improved by feeding HP diet for 4 hours immediately fellowing oviposition (treatment 3). There was no significant difference in the specific gravity between eggs from the control and treatment 2. There were found a linear relationship for egg weight and a quadratic relationship for egg specific gravity (P〈0.01) with time of oviposition. Specific gravity of eggs tended to be low as the egg weight increased.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) precursor and produce supplementation on egg production, egg quality and blood immunological parameters in laying hens. The total of 252 (32-wk) Hy-line brown commercial hens were used for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet + oat 1% + soybean oil 1%), 2) WOS (basal diet + whey 0.5% + oat 0.5% + soybean oil 1%), 3) WS (basal diet+ whey 1% + soybean oil 1%), 4) WOCLA (basal diet + whey 0.5% + oat 0.5% + CLA produce 1%), 5) WCLA (basal diet + whey 1% + CLA produce 1%) and 6) FOCLA (basal diet + Fish oil 0.5% + oat 1% + CLA produce 0.5%). For 4 weeks egg shell thickness was higher in WOS and FOCLA treatments than WOCLA and WCLA treatments (P<0.05). Egg weight was significantly increased (P<0.05) in WOS and FOCLA treatments compared to WS and WCLA treatments for 4 weeks. From 4 to 5 weeks yolk high, yolk color and haugh unit were significantly higher in FOCLA treatment than CON treatment (P<0.05). IgG concentration of blood was increased in WOS and FOCLA treatments compared to CON, WS and WOCLA treatments(P<0.05). In conclusion, fish oil, CLA produce and oat supplementation in laying hens diet improve egg shell thickness, yolk high, yolk color and haugh unit, also, CLA precursor supplementaion in laying hens diet improve IgG concentration of blood higher than CON treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of copper-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) and herbal mixture (HBM) on growth performance, blood parameter, and immune response in laying hens. A total 800 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments : (1) Control : control diet, (2) Cu-SP : control diet + 100 mg/kg Cu-soy proteinate, (3) HBM : control diet + 0.15% herbal mixture, and (4) Cu-SP + HBM : control diet + 100 mg/kg Cu-soy proteinate + 0.15% herbal mixture. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with forty birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 5 weeks under 16L : 8D lighting regimen. The diet and water were available ad libitum. Result indicated that during feeding trial of the experiment, hen-day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP and HBM treated groups than control. However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, broken and shell less egg production were not significantly influenced by treatments. Eggshell strength was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP than control. Eggshell thickness, eggshell color, egg yolk color, Haugh unit were not significantly influenced by treatments. The level of WBC and stress index (heterophil : lymphocyte) were higher in supplemented groups than the control. The concentration of plasma IgG was higher in supplemented groups than the control. The result of this experiment showed that dietary copper-soy proteinate or herbal mixture tended to improve egg production and affect positively on immune response of laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics in laying hens. A total of 216 ISA Brown laying hens, 55 wk of age, were used in the 6-wk feeding trial. Experimental diets were consisted of basal diet (CON), 2.5% fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product replaced lupin in basal diet (WG1) and 5.0% fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product replaced lupin in basal diet (WG2). Birds were randomly allotted to 18 replicate pens. There were 6 replicates per treatment, and 12 laying hens per replicate. Through the 6-wk feeding trial, egg production was significantly increased in WG1 and WG2 treatments compared to CON (P<0.05). Egg weight was significantly higher in WG2 than CON (P<0.05). WG1 resulted higher yolk color than CON (P<0.05). Albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly improve in WG1 compared to WG2 (P<0.05). Red blood cell was significantly lower in WG2 than CON (P<0.05). LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in CON compared to WG2 (P<0.05). In conclusion, fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product could improve egg production and egg weight in laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to determine optimum levels of dietary crude protein for productivity and egg quality in laying hens during early stage. A total of seven hundred and twenty 24-wk-old Hy-Line Variety Brown layers were randomly assigned to 4 experimental diets varying with 16%, 17%, 18%, and 19% CP and fed the diets for 12 wks. There were no significant differences in egg production, daily egg mass and feed intake among experimental diets. Although no difference was found on egg weight among experimental diets, decreasing levels of dietary crude protein tended to reduce the egg weight. Haugh unit and egg shell quality were not affected by different levels of dietary crude protein. Although there was no difference on yolk color among experimental diets, increasing levels of dietary crude protein slightly reduced the yolk color. It is concluded that laying hens did not need more than 16% CP to maximize egg production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1605-1609
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• 2001

A total of 252, 50 week-old Isa-brown laying hens were randomly allotted to 7 groups of 3 replicates. Mustard meal (MM) which is a by-product from mustard processing plant, was dried under the sun or in a gas heated pan. It contained on DM basis 30-32% CP, 19-22% EE and 12-13% CF. The meal from either drying method was incorporated into the diets at 0, 10, 20 and 30% which was equivalent to the substitution levels for soybean meal at 0, 31, 63 and 94%, respectively. All birds were individually kept in battery cages where feed and water were freely accessed throughout 84 days experimental period. It was found that egg production, feed intake, body weight gain and egg weight significantly decreased with the increased MM level. The inclusion of 20% MM did not show a significant difference in egg production and quality from the control, but produced 6-8% lower egg production. Feed intake was linearly decreased with the MM levels, except the 10% sun dried MM group. Fat deposition of the birds fed MM diets significantly decreased, while kidney weight increased when compared with the control group. However, the weight of thyroid glands and spleen trended to be heavier in the MM groups, but this was not significantly different among dietary treatments. It was concluded, MM from both drying methods could be incorporated in laying hen diets at the level of 10% without any adverse effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.130-132
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different dietary ME and CP on post-molt performance of spent laying hens. Four hundred and thirty two, ISA brown after molt induction were fed 6 experimental diets containing 3 ME(2,750, 2,800, 2,850 kcal/kg) and 2 CP(15, 17%) levels in factorial design. The influence of ME and CP were measured on body weight, egg production, egg weight and feed intake throughout 24 weeks of production. Egg mass and FCR were calculated for the entire experimental period body weight remained less in hens receiving 2,800 kcal/kg. ME and showed the highest egg Production coupled with 15% CP. Feed intake decreased with the increasing level of ME and CP. As the results of this experiment, 2,800 kcal/kg ME can be used to maintain the low body weight and to obtain higher egg production with 15% CP in induced molting hens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding probiotics on the egg quality and excretal noxious gas in laying hens. One hundred forty four, 36 weeks old ISA brown commercial layer, were employed in a 28 d feeding trial with a 7 d adjustment period. Dietary treatments are 1) control(basal diet), 2) PB0.3(basal diet+0.3% probiotics), 2) PB0.6(basal diet+0.6% probiotics). For overall period, hen-day egg production, egg weight and egg shell breaking strength tended to increase (P>0.05) by dietary probiotic supplementation. Egg shell thickness was improved by supplementation of probiotics(linear effect, P$<$0.01). Diets PB0.3 and PB0.6 improved the yolk color compared to control diet(linear effect, P$<$0.02). As supplementation level of probiotics increased in the diets, egg yolk index tended to increase(linear effect, P$<$0.04). $NH_3$-N concentration in excreta fed PB0.6 diet was significantly (P$<$0.04) lower than either control or PB0.3 diet. In conclusion, supplementing probiotics to a Corn-SBM diet for laying hens increased egg shell thickness, yolk color and decreased egg yolk index, and decreased excretal $NH_3$-N concentration.