• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.393-417
• /
• 2015

In this paper an 8-node quadrilateral assumed stress hybrid Mindlin plate element with $39{\beta}$ is presented. The formulation is based on complementary energy principle. The proposed element is free of shear locking and is capable of passing all the patch tests, especially the non-zero constant shear enhanced patch test. To accomplish this purpose, special attention is devoted to selecting boundary displacement interpolation and stress approximation in domain. The arbitrary order Timoshenko beam function is successfully used to derive the boundary displacement interpolation. According to the equilibrium equations, an appropriate stress approximation is rationally derived. Particularly, in order to improve element's accuracy, the assumed stress field is derived by employing $39{\beta}$ rather than conventional $21{\beta}$. The resulting element can be adopted to analyze both moderately thick and thin plates, and the convergence for the very thin case can be ensured theoretically. Excellent element performance is demonstrated by a wide of experimental evaluations.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2022

A very complex task in deep learning such as image classification must be solved with the help of neural networks and activation functions. The backpropagation algorithm advances backward from the output layer towards the input layer, the gradients often get smaller and smaller and approach zero which eventually leaves the weights of the initial or lower layers nearly unchanged, as a result, the gradient descent never converges to the optimum. We propose a two-factor non-saturating activation functions known as Bea-Mish for machine learning applications in deep neural networks. Our method uses two factors, beta (𝛽) and alpha (𝛼), to normalize the area below the boundary in the Mish activation function and we regard these elements as Bea. Bea-Mish provide a clear understanding of the behaviors and conditions governing this regularization term can lead to a more principled approach for constructing better performing activation functions. We evaluate Bea-Mish results against Mish and Swish activation functions in various models and data sets. Empirical results show that our approach (Bea-Mish) outperforms native Mish using SqueezeNet backbone with an average precision (AP50val) of 2.51% in CIFAR-10 and top-1accuracy in ResNet-50 on ImageNet-1k. shows an improvement of 1.20%.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권10호
• /
• pp.432-441
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 대학생의 가족기능, 이성과의 친밀감 위험, 대학생활만족의 정도를 파악하고 각 변수 간 상관관계와 대학생활만족도에 미치는 영향요인을 규명할 목적으로 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 2017년 5월 11일부터 5월 20일 까지 지방에 소재한 2개의 4년제 종합 대학에 재학 중인 180명의 대학생을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 20.0을 이용하였으며, t-test, ANOVA, 상관관계 분석과 다중회귀 분석을 사용하고, 사후분석은 sheffe test로 분석하였다. 연구결과 대학생의 가족기능은 5점 만점에 평균 $3.07{\pm}0.44$점이었고, 이성과의 친밀감 위험은 4점 만점에 평균 $2.03{\pm}0.59$, 대학생활만족도 5점 만점에 평균 $3.20{\pm}0.50$이었다. 대학생활만족도는 일반적 특성 중 부모의 경제활동유형에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었고, 가족기능이 높을수록, 이성과의 친밀감 위험이 낮을수록 대학생의 대학생활만족도는 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 대학생활만족에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인은 가족기능의 하위변인인 가족의사소통(${\beta}=0.341$, p=.001), 부모의 경제활동유형(${\beta}=0.161$, p=.007)이었고 총 설명력은 13.1%였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 대학생의 대학생활만족도를 향상시키기 위하여 가족기능 중 가족의사소통을 향상시킬 필요가 있다.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2013

시간과 공간에 따라 변화하는 난류성분의 변동풍하중을 받는 고층건물의 경량화 및 연성화 현상은 고유진동수와 감쇠비를 적게함으로서 동적으로 매우 불리한 진동문제을 발생하게 되어, 변동풍하중을 받는 도심의 고층건물에 대한 동적해석의 중요성이 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 돌풍과 같이 짧은 시간동안에 통계적 성질이 변화하는 변동풍하중을 나타내기 위하여 정상불규칙 풍하중에 시간에 따라 변화하는 결정적함수(A(t) = 1-exp($-{\beta}t$))를 곱하여 나타냈고, 이러한 변동풍하중을 받는 고층건물에 대한 평균류방향의 동적변위응답해석은 진동이론으로부터 Time-dependent Response Spectral Density함수를 나타냈고, 진동함수를 포함하여 나타내는 Time-dependent Response Spectral Density의 진동수영역에 대한 적분의 해로부터 동적응답을 해석적으로 구하기 위하여 Contour적분에서 Cauchy의 적분정리와 잔유치 정리(residue theorem)에 의한 잔유치 적분으로부터 해석함수를 구했다. 해석 예에서 본 논문에서 구한 해석함수와 기존의 수치해석방법에 따른 결과를 비교 검토했고, 고층건물의 동적 특성에 따른 해석결과도 비교 검토했다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This research study not only examine the relationship between cognitive function, IADL, depression and quality of life, but also clarifies factors impacting quality of life for the elderly. The purpose of this study is to administer health promotion programs and to improve quality of life for the elderly. Methods: Data were collected from May 20, to June 10, 2014. The participants were 157 elderly persons with mild cognitive injury (MCI), who had under 23 points on MoCa-K from three different senior welfare centers in Daejeon. The questionnaires were conducted by four university students after receiving instruction from the researcher and consisted of general characteristics, cognitive function, depression and quality of life. SPSS WIN 19.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: Cognitive function showed positive correlation with quality of life (r=175, p=.028). IADL did not show correlation with quality of life (r=-.005, p=.947). However cognitive function(r=-.344, p<.001) and depression (r=-.623, p<.001) showed negative correlation with quality of life. In addition, the factors impacting quality of life were cognitive function (${\beta}=.14$, p=.29) and depression (${\beta}=-.61$, p<.001) which accounted for 39% of quality of life. Conclusion: These findings showed that the participants had depression and their cognitive function was low. As a result, the more participants' cognitive function decreased, the more their quality of life decreased. In addition, the more their depression decreased, the more their quality of life improved.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 2017

Gonadotropins are heterodimers consisting an alpha chain ($Cg{\alpha}$) and a beta chain. Interestingly, presence of complicated $LH-{\beta}$ transcripts in rat testis was accidently found; testicular $LH-{\beta}$ transcripts were confined in seminiferous tubules to spermatids, and the translated products were localized in the elongated spermatids. We hypothesized that mouse testis has potential to produce the tissue specific $LH-{\beta}$ with similar structure to the rat testicular forms. To verify our hypothesis, we examined the adult mouse (ICR) testis using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The PCR revealed the presence of the identical products in the reactions for three LH subunit types. The expected product sizes for mouse $Cg{\alpha}$ and $LH-{\beta}$ known as pituitary type were 224 bp and 503 bp, respectively. The testicular type $LH-{\beta}$ products were produced by a primer set based on the rat sequences, with unexpected size of 800 bp. Sequencing revealed that the proximal and distal parts (2-82 and 661- 773 bp, respectively) were homologous to rat testicular $LH-{\beta}$ cDNA, and middle part (83-660 bp) was a unique mouse-specific region. Both $Cg{\alpha}$ and $LH-{\beta}$ positive signals were in the round and elongated spermatids and mature sperms, and the $LH-{\beta}$ signals were more intense. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the presence and localization of the LH subunits in mouse testis. Further studies will be needed to understand the precise structure and function of mouse testicular LH.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 2019

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts is regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta ($C/EBP{\beta}$) has been proposed to function as a transcription factor and upregulate RANKL expression, but it is still uncertain how $C/EBP{\beta}$ is involved in 1,25D3-induced RANKL expression of osteoblasts. 1,25D3 stimulation increased the expression of RANKL and $C/EBP{\beta}$ genes in osteoblasts and enhanced phosphorylation and stability of these proteins. Moreover, induction of RANKL expression by 1,25D3 in osteoblasts was downregulated upon knockdown of $C/EBP{\beta}$. In contrast, $C/EBP{\beta}$ overexpression directly upregulated RANKL promoter activity and exhibited a synergistic effect on 1,25D3-induced RANKL expression. In particular, 1,25D3 treatment of osteoblasts increased $C/EBP{\beta}$ protein binding to the RANKL promoter. In conclusion, $C/EBP{\beta}$ is required for induction of RANKL by 1,25D3.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.619-630
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we obtain a (p, q)-extension of the Whittaker function $M_{k,{\mu}}(z)$ together with its integral representations, by using the extended confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind ${\Phi}_{p,q}(b;c;z)$ [recently extended by J. Choi]. Also, we give some of its main properties, namely the summation formula, a transformation formula, a Mellin transform, a differential formula and inequalities. In addition, our extension on Whittaker function finds interesting connection with the Laguerre polynomials.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.755-772
• /
• 2023

Our aim is to establish certain image formulas of the (p, q)-extended modified Bessel function of the second kind M_ν,p,q(z) by employing the Marichev-Saigo-Maeda fractional calculus (integral and differential) operators including their composition formulas and using certain integral transforms involving (p, q)-extended modified Bessel function of the second kind M_ν,p,q(z). Corresponding assertions for the Saigo's, Riemann-Liouville (R-L) and Erdélyi-Kober (E-K) fractional integral and differential operators are deduced. All the results are represented in terms of the Hadamard product of the (p, q)-extended modified Bessel function of the second kind M_ν,p,q(z) and Fox-Wright function _rΨ_s(z).

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.539-557
• /
• 1998

This article is concerned with the problem of estimating the mean of a one-parameter exponential family through sequential sampling in three stages under quadratic error loss. This more general framework differs from those considered by Hall (1981) and others. The differences are : (i) the estimator and the final stage sample size are dependent; and (ii) second order approximation of a continuously differentiable function of the final stage sample size permits evaluation of the asymptotic regret through higher order moments. In particular, the asymptotic regret can be expressed as a function of both the skewness $\rho$ and the kurtosis $\beta$ of the underlying distribution. The conditions on $\rho$ and $\beta$ for which negative regret is expected are discussed. Further results concerning the stopping variable N are also presented. We also supplement our theoretical findings wish simulation results to provide a feel for the triple sampling procedure presented in this study.