• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

Objective: This study analyzed the status of the application of trade secrets in MSDSs according to size and type of industry. The contents of the MSDS non-public approval policy are summarized. We suggest proactive improvement requirements related to the operation of the MSDS non-public approval policy. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers in such fields as organic chemical production. The trade secrets application status and ratio (%) of MSDSs by industry size and industry classification were investigated. Improvements toward a proactive system related to the operation of the MSDS non-public approval policy under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) were summarized. Results and Conclusions: According to the results, the trade secret ratio in MSDSs by industry size was 33% in workplaces with less than 50 employees, 23.1% in workplaces with more than 50 but less than 100 workers, 73% in workplaces with more than 100 workers, and 83.4% in workplaces with 300 or more workers. For the trade secret writing rate for MSDSs by industry, the highest was MOCCP (Manufacture of ink, paint, coating and similar products) at 80.9%. MOC (Manufacture of other chemicals) was the lowest at 16.2%. We propose four proactive efforts to minimize the administrative burden of implementation of the MSDS non-public approval policy. The results of this study can be used as basic data for policy improvements to make more effective use of MSDS.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to provide the valuable basic information that helps set the advanced direction of study in environmental pollution in the future. It classifies and analyzes 6, 531 papers according to their years, fields, and contents from 1962 to 1993 in Korea through Chunrian, a PC communication network, National Environment Research Institute(1989) in Seoul. Classifying papers by their fields, this study shows 19.6%(1, 281 papers) of total papers on water pollution, on which most emphasis was placed in the studies, 17.2%(1, 121 papers) on general remarks, 14.6%(952 papers) on environmental ecology, and 13.6%(891 papers) on air pollution. Classifying papers by their contents, this study tells us that the survey of state and evaluation of pollution degree took 28%(1, 829 papers) of total papers, and it seemed the most active study was carried out on this content. It then shows us that the treatment technology and mechanism shared 17.5%(1, 144 papers), and facilities and design took 1.9%(127 papers) which needed more studies in the future. As for the trends of study, the papers published until 1979 show that the water pollution accounted for 28.9% of total studies, on which the greatest emphasis was placed, while the papers in 1990s tell us that general remarks 34.7%, air pollution 14.9%, and water pollution 14.1%. It also shows that treatment technology and mechanism has had more importance since 1980s in water pollution, noise and vibration, waste materials, human wastes, and radioactive pollution. However, in sea pollution, policy and standard rather than treatment technology or method of measurement and analysis has been considered a more important one in 1990s. Analyzing the studies on general remarks, it tell us that the paper on environmental act, which were frequently conducted, accounted for 33.3% until 1979, while the papers on the environmental policy, in which the highest interest was kept, accounted 34.6% in 1990s. This study concludes that most papers had examined the survey on status and evaluation of pollution degree before 1980, while studies on solving the problems of environmental pollution have had more importance in the 1980s and 1990s. Therefore, in the future, more studies should be conducted actively on policy development to solve the problems of environment pollution as well as on encouragement of environmental consciousness.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.4 no.2 s.7
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• pp.61-90
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify and name clusters of school health program, and to describe some of the characteristics of administrative supports. The literature, materials and public documents were analysed by the chronological events from 1945 to 1989. The result of this study is as follows : 1. A brief summary of the history of school health program was included as an introduction to the analysis of the current programs of school health. Five current school health-program clusters were identified from findings of a study of programs ; 1) Physical assessment, laboratory examination and health services for the students, 2) health insturction 3) healthful living condition(environmental health), 4) health clinic management 5) administrative supports. 2. The earliest school-based efforts focused on communicable disease prevention by the ministry of health and social affairs. Annual medical inspection(health assessment) for school children for eyes, ears, nose, and throat were mandated nation-wide in 1951 by physical Assessment Act. 3. In 1979, the health instruction of schools to improve the health status of students was improved by health department in the Ministry of Education. 4. Experiences in healthful environment were basic components of the school health program. However, without careful planning and supervision these experiences were not contributed to the goal of school health. The formal program of school health environment were initiated in 1979. 5. In 1980, the guidelines of school health clinic management were prepared by Ministry of Education such as guidance of essential degrees and facilities in school health clinic. 6. Two patterns of administration of school health programs existed in Korea. In one the school health department operated its own health program and in the other the physical education department operated the health program within the school system. The school health department was established in Ministry of Education from 1979 to 1982. Improved school health programs will be a key element in the comprehensive national child health policy whic I will ask the Ministry of Education to develop for the Department.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.86-97
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• 2011

This study analyzed the necessity of the tentatively-named "Framework Act on Landscape Architecture" as an umbrella law in the field of landscape architecture regarding legal, industrial, and academic aspects and is intended to provide basic data to suggest the optimal legal system and legislative proceedings to control it. This study can be summarized as follows: First, a form of framework act on landscape architecture is appropriate for a compromise between ideal type and political framework. Some content is suitable for proclamatory character including present and future issue related to the landscape architecture fields. Second, legislative proceedings are more reasonable as motions coming from assembly proposals rather than government. Motions by assembly proposal recommend the following procedure: submission of a legislative bill by an assemblyperson, passing of a permanent commission, review by government, leading approval by emphasis on correspondence with the principle to carry out government affairs, proclamation. Third, a frame based on content and form can be made up of a total of 7 chapters 34 articles. The function must include the following: the suggestion of direction for government policy, the systematization of the institution and what it includes, the control of government administration, a public service system regarding public relations for landscape architecture and so on. The results of this study will form a social consensus about the necessity of a framework act regarding landscape architecture fields and contribute to informing the importance of landscape architecture as related to other industrial fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

For policies and actions associated promotion of social and environmental benefits of forest in Korea, various polices have been progressed based on newly established ordinances along with full progresses of subdivision of the Forest Law since reorganization of regulatory system by functions focused on the Basic Forestry Act. In these policies, water resource conserving function and national land conserving function which have little close relation to the people's daily life including formation of forest for conservation of water supply and erosion control have continued to be promoted since 1970s. Especially in recently years, the policy of biodiversity conserving function according to importance of health and recreation function and conservation management of forest ecosystem and animal and plant are being promoted actively. Among them, the health and recreation functions is featured for various policies to be promoted in spite of small budget for responding actively to various forest recreation demands after settlement of 5-day workweek system. It seems because the health and recreation function could obtain visible results of governmental investment and high responses from the peoples as a function having close relationship with the people's daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.36-61
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify and name clusters of school health program, and to describe some of the characteristics of administratie supports. The literature, materials and public documents were analysed by the chronological events from 1945 to 1989. The result of this study is as follows : 1. A brief summary of the history of school health program was included as an introduction to the analysis of the current programs of school health. Five current school health-program clusters were identified from findings of a study of programs : 1) physical assessment, laboratory examination and health services for the students, 2) health instruction 3) healthful living condition (environmental health), 4) health clinic management, 5) administrative supports. 2. The earliest school- based efforts focused on communicable disease pevention by the ministry of health and social affairs. Annual medical inspection (health assessment) for school children for eyes, ears, nose, and throat were mandated nation-wide in 1951 by physical assessment Act. 3. In 1979, the health instruction of schools to improve the health status of students was improved by health department in the Ministry of Education 4. Experiences in healthful environment were basic components of the school health program. However, without careful planning and supervision these experiences were not contributed to the goal of school health. The formal program of school health environment were initiated in 1979 5. In 1980, the guidelines of school health clinic management were prepared by Ministry of Education such as guidance of essential degrees and facilities in school health clinic. 6. Two patterns of administration of school health programs existed in Korea. In one the school health department operated its own health program and in the other the physical education department operated the health program within the school system. The school health department was established in Ministry of Education from 1979 to 1982. Improved school health programs will be a key element in the comprehensive national child health policy which I will ask the Ministry of Education to develop for the Department.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.95-124
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• 2009

This study aims to introduce greenhouse gas emission trading in Korea as a highly cost-effective mechanism for controlling emissions. The Basic Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth will cover methods of emissions allocation, national inventory, and trading systems (i.e. emissions trading platforms, national registry,and clearing and settlement platforms). The Korean emission scheme will be based on the Korean Climate Change Act proposed by the National Assembly and Government with a cap-and-trade scheme. The national allowances will be allocated by the hybrid system. To establish the national inventory, TRADEMARKS (Telemetering System) and emissions factors are effective for greenhouse gas emissions measurement. It will likewise be effective for the national registry to be implemented via a Korean Integrated Registry, the emissions trading platform via the KRX (Korean Exchange), and the clearing and settlement platform via the KSD (Korean Securities Depository). In other words, the KRX will manage product development and marketing for Korean Carbon Financial Instruments (including commodities, futures, and options contracts) listed and admitted to trading on the KRX. All emissions trades will be standardized and cleared by the KSD.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2021

International organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation, and major developed countries recognize the seriousness of air pollution. International organizations such as the International Maritime Organization have also implemented various regulations to reduce air pollution from ships. In line with this international trend, the government has also enacted a special law on improving air quality in port areas, and is making efforts to reduce air pollution caused by ports. The purpose of the Special Act is to implement comprehensive policies to improve air quality in port areas. This study sought to identify the emissions of each source of air pollutants originating from the port and prepare basic data on setting the policy priorities. To this end, the analysis was conducted in six categories: ships, vehicles, loading and unloading equipment, railways, unloading/wild ash dust, road ash dust, and the methodology presented by the European Environment Agency(EEA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). The pollutants subject to analysis were analyzed for carbon monoxide(CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur oxides(SOX), total airborne materials(TSP), particulate matter(PM10, PM2.5), and ammonia(NH3). The analysis showed a total of 7,122 tons of emissions. By substance, NOX accounted for the largest portion of 5,084 tons, followed by CO (984 tons), SOX (530 tons), and TSP (335 tons). By source of emissions, ships accounted for the largest portion with 4,107 tons, followed by vehicles with 2,622 tons, showing high emissions. This proved to be the main cause of port air pollution, with 57.6% and 36.8% of total emissions, respectively, suggesting the need for countermeasures against these sources.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.50-64
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• 2019

According to the Maritime Safety Act, there are all 34 routes including 5 traffic safety zones, 3 traffic separation schemes, 26 routes designated by regional maritime affairs departments in the Republic of Korea. In the SOLAS convention, the route information should be is effectively used for the safe navigation. However, the route information is complicatedly composed of the location of the route, the navigation rule by each route, the restriction of the navigation, and the anchorages. Moreover, the present method of providing information using the navigational chart and other publications is not effective for users to grasp the navigational information. Therefore, it was conducted to study the design of the S-100 based routing information data model developed by the International Hydrographic Organization to find ways to more effectively provide route information. To do this, the analysis of route requirement, selection of items, encoding test and users' review were carried out. Through expert user review, it was evaluated that the study on the design of the route information data model can be utilized as a good basic data for the route information integration service. Future research on the development of route information data models is expected to provide integrated route information services.