• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1063-1079
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• 2017

Two standard Bessel sequences in a Hilbert $C^*$-module are approximately duals if the distance (with respect to the norm) between the identity operator on the Hilbert $C^*$-module and the operator constructed by the composition of the synthesis and analysis operators of these Bessel sequences is strictly less than one. In this paper, we introduce (a, m)-approximate duality using the distance between the identity operator and the operator defined by multiplying the Bessel multiplier with symbol m by an element a in the center of the $C^*$-algebra. We show that approximate duals are special cases of (a, m)-approximate duals and we generalize some of the important results obtained for approximate duals to (a, m)-approximate duals. Especially we study perturbations of (a, m)-approximate duals and (a, m)-approximate duals of modular Riesz bases.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Meles moles application as an edible functional food resource. This study was conducted to estimate the general nutrition composition, amino acid and minerals contents, fatty acid composition of Meles meles oil and the added fermented medicinal herbs liquid, and examine the cell toxicity effects in normal liver and kidney cells. The approximate composition of Meles moles oil was crude fat, 97.64％, crude ash, 1.99％ and crude protein, 0.37％. In the fermented liquid, the approximate composition was moisture, 96.08％, Carbohydrate, 1.53％, crude ash, 0.92％, dietary fiber, 0.65％, crude protein, 0.54％ and crude fat, 0.28％. The amino acid contents were 2.67 and 80.9mg％ in the oil and liquid, respectively. The singularity of the unsaturated fatty acid contents attracted our attention. Especially, the polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions were 32.28 and 54.98％ in oil and liquid, respectively. Negative effects were not found form the results of the cell toxicity respection. These results imply that Meles effects oil and the added fermented medicinal herbs liquid can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2012

In this paper, we developed the composition system that it can efficiently edit camera recording data, images, office document such as powerpoint data, MS word data etc in real-time and broadcasting system that the file is made by the composition system. In this Study, we developed two kinds of algorithm; Approximate Composition for Optimization (ACFO) and Sequence Composition using Memory Que (SCUMQ). Especially, the system is inexpensive and useful because the system is based on mobile devices and PCs when lectures hope to make video institutional contents. Therefore, it can be contributed for e-learning and m-learning. In addition, the system can be applied to various fields, different kinds of multimedia creation, remote conferencing, and e-commerce.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.134-137
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• 2002

Approximate composition and physicochemical properties of 2 cultivars of plum (P. salicina), Humoosa and Daeseok, were examined. The contents of crude fat and N-free extract were different between 2 cultivars. Total mineral contents of Humoosa and Daeseok were 30.00 and 17.99% respectively, and S, K and Mg were major minerals in both cultivars. Humoosa has higher contents of fructose whereas Daeseok has higher contents of sucrose. Major organic acid in flesh was malic acid. While citric acid was major organic acid in the peel of Humoosa, malic acid was major in the peel of Daeseok. Glutamic acid, alanine and ${\gamma}-aminoisobutyric$ acid were major free amino acid in both cultivars and their total contents were about the same.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2009

The principle objective of this study was to determine the approximate composition of cucumber-hot pepper pickles under 3 conducted. In the stored cucumber-pepper samples, the approximate composition was characterized by a relative increase in protein content as compared to commercial cucumber-pepper samples, although other compositional components, such as ash and lipid contents, remained unchanged. Increases in storage time resulted in a reduction in the strength and hardness of the samples. Cucumber-pepper pickles stored for 15 days at a temperature of -4$^{\circ}$C evidenced the best overall acceptability in the sensory test.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.5
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• pp.323-328
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• 2011

For content-based image retrieval, the earth mover's distance and the optimal color composition distance are proposed to measure the dissimilarity. Although providing good retrieval results, both methods are too time-consuming to be used in a large image database. To solve the problem, we propose a new distance function that calculates an approximate earth mover's distance in linear time. To calculate the dissimilarity in linear time, the proposed approach employs the space-filling curve. We have performed extensive experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results reveal that our approach achieves almost the same results with the EMD in linear time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.554-559
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• 2011

To measure the proximate composition and mineral content of laver Porphyra yezoensis, we collected 30 raw and 30 dried laver from the major production area of the south coast of Korea (Busan, Goheung, Haenam, Wando). The approximate composition of a 100 g edible portion of raw laver was $89.9{\pm}1.4$ g moisture, $3.7{\pm}1.0$ g protein, $0.5{\pm}0.2$ g lipids, $2.1{\pm}1.8$ g carbohydrate and $3.9{\pm}0.6$ g ash. The approximate composition of a 100 g portion of dried laver was $8.9{\pm}1.6$ g moisture, $31.5{\pm}6.5$ g protein, $1.9{\pm}0.3$ g lipids, $48.4{\pm}6.5$ g carbohydrate and $9.3{\pm}1.1$ g ash. No clear regional variation in laver composition was observed. The mineral content of laver was expressed as dry weight. The mean macro mineral content per 100 g portion of raw laver was (in descending order): K ($1,979{\pm}863.0$ mg), Na ($1,063.2{\pm}498.8$ mg), P ($658.7{\pm}101.8$ mg), Mg ($432.3{\pm}83.5$ mg) and Ca ($394.2{\pm}136.5$ mg). In comparison, the mean micro mineral content of raw laver was (in descending order): Fe ($243.72{\pm}154.75\;{\mu}g/g$), Zn ($72.76{\pm}30.61\;{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($41.53{\pm}15.33\;{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($4.16{\pm}1.66\;{\mu}g/g$) and Ni ($0.43{\pm}0.70\;{\mu}g/g$) No clear regional variation in the mineral content of laver was observed; however, raw laver contained a higher mineral content than dried laver.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to find out the pattern of Ger form, inner spatial composition of Mongolian Ger house, and to take a dig at the structural or symbolic elements of nomadic architecture of Ger. To the point of view of corresponding to living and space of housing, remarkable characteristics of Ger Architecture is able to pull down and recombine the structures of nomadic house. Even though urbanization of Mongolia has spreading rapidly in a whole nation, most of people preserves traditional housing pattern within Ger. The ways of survey are to study of traditional home of Mongolia, and then field work at residence or mountain area in Ulan Bator and Gorkhi Terelj National Park area. This survey contains the form, size, structure, spatial composition of living space, structure, and materials. There are three results as follows: First, the form of Ger house is like a pyramidal or crown roof style to approximate to the round shape of it. Usually they had lived in nomadic way of life, so the Ger had a movable and flexible structure. Second, the Ger is easy to build up and deconstruct to move or find a new pasture. Third, the Mongolian Ger structure is composed by mainly five elements that are Khana, Khaalga, Toono, Bagana, and Uni. It has a hierarchy of internal spaces which are classified to gender, orientation, and property.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2004

Alkaline cellulolytic enzymes from cultured medium of Coprinus cinereus 2249 were purified with gel and ion-exchange chromatography and characteristics of those enzyme proteins were investigated. A fiber length distribution and a crystallinity of cellulose and sugar composition of enzyme treated Mixed Office Wastepaper(MOW) and Unbleached Kraft Pulp(UKP) were analysed. The conclusion could summarized as follows; \circled1 Alkaline and acidic, endo- and exo-glucanases were purified from cultured medium of Coprinus cinereus 2249. \circled2 The approximate molecular weight of alkaline endo-glucanase was 42 kDa, and also that of alkaline exo-glucanase was 50 kDa. A fiber length distribution and a crystallization of cellulose and sugar composition of enzyme treated MOW and UKP were not so much changed with original paper and pulp.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.563-570
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• 1993

Spherical, monosized gadolinium compound was prepared by the reaction of Gd(NO3)3 solution with decomposition products of urea in the solution at evaluated temperature. Chemical composition and calcination characteristics of spherical gadolinium compound prepared were investigated by X-ray IR and TG-DTA. The approximate chemical composition of the spherical particle precipitated was Gd(OH)CO3.1.5H2O. Gd(OH)CO3.1.5H2O was calcined to monoclinic type Gd2O3 at 115$0^{\circ}C$ via cubic type Gd2O3 near $600^{\circ}C$. The effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, concentration ratio of urea to gadolinium precusor, ageing time, and others material (CCl3COOH and HOCNH2) in stead of urea as precipitating agent on the properties of the resulting precipitates were studied systematically.