• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.235-246
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• 2018

Paeony has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, central inhibitory, gastric secretion inhibition, and antispasmodic activities. In addition, its antioxidant activity and whitening effect being reported, thus it is being explored as raw materials for cosmetics. We compared the changes in the contents of paeoniflorin and paeonol in Peony extracts, depending on the changes of extracting solvents, temperature and time. The HPLC method was set up for simultaneous analysis, the system suitabilities were confirmed by using the calibration curves and the QC samples for each assay batch. Paeonol was detected only in roots, and paeoniflorin was higher in leaf and flower than root. Higher concentrations of both ingredients were extracted when the root was used after grinding to a suitable size, and when 30% 1,3-butylene glycol was used as the extraction solvent. Also the concentrations tended to increase at higher temperature and longer time, but the increase was gradual at over $75^{\circ}C$ and 4 hours. The ratio of root, leaf and flower was determined to be 2+2+1g/0.5kg of batch, reaching the contents criteria of paeoniflorin and paeonol. Finally, we selected as the best extraction condition when the raw materials are mixed with 2+2+1g/0.5kg and extracted with 30% 1,3-butylene glycol as an extraction solvent at $75^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, considering both the concentrations of two components and the cost of raw materials and manufacturing process, The extraction units were scaled up to 10 kg under this condition.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase and components of Castanea crenata leaf were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract / fractions of Castanea crenata left was in the order: 50% ethanol extract ($13.6{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (6.2) < aglycone fraction (2.1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$ of extract / fractions from Castanea crenata leaf extract / fractions on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was in the order: aglycone fraction (0.8) < 50% ethanol extract (0.5) < ethyl acetate fraction (0.3). The scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ for ${O_2}^{{\cdot}\;-}$ (superoxide anion radical) generated by NBT method was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction (145.5) < aglycone fraction (65.5). The protective effects on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$, $191.9{\pm}12.2\;min$ at $10{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($9.1{\mu}g/mL$) on elastase was higher than oleanolic and ($13.7{\mu}g/mL$). And the inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($21.6{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase was higher than arbutin ($226.2{\mu}g/mL$). But 50% ethanol extract rarely exhibited the inhibitory activity on tryosinase and elastase. Flavonoids were contained in Castanea crenata left (96.3 mg / 100 g dried Castanea crenata leaf). And flavonoids contained in ethyl acetate fraction were kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and so on. Quercitrin is the most abundant component. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Castanea crenata can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging free radical and ROS, Castanea crenata leaf extract/ fractions could be used as new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2017

Myelophycus simplex Papenfuss, a type of brown algae, is known to be majorly distributed in along the southern coast of Korea and Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of M. simplex Papenfuss methanol extract (MSPME) on melanogenesis in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Melanin contents of B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by 27, 41, and 59% in a dose-dependent manner, upon MSPME treatment at 100, 300, and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Tyrosinase activities in B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by 18, 49, and 61% in a dose-dependent manner, upon MSPME treatment at 100, 300, and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. MSPME suppressed expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase-related protein-2, and melanocyte-inducing transcription factor in B16F10 melanoma cells. Concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ of MSPME especially induced greater decreases in tyrosinase activity, melanin contents, and melanogenic enzyme protein expressions. This results indicate that MSPME inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, and M. simplex Papenfuss extract may be an ideal candidate as a skin whitening agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.858-864
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• 2011

The phenolic compounds of walnut extracts by various solvents were shown to be 24.3 mg/g in hot water, 34.4 mg/g in ethanol, 32.5 mg/g in methanol and 15.1 mg/g in acetone. In a comparison of phenolic compounds from hot water and different concentrations of ethanol, which are harmless, 60% ethanol extract and hot water extract were 34.7 mg/g, 24.6 mg/g. The electron donating ability (EDA) of walnut extracts in hot water and 60% ethanol were 78.1% and 80.6%. According to ABTS radical cation decolorization for antioxidant activity, hot water and 60% ethanol extract showed high antioxidant activities of 98.1% and 98.3%. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) were $1.1{\pm}0.2$ PF and $1.1{\pm}0.4$ PF in hot water and 60% ethanol extract. In TBARs inhibitory activity, each extract showed high antioxidant activities at 60% and 75%. Anti-inflammation effects of walnut extract were tested, and inhibition of NO was 50% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Inhibitory activity against iNOS and COX-2 were shown, through Western blot, to be 10% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Tyrosine inhibitory activity of 60% ethanol extract was 43%, and astringent effect of 60% ethanol extract was 55%. These results suggest that walnut extracts are suitable for functional cosmetics requiring skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2008

Prunus sargentii R. of Rosaceae familiy, has been reported to have radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory effect. On these facts, biological activity and safety test were conducted to evaluate biological activities of the extracts of P. sargentii R. as a potential pharmaceutical ingredient. The electron donating ability of its ethanol extracts at a 500 ppm level showed 92%, which was higher than that of hot water extract (59%), the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of the water extract of P. sargentii R. was about 50%, the ethanol extract of P. sargentii R. was about 40% at 1,000 ppm concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibition by the water extract of P. sargentii R. was about 40% and that by the ethanol extract was 60% respectively at 500 ppm concentration. From the measurement on lipid oxidation, the $Cu^{2+}$ chelating effect of the ethanol extract was higher than that of hot water extract. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect was also shown to be about 80% at a 500 ppm concentration in both hot water extract and ethanol extract. The tyrosinase inhibition effect related to skin-whitening was 26% by hot water extract and 20% by ethanol extract respectively at a 1,000 ppm. Hyaluronidase inhibition activity related to the anti-inflammation effect was 96% in ethanolic extract at a 500 ppm. Clear zones formed by P. sargentii R. against the human skin-resident micro-flora such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Propionibacterium acnes indicated that antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was higher than that of the hot water extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.943-949
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• 2012

The content phenolic compounds in extracts from Rehmannia glutinosa was the highest in 40% ethanol extracts as $5.1{\pm}0.2mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of R. glutinosa extracts was high in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 85~93%, ABTS radical cation decolorization of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts was about the same as 55~62%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was confirmed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 1.6~1.9 PF, and TBARs of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts were concluded to have the similar antioxidant effects. The hypertension inhibitory activity of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts from R. glutinosa indicated the activities as 87.2% and 81.1%, anti-gout activity was determined very low in R. glutinosa extracts and antimicrobial activity against skin microorgasm was confirmed, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined as 70.2% in 40% ethanol extracts, it was expected the whitening effects in 40% ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity which are related to the wrinkle cause was observed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 76.2% and 57.2%. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity to R. glutinosa extracts was observed weakly in only 40% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/ml$ phenolic content as 5.1%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5350-5355
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• 2012

Human tyrosinase (hTyr) catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of a skin color determinant, melanin. Although a number of cosmetic companies have tried to develop hTyr inhibitors for several decades, absence of 3D structure of hTyr make it impossible to design or screen inhibitors by structure-based approach. Therefore, we built a 3D structure by comparative modeling technique based on the crystal structure of tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium to provide structural information and to search new hit compounds from database. Our model revealed that two copper atoms of active site located deep inside and were coordinated with six strictly conserved histidine residues coming from four-helix-bundle. Substrate binding site had narrow funnel like shape and its entrance was wide and exposed to solvent. In addition, hTyr-tyrosine and hTyr-kojic acid, a well-known inhibitor, complexes were modeled with the guide of solvent accessible surface generated by in-house software. Our model demonstrated that only phenol group or its analogs could fill the binding site near the nuclear copper center, because inside of binding site had narrow shape relatively. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide helpful information for designing and screening new anti-melanogenic agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the ehanol extracts of Sophora japonica L. (S. japonica). flowers, fruits and branches on skin enhancement with assessing anti-oxidative, whitening, and wrinkle enhancement effects. Results showed that l,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were $17.68{\pm}1.59{\sim}51.40{\pm}1.04$, $27.48{\pm}0.22{\sim}50.89{\pm}0.13$ and $30.79{\pm}0.55{\sim}45.17{\pm}0.83%$, respectively, in 50~1,000 mg/L of concentrations. The capacities of inhibiting tyrosinase of ethanol extracts from S. japonica. flowers, fruits and branches were $0.27{\pm}0.12{\sim}11.38{\pm}0.57$, $0.27{\pm}0.02{\sim}0.82{\pm}0.27$ and $0.09{\pm}0.16{\sim}0.55{\pm}0.27%$, respectively. The capacities of preventing porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) were $3.70{\pm}1.23{\sim}7.28{\pm}1.01$, $3.06{\pm}2.13{\sim}13.03{\pm}2.99$ and $6.00{\pm}0.96{\sim}9.71{\pm}0.44%$, respectively, in the case of 50~1,000 mg/L of concentrations. It is concluded that the effects of S. japonica. flowers, fruits and branches on skin improvement are varied significantly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2012

Microbulbifer sp. was used to acquire the degrading products from Ecklonia cava (DPEC) and the products were investigated to determine the physiological activities. Firstly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay were about 84.1% and 89.6% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, nitrite scavenging ability was shown to be 56.3% at 0.5 mg/ml on pH 1.2. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 58.7% at 2.5 mg/ml. To determine the influence of DPEC on alcohol metabolism, the generating activity of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. Facilitating rates of ADH and ALDH activities by DPEC were 123.3% and 215.2% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. For analyses of anti-wrinkling and whitening effects, its elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were measured and were about 73.1% and 42.2% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. These results indicated that DPEC has valuable biological attributes owing to its antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and alcohol metabolizing activities and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

An anti-aging compound ethyl (4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate) rapidly crystallizes in emulsion systems, and a flavonoid 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone bearing a whitening function causes coloration of cosmetic compounds when mixed with metal oxides. In this study, an electrospray method was used to encapsulate water-insoluble bioactive compounds in polymeric microparticles. Poly (methyl methacrylate) and polycaprolactone were used to encapsulate ethyl (4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone, respectively. It was found that polymer concentration, the structure of electrospray nozzle, and compatibility between polymers and bioactive compounds were important factors in the preparation of the particles. Polycaprolactone particles encapsulating 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone was effective in preventing coloration of a cosmetic compound when mixed with metal oxides.