• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 2005

Incomplete removal of bacteria contaminated dentin or enamel associated with caries is a potential problem in restorative dentistry Secondary or residual caries, pulpal inflammation and hypersensitivity may result from bacteria left after the initial preparation, especially if an adequate seal against microleakage is not obtained. A possible solution to eliminate residual bacteria left in a cavity preparation would be to treat the cavity with cavity disinfectant wash. But a potential problem with using a cavity disinfectant with dentin bonding agents could be their interference with the ability of the resin to bond to the tooth micromechanically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine containing cavity disinfectant ($Consepsis^{(R)}$) on shear bond strength and microleakage of dentin bonding agents, $Adper ^{TM}$ $Scotchbond^{TM}$ Multi-Purpose, $Adper^{TM}$ Single Bond and $Adper^{TM}\;Prompt^{TM}\; L-Pop^{TM}$ Sixty and sixty sound human third molar teeth, respectively, were used for shear bond strength and microleakage test. For experimental group, cavity disinfectant was applied before dentin bonding agents, and was not applied for the control group. The result from the this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. Use of 2% chlorhexidine containing cavity disinfectant($Consepsis^{(R)}$) does not significantly affect the shear bond strength of dentin bonding agents. 2. Use of 2% chlorhexidine containing cavity disinfectant($Consepsis^{(R)}$) does not significantly affect the microleakage of dentin bonding agents.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research was to collect basic data to develop a project of oral health that fits for particularity for parent cooperating daycare facilities for infants and children. For this purpose, we gave out the self administrated surveys to the teachers at parent cooperating daycare facilities, and analyzed surveys made by teachers. The results of this research could be summarized as follows ;1.The snacks and drinks provided by parent cooperating daycare center tend to provide more non-cariogenic snacks and drinks such as fruit, vegetables and fruit juice. 2. Activities related to dental health was done in parents corporative daycare center are: Children participate in the activities and training related to food (87.9%), catering staff receive education about nutrition (78.2%), avoiding sugary food at a birthday party (74.0%), annual dental health check-up by a dentist (33.5%). 3. 88.9% of teachers agreed parents' involvement of developing policies of oral health. 4. The percentages of guiding principles based on documentation in the topic of the oral heath were: Involving parents in the formation of the pre-school group's health policy (47.8%), advising the needs of a child for dental service to parents (44.9%), coping with a situation where a child injured his or her teeth (44.9%).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.779-797
• /
• 1996

The present study investigated the effects of variations in decalcification time of demineralized freeze-dried bone on the osteogenic potential of DFDB. Sixteen 3-wall intrabony defects with 4mm depth were surgically created in the mesial aspect of upper and lower anterior teeth of 4 dogs. Following the flap procedure, three test groups with 4 defects each received either freeze-dried bone graft (Group I), demineralized freeze-dried bone graft decalcified for 12hours (Group II), or demineralized freeze-dried bone graft decalcified for 24hours(Group III). The rest of the four defects received the flap procedure-only as the control group. The healing was histologically analyzed after 14 weeks on the length of connective tissue adhesion, new bone formation and new cementum formation. The results were as follows: 1. The length of connective tissue adhesion showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.62{\pm}0.14mm$ for Control, $0.42{\pm}0.11mm$ for Group I, $0.63{\pm}0.43mm$ for Group II and $0.52{\pm}0.11mm$ for Group III. 2. The new bone formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $3.17{\pm}0.24mm$ for Control. $3.15{\pm}0.56mm$ for Group I. $3.22{\pm}0.36mm$ for Group II, and $3.28{\pm}0.74mm$ for Group III. 3. The new cementum formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $4.19{\pm}0.46mm$ for Control, $3.23{\pm}0.64mm$ for Group I, $4.13{\pm}1.82mm$ for Group II. and $3.13{\pm}0.62mm$ for Group III.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 1989

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the degree of the marginal leakage of class V cavities with 4 brands of esthetic filling materials by means of the dye penetration at the enamel & dentinal margins. 160 cavities of class V were prepared on the buccal & lingual surfaces of 80 extracted premolar teeth, which divided into 4 groups. The four groups of cavities were filled with Durafill$^{(R)}$-Durafill bond$^{(R)}$(KuIzer & Co GmbH), Bisfil M$^{(R)}$-Resin bond$^{(R)}$(BISCO Inc.), Silux$^{(R)}$-Scotchbond$^{(R)}$(3M Co.) and Fuji ionomer$^{(R)}$(type II, G-C Co.) each. All specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ after a 30-second thermocycling at $4^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ and longitudinally sectioned with diamond disk into two parts. The results were as follows : 1. At enamel margins, the group filled with Durafill$^{(R)}$-Durafill bond$^{(R)}$, Bisfil M$^{(R)}$-Resin bond$^{(R)}$ and Silux$^{(R)}$-Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ show no significant difference each other(p>0.05), and the above groups show less marginal leakage comparing with the group filled with Fuji ionomer$^{(R)}$(p<0.01). 2. At dentinal margins, the group filled with Silux$^{(R)}$-Scotchbond$^{(R)}$ or Fuji ionomer$^{(R)}$ show less marginal leakage than that with Durafill$^{(R)}$-Durafill bond$^{(R)}$ or Bisfil M$^{(R)}$-Resin bond$^{(R)}$(p<0.01). 3. The enamel margins show less marginal leakage than dentinal margins in all the class V cavities(p<0.01).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.34 no.2 s.103
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2004

Information on the limits of treatment could allow for more rational treatment Planning and better results after treatment. From this point of view, this article has attempted to discuss the limits of orthodontic tooth movement. A relatively wider range of tooth movement is expected after Class III surgical-orthodontics than after conventional orthodontic treatment in general. The purposes of this Paper were: first, to evaluate the reliability of teeth position measuring gauge; and second, to elucidate the limits of orthodontic tooth movement. Dental casts of fifty-fine subjects were analyzed by using Set-up model checker (InVisitec Co., Korea) before and aster the Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment. The changes of maxillary and mandibular dental arch widths were also measured from the canines to the second molars. To test the inter-examiner reliability, randomly selected casts were measured by another examiner. Descriptive statistics and paired t tests were used to explain the tooth movement during treatment. The results showed a relatively good reliability of measuring instruments and a very diverse range of tooth movement. Collective changes by the orthodontic tooth movement evaluated in Class III surgical-orthodontics allowed for a suggestive interpretation of specific treatment patterns. Arch width changes during the inter-arch coordination were mainly the result of tipping in both buccal segments. Based on the results of this study, the possibility of a change in dentition as a result of orthodontic treatment should be understood in order to launch a well-organized plan of treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to see the effect of TiN ion-plating on the bond strength of orthodontic bracket. Three stainless-steel brackets with different base types were chosen; when TiN ion-plated brackets and non iorrplated brackets were bonded to the teeth, initial and long-term bond strength were measured, The observations oi bonding surface and failure sites through the scanning electron microscope were analysed and compared. The summary of this study was as follows; ${\cdot}$ When TiN ion-plating was not applied, the Micro-Loc type was the highest in bond strength atter 24 hours as $5.89{\pm}1.77$ MPa, followed by $4,27{\pm}1.12MPa$ for Foil Mesh type and $2.64{\pm}0.58MPa$ for Undercut type(P<0.05). ${\cdot}$ Under TiN ion-plating, the bond strength after 24 hours showed: Micro-Loc type $-6.26{\pm}1.51MPa$, Foil Mesh type $-7.45{\pm}2.01MPa$, Undercut type $-2.93{\pm}0.84MPa$. Unlike in the case of non ion-plating, Foil Mesh type showed a higher strength than Micro-Loc type, with Undercut type still showing the lowest bond strength(P<0.05). The bond strength, after 24 hours, increased in case of ion-plated in all 3 types, but a significant increase was shown only in Foil Mesh type(P<0.001). ${\cdot}$ Under a long-term immersion, regardless of ion or non ion-plating, bond strength in general increased over the initial bond strength(one day), with more stability. ${\cdot}$ Through scanning electron microscopic observation of bonding surface, it was found that, regardless of the bracket base type or the application of ion-plating, the resin was thoroughly spreaded into bracket base to form a solid bonding surface between the bracket and the tooth. This was also true in case of a long-term immersion. ${\cdot}$ The scanning electron microscopic observation of failure sites revealed diverse failure patterns.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.300-311
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the effect of different bonding systems and retention grooves on the clinical performance of resin restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Thirty-nine healthy adults who had at least 2 NCCLs in their premolar areas were included in this study. One hundred and fifty teeth were equally assigned to six groups: (A) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, 4th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (B) SBMP with retention grooves; (C) BC Plus (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea, 5th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (D) BC Plus with retention grooves; (E) Adper Prompt (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 6th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (F) Adper Prompt with retention grooves. All cavities were filled with a hybrid composite resin. Denfil (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea) by one operator. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month recall, according to the modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) criteria. Additionally, clinical photographs were taken and epoxy resin replicas were made for SEM evaluation. At 6-month recall, there were some differences in the number of alpha ratings among the experimental groups. But, despite the differences in the number of alpha ratings, there was no significant difference among the 3 adhesive systems (p < 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups with or without mechanical retention (p < 0.05). Follow-ups for longer periods than 6 months are needed to verify the clinical performance of different bonding systems and retention grooves.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.409-419
• /
• 2008

Statement of problem: At all times people have tried to fabricate tooth restorations using tooth colored materials. Recently, demands for esthetics, even in restorations requiring strength, has brought a revolution to dentistry and increased use of zirconia. The basic color of zirconia is white to ivory. The color can be partially adapted by veneering it with ceramic materials. However, it would be better if the substructure could already be adapted to the basic color shade of neighboring teeth. By adaptation to the basic shade, it can help to reduce the necessary layer thickness of the veneer ceramic to achieve the desired color. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to spectrophotometrically evaluate the influence of shading of zirconia core on the final shade of all-ceramic restorations using the CIE $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ system. Material and methods: Core specimens (n = 20 per group) of Lava Frame Zirconia, KaVo Everest Zirconia, Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia were fabricated at 20 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness. Halves of each groups were shaded in A3 color. These core specimens were veneered with A3 porcelain of the recommended manufacturer at thickness of 0.5 mm. CIE $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ coordinates were recorded for each specimen with a spectrophotometer (Model CM-2600d, Minolta, Japan) at 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm in thickness. Color differences were calculated using the equation ${\Delta}E^{*}=[({\Delta}L^{*})2+({\Delta}a^{*})2+({\Delta}b^{*})2]1/2$. Results: 1. In the case where porcelain layer has a thickness of 0.5 mm, Lava Frame Zirconia and KaVo Everest group did not show clinically perceived color difference, however Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia group showed clinically perceived color difference according to shade allowed on core. 2. When the thickness of porcelain layer decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.4 mm, Lava Frame Zirconia and KaVo Everest group did not show clinically perceived color difference, on the other hand Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia group showed clinically perceived color difference according to shade allowed on core. 3. When the thickness of porcelain layer decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm, clinically perceived color differences were observed from all three groups. Conclusions: Ziroconia system, which is possible to allow shade on core, are thought to be much more favorable to reproduce natural shade compared to systems that is impossible to give shade. Therefore, clinicians ought to choose adequate system for certain clinical situation by considering above specific character.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 2009

This study was done to determine if there is any difference in microleakage between experimental composite resins, in which various proportions of three component photoinitiators (Camphoroquinone, OPPI, Amine) were included. Four kinds of experimental composite resin were made by mixing 3.2% silanated barium glass (78 wt.%, average size; 1 ${\mu}m$) with each monomer system including variously proportioned photoinitiator systems used for photoinitiating BisGMA/BisEMA/TEGDMA monomer blend (37.5:37.5:25 wt.%). The weight percentage of each component were as follows (in sequence Camphoroquinone, OPPI, Amine): Group A - 0.5%, 0%, 1% / Group B - 2%, 0.2%, 2% / Group C - 0.2%, 1%, 0.2% / Group D - 1%, 1%, 2%. Each composite resin was used as a filling material for round class V cavities (diameter: 2/3 of mesiodistal width; depth: 1.5 mm) made on extracted human premolars and they were polymerized using curing light unit (XL 2500, 3M ESPE) for 40 s with an intensity of 600 mW/$cm^2$. Teeth were thermocycled fivehundred times between $50^{\circ}C$and $550^{\circ}C$for 30s at each temperature. Electrical conductivity (${\mu}A$) was recorded two times (just after thermocycling and after three-month storage in saline solution) by electrochemical method. Microleakage scores of each group according to evaluation time were as follows [Group: at first record / at second record; unit (${\mu}A$)]: A: 3.80 (0.69) / 13.22 (4.48), B: 3.42 (1.33) / 18.84 (5.53), C: 4.18 (2.55) / 28.08 (7.75), D: 4.12 (1.86) / 7.41 (3.41). Just after thermocycling, there was no difference in microleakage between groups, however, group C showed the largest score after three-month storage. Although there seems to be no difference in microleakage between groups just after thermocycling, composite resin with highly concentrated initiation system or classical design (Camphoroquinone and Amine system) would be more desirable for minimizing microleakage after three-month storage.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The various suture techniques can be utilized in order to maximize the keratinized tissue healing around dental implants. The aim of this study is to compare the soft tissue healing pattern between two different suture techniques after implant placement. Materials and Methods: 15 patients with 18 implants were enrolled in this study. Simple implant placement without any additional bone graft was performed. Two different suture techniques were used to tug in the mobilized flap near the healing abutment after paramarginal flap design. Digital intraoral scan was performed at baseline, post-operation, stitch out, and 3 months after operation. The scan data were aligned using multiple points such as cusp, fossa of adjacent teeth, and/or healing abutment. After subtracting scan data at baseline with other time-point results, closed space indicating volume increment of peri-implant mucosa was selected. The volume of the close space was measured in mm³. The volume between two suture techniques at three time-points was compared using nonparametric rank-based analysis. Results: Healing was uneventful in both groups. Both suture technique groups showed increased soft tissue volume immediately after surgery. The amount of volume increment significantly decreased after 3 months (P < 0.001). Flap folding suture group showed higher median of volume increment than interrupted suture group after 3 months without any statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: After paramarginal flap reflection, the raised flaps stabilized by flap folding suture showed relatively higher volume maintenance after 3-month healing period. However, further studies are warranted.