• Title/Summary/Keyword: alginate encapsulation

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Encapsulation of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD with Alginate-Methylcellulose and Evaluation of Survival in Artificial Conditions of Large Intestine

  • Kim Cheon-Jei;Jun Song-Ae;Lee Na-Kyoung;Kim Kee-Tae;Lee Si-Kyung;Kim Chang-Han;Paik Hyun-Dong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.443-449
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    • 2006
  • Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD was studied for its increasing stability by encapsulation, using 2, 3, and 4% sodium alginate. In these cases, 3% alginate resulted in the maximum survival of B. polyfermenticus SCD in artificial gastric juice for 3 h. Effects of several biopolymers on the encapsulated B. polyfermenticus SCD by 3% sodium alginate were investigated. Encapsulation with 0.5% methylcellulose showed the highest survival rate for 3 h in artificial gastric juice. Therefore, the optimized encapsulation material was 3% alginate with 0.5% methylcellulose. Furthermore, the survival of encapsulated B. polyfermenticus SCD was shown to be 122%, when 1% bile salt was added. Freeze-dried encapsulation resulted in lower survival than with non-dried encapsulation. Therefore, encapsulation was the most effective when 3% sodium alginate was used with 0.5% methylcellulose, but without freeze-drying.

Production and Characterization of Beta-lactoglobulin/Alginate Nanoemulsion Containing Coenzyme Q10: Impact of Heat Treatment and Alginate Concentrate

  • Lee, Mee-Ryung;Choi, Ha-Neul;Ha, Ho-Kyung;Lee, Won-Jae
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2013
  • The aims of this research were to produce oil-in-water ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin/alginate (${\beta}$-lg/Al) nanoemulsions loaded with coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and to investigate the combined effects of heating temperature and alginate concentration on the physicochemical properties and encapsulation efficiency of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions. In ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions production, various heating temperatures (60, 65, and $70^{\circ}C$) and alginate concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%) were used. A transmission electron microscopy was used to observe morphologies of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions. Droplet size and zeta-potential values of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ were determined by electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer and HPLC, respectively. The spherically shaped ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions with the size of 169 to 220 nm were successfully formed. The heat treatments from 60 to $70^{\circ}C$ resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in droplet size, polydispersity, zeta-potential value of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions, and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. As alginate concentration was increased from 0 to 0.05%, there was an increase in the polydispersity index of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. This study demonstrates that heating temperature and alginate concentration had a major impact on the size, polydispersity, zeta-potential value and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ in ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions.

Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Encapsulation Process Using Pig Hepatocytes or Development of Bioartificial Liver

  • LEE , JI-HYUN;LEE, DOO-HOON;SON, JEONG-HWA;PARK, JUNG-KEUG;KIM, SUNG-KOO
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2005
  • Chitosan-alginate capsules were formed by electrostatic interactions and exhibited an appropriate mechanical strength, permeability, and stability for the culture of hepatocytes. Pig hepatocytes were isolated and hepatocyte spheroids formed and immobilized in chitosan-alginate capsules. An encapsulation procedure of 3 min and spheroid formation period of 24 h were the optimum conditions for the best liver functions. Pig hepatocytes with a cell density of $6.0{\tomes}10^6$ cells/ml in the capsules were found to be most suitable for application in a bioartificial liver support system. The encapsulated pig hepatocyte spheroids exhibited stable ammonia removal and urea secretion rates in a bioreactor for 2 weeks. Accordingly, chitosan-alginate encapsulated hepatocyte spheroids in a packed-bed bioreactor would appear to have potential as a bioartificial liver.

Evaluation of glycerol encapsulated with alginate and alginate-chitosan polymers in gut environment and its resistance to rumen microbial degradation

  • Gawad, Ramadan;Fellner, Vivek
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.72-81
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    • 2019
  • Objective: To determine the effect of gut pH and rumen microbial fermentation on glycerol encapsulated in alginate and alginate-chitosan polymers. Methods: Glycerol was encapsulated at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% (w/w) with sodium alginate (A) and alginate-chitosan (AC) polymers. Surface morphology and chemical modifications of the beads were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Encapsulation efficiency was determined at the 5% glycerol inclusion level in two experiments. In experiment 1, 0.5 g of alginate-glycerol (AG) and alginate-chitosan glycerol (ACG) beads were incubated for 2 h at $39^{\circ}C$ in pH 2 buffer followed by 24 h in pH 8 buffer to simulate gastric and intestinal conditions, respectively. In experiment 2, 0.5 g of AG and ACG beads were incubated in pH 6 buffer at $39^{\circ}C$ for 8 h to simulate rumen conditions. All incubations were replicated four times. Free glycerol content was determined using a spectrophotometer and used to assess loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. An in vitro experiment with mixed cultures of rumen microbes was conducted to determine effect of encapsulation on microbial fermentation. Data were analyzed according to a complete block design using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results: For AG and ACG, loading capacity and efficiency were 64.7%, 74.7%, 70.3%, and 78.1%, respectively. Based on the FTIR spectra and scanning electron microscopy, ACG treatment demonstrated more intense and stronger ionic bonds. At pH 6, 36.1% and 29.7% of glycerol was released from AG and ACG, respectively. At pH 2 minimal glycerol was released but pH 8 resulted in 95.7% and 93.9% of glycerol released from AG and ACG, respectively. In vitro microbial data show reduced (p<0.05) fermentation of encapsulated glycerol after 24 h of incubation. Conclusion: The AC polymer provided greater protection in acidic pH with a gradual release of intact glycerol when exposed to an alkaline pH.

Microencapsulation of Fish Oil by Low-molecular Weight Sodium Alginate (저분자 알긴산을 이용한 fish oil의 microencapsulation)

  • Cho, Min;Kim, Byung-Yong;Baik, Moo-Yeol;Rhim, Jong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.730-735
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    • 2005
  • Possibility of using low-molecular weight alginate as a wall material for encapsulation of fish oil was investigated. Encapsulation yield increased with increasing calcium chloride concentration up to 5% and was maintained thereafter, whereas slightly increased with increasing sodium alginate concentration up to 1.25% and decreased dramatically thereafter; emulsifier concentration had no effect on encapsulation yield. Loading efficiency increased with increasing content of core material. Encapsulation yields of low- and high-molecular weight alginates were similar, indicating low-molecular weight alginate can be used as wall material for encapsulation of fish oil.

Evaluation of Bacillus velezensis for Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani in Bean by Alginate/Gelatin Encapsulation Supplemented with Nanoparticles

  • Moradi-Pour, Mojde;Saberi-Riseh, Roohallah;Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani, Keyvan;Mohammadinejad, Reza;Loit, Evelin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.31 no.10
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    • pp.1373-1382
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    • 2021
  • Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that can increase plant growth; but due to unfavorable environmental conditions, PGPR are biologically unstable and their survival rates in soil are limited. Therefore, the suitable application of PGPR as a plant growth stimulation is one of the significant challenges in agriculture. This study presents an intelligent formulation based on Bacillus velezensis VRU1 encapsulation enriched with nanoparticles that was able to control Rhizoctonia solani on the bean. The spherical structure of the capsule was observed based on the Scanning Electron Microscope image. Results indicated that with increasing gelatin concentration, the swelling ratio and moisture content were increased; and since the highest encapsulation efficiency and bacterial release were observed at a gelatin concentration of 1.5%, this concentration was considered in mixture with alginate for encapsulation. The application of this formulation which is based on encapsulation and nanotechnology appears to be a promising technique to deliver PGPR in soil and is more effective for plants.

Production of Dry-Type Artificial Seeds Using Alginate-Encapsulated Rice Somatic Embryos (벼 체세포배를 알긴산 캡슐에 넣어 제작한 건조형 인공종자)

  • 정원중;민성란;송남희;유장렬
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1995
  • Dry-type artificial seeds were produced by dehydrating alginate-encapsulated somatic embryos of lire. When placed on half- strength MS solid medium 20% of the artificial seeds dehydrated to the level of 80% water loss were capable of germination. Addition of 0.1 mg/L ABA to alginate solution before encapsulation enhanced the germination percentage of those dehydrated to the level of nil to 90% water loss by up to 1.7-folds. The results suggest that ABA may enable somatic embryos to overcome physical and/or physiological restraint by encapsulation and dehydration.

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Encapsulation of Agro-Probiotics for Promoting Viable Cell Activity (생균력 증진을 위한 농업용 미생물제 미세캡슐화)

  • Choi, So-Young;Yoon, Min-Ho;Whang, Kyung-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 2005
  • In this work, to develop soil inoculant which maintains stable viable cells and normalized quality, studies on micro-encapsulation with bacteria and yeast cells were performed by investigating materials and methods for micro-encapsulation as well as variation and stability of encapsulated cells. Preparation of capsule was conducted by application of extrusion system using micro-nozzle and peristaltic pump. K-carragenan and Na-alginate were selected as best carrier for gelation among K-carageenan, Na-alginate, locust bean gum, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), chitosan and gelatin tested. Comparing the gels prepared with Bacillus sp. KSIA-9 and carriers of 1.5% concentration, although viable cell of K-carragenan and Na-alginate was six times higher than those of other, Na-alginate was finally selected as carrier for gelation because it is seven times cheaper than K-carragenan. The gel of 1.5% Na-alginate was also observed to have the best morphology with circular hardness polymatrix and highest viable cell. When investigating the stability of encapsulated cells and the stabilizer effect, free cells were almost dead within 30 or 40 days whereas encapsulated cells decreased in 10% after 30 days and 15-30% even after 120 days. As stabilizer for maintaining viable cell, both 1% starch and zeolite appeared to possess the level of 70-80% cell for bacteria and yeast until after 120 days.

Effect of Collagen Concentration on the Viability and Metabolic Function of Encapsulated Hepatocytes

  • Kim, Sung-Koo;Yu, Sun-Hee;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Axel Racemacher;Lee, Doo-Hoon;Park, Jung-Keug
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.423-427
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    • 2001
  • Chitosan/alginate capsules were formed by electrostatic interactions and had appropriated mechanical strength, permeability to albumin, and stability to hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were isolated and immobilized in chitosan/alginate capsules. During the encapsulation process with hepatocyte, 10% of viability was decreased mainly due to the low pH of the chitosan solution. Among various capsule fabrication methods, the chitosan-alginate capsule showed the highest mechanical strength. Addition of collagen in the capsule with hepatocytes enhanced hepatic metabolism as well as the cell viability for 2 weeks of culture. The hepatocyte in the capsule without collagen decreased the viability to 10% for 2-week cultures.

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Permeability Control of Cellulose Hydrogel Membrane Using Alginate (알지네이트를 이용한 셀룰로오스 하이드로겔의 투과 특성 제어)

  • Jeong, Eunsue;Shin, Sungchul;Park, Minsung;Hyun, Jinho
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2015
  • Natural cellulose hydrogel membrane cannot be directly used for cell encapsulation because it has many large pores on the surface that immune biomolecules are able to penetrate into easily. For the reason, alginate was used for the control of pore size of the cellulose hydrogel membrane. The surface morphology of cellulose/alginate nanocomposite confirmed the successful control of the porosity of the membrane. The permeability of the cellulose/alginate nanocomposite was decreased but mechanical properties were increased compared with the bacterial cellulose membrane. The cellulose/alginate nanocomposite could be used for the functional membrane as a promising biomedical material in the future.