• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.625-642
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• 2022

Objectives: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common impairment of gastrointestinal motility and causes a delay in postoperative recovery, as well as an increased length of hospital stay, but no single strategy has a significant recuperative effect on POI. Studies of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) have reported improvements in bowel function after surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of TKM on postoperative ileus in gastric cancer patients. Methods: We used six databases to search for studies published from January 1, 2007, until May 11, 2022. The included studies were those reporting gastric cancer patients who received TKM treatment after gastrectomy through indicators related to POI. Results: The search identified 27 RCTs that used herbal medicine (Daegeonjung-tang and Gami-leejoongtang), herbal medicine combined with acupuncture (Sama-tang, Gumiseunggi-tang, Daeseunggi-tang, and Insam-tang), acupuncture, acupuncture and moxibustion, electroacupuncture, warm needling, transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA), low-frequency electrical acupoint stimulation (LEAS), moxibustion, auricular acupressure, and ST-36 acupoint injection with neostigmine as treatments for POI. The time to first flatus was shortened by herbal medicine combined with warm needling (Sama-tang, Gumiseunggi-tang, Daeseunggi-tang, and Insam-tang), acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needling, TEA, moxibustion, auricular acupressure, and ST-36 acupoint injection with neostigmine (p<0.00001). The time to the first defecation decreased significantly in response to the herbal medicine combined with warm needling (Sama-tang, Gumiseunggi-tang, Daeseunggi-tang, and Insam-tang), acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needling, TEA, moxibustion, auricular acupressure, and ST-36 acupoint injection with neostigmine (p<0.00001). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions: TKM could be a promising option for preventing and resolving POI in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.598-603
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Polygoni avicularis Herba Herbal-acupuncture( PaH-HA) at KI10(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Methods : Rats were allocated into normal, control, and 3 experimental groups. The rats in the control group were intra-peritoneally injected with LPS for nephritis induction. The rats in the groups of experiment 1, experiment 2, and experiment 3 were treated with single needle prick, saline injection, and PaH-HA, respectively at KI10 three times for a week and then injected with LPS. To evaluate the effects of PaH-HA at HI10, WBC count in blood, serum CINC-1, renal TNF-${\alpha}$ and renal MPO were measured. Results : Needle prick at KI10 suppressed the increase of WBC in blood and CINC-1 in serum of LPS-stimulated rats. Saline injection at KI10 suppressed the increase of WBC in blood. PaH-HA at KI10 suppressed the increase of WBC in blood, CINC-1 in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : PaH-HA at KI10 has an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced nephritis in rats and there may be a synergism between KI10(Umgok) stimulation and PaH-HA Solution.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2019

Objectives : This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of herbal mixture including Lycii fructus (HML) in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods : To confirm the liver protective effect, induced by TAA for 3 days injection at 100 mg/kg mice, HML were treated for 8 weeks at 300 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day. Positive control was treated silymarin 50 mg/kg/day after TAA injection. The changes of mortality rate, clinical signs, organ weight, relative liver, blood chemistry and histopathological findings were analyzed after experiment. Results : Body weight gain was observed in all groups, but TAA treated group at 4th week and all treated groups decreased weight compared to the untreated group. As a result of organ weight measurement, organ weight gain due to hepatic injury was observed statistically significantly in TAA-treated group and TAA+Silymarin treated group, and the herbal mixture-treated group showed a tendency to decrease compared to the TAA treated group. Blood biochemistry showed that total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased statistically in TAA+low-dose and high dose herbal mixture treated group compared to the TAA-treated group. Histopathological examination showed that liver abnormalities were not observed in untreated group, liver fibrosis was observed in liver injury with TAA treated and herbal mixture treated group. And, TAA+high dose herbal mixture group showed relaxation tendency on liver calcification compared to the TAA treated group. Conclusions : According to the above results, HML provided hepatoprotective effects on the hepatic injury by reduction of inflammatory responses.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.58-74
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of urinary incontinence treatment using catgut embedding therapy. Methods: Using electronic databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, and CAJ, we looked for randomized controlled trials that treated urinary incontinence with catgut embedding that were published between January 2000 and December 2023. The chosen clinical studies' interventions and outcomes were examined. Results: Ultimately, eight randomized controlled trials met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment group was treated with catgut embedding alone in 3 studies, and with Biofeedback Electrical Stimulation Therapy (Biofeedback EST), Kegel exercises, Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Injection in 5 studies. Control group was treated with Biofeedback EST, Kegel exercises, Herbal Medicine, Vitamin B, Electroacupuncture (EA), Denitine Tolterodine Tartrat with Bladder Drill, Tension-free Vaginal Tape Obturator (TVT-O) and Acupoint Injection Therapy. Outcome measures are total efficacy rate, Urine pad test, Urinary frequency, Maximum bladder capacity, VRP, POP-Q, etc. 關元 (CV4) was the most frequently used acupoint in catgut embedding therapy. In all of 8 studies, treatment group was more effective for urinary incontinence than the control group. Conclusions: According to this study, catgut embedding may be useful in enhancing the therapeutic outcome for urine incontinence, either by itself or in conjunction with standard medical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.131-149
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of herbal acupuncture (HA) with Moxi-tar for the treatment to intestinal disease in mice with 2, 4, 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Methods : Mice were administered with 5% TNBS at day 1 and day 7. To investigate effects of HA with Moxi-tar at LI11, treatments were carried out at day -1, day 1, day 3, day 5, and day 7. It was checked on the weight and width of colon, diarrhea, edema, survival rate, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity. Furthermore, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot and analyzed mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Results : HA of Moxi-tar at LI11 in preventive mode suppressed macroscopic damages and damages of intestinal epithelial cells and infiltration of immune cells in the colon by TNBS. HA in early and preventive mode ameliorated various symptoms by TNBS. TNBS injection increased MPO activity in colon while HA in preventive mode suppressed increase of MPO activity. HA down-regulated NF-kB activity and reduced expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 in colon of TNBS treated mice. Similar to experiment at colon, HA down-regulated NF-kB activity and reduced expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 by TNBS in mesenteric lymph node. HA in therapeutic mode suppressed errosion and shortening of colon and MPO activity by TNBS and suppressed mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 in the colon. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that HA with Moxi-tar at LI11 represents a potential therapeutic method of inflammatory bowel diseases.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2023

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection for the treating plunged nose, post-rhinopasty and hyaluronic filler migration is common procedures in clinical settings. However, the lack of thorough anatomical understanding makes it difficult to locate the nose region muscles. The anatomical considerations concerned with BoNT injection into the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles were reviewed in this study. The injection spots have been presented for the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles, with the recommended injection technique for each muscle. We have suggested the ideal injection sites in association with outer anatomical landmarks of the nose region. Moreover, these proposals would support a more accurate procedure of BoNT injection in relieving plunged nose, preventing post-rhinoplasty deviation, and migration of the hyaluronic acid filler.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.207-219
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of low frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) at ST36 acupoint on the Freund's Complete Adjuvant(FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of FCA into base of tail. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups; Normal, Control, ST36 and Non-Acupoint(NA). ST36 group was treated by 2 Hz EA at ST36 acupoint. Body weight, paw edema volun1e and ankle joint thickness were measured after treatment. And we investigated the effects of 2 Hz EA via WBC count, segment neurophil, lymphocyte, PGE2 assay and NADPH-d histochemistry. Results and Conclusion : The mean of body weight and ankle joint thickness of ST36 group was increased compared with control group. The mean of paw edema volume, WBC count, segment neutrophil and lymphocyte of were not decreased with control group. The mean of PGE2 concentration and NADPH-d positive neurons were changed significantly compared with control group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Pyrrosiae Herba herbal-acupuncture(PH-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Methods : Rats were assigned to four groups: normal, LPS, saline and PH-HA. Rats in the saline and PH-HA groups were treated with saline injection and PH-HA respectively at $KI_{10}$, three times over the period of one week. All animals, except those in the normal group, were injected intra-peritoneally with LPS to induce nephritis. WBC, in blood, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1(CINC-1), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine in serum, urinal volume, total protein creatinine in urine, and renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analyzed. Results : 1. PH-HA group showed significantly reduced levels of serum BUN, serum creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$, and CINC-1 compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, a significant increase in urine output and more significant decreases in total protein in urine and MPO in renal tissue were observed in the PH-HA group when compared to the LPS group. 2. The PH-HA group showed significantly reduced levels of serum creatinine and renal MPO, and a more significant increase in urine output compared to the saline group. Conclusions : According to these results, it is postulated that PH-HA at $KI_{10}$ has anti-inflammatory and renal-protective effects on LPS-induced nephritis in rats, and both acupoint $KI_{10}$ and the herb Pyrrosiae Herba made contributions to these effects. Further studies on the interaction between acupoint $KI_{10}$ and the herb Pyrrosiae Herba may be needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Curculiginis Rhizoma pharmaco-acupuncture at $ST_{36}$ on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic rats. Methods : Twenty rats were divided into four groups consisting of 5 rats: rats receiving no injection(normal), rats injected with monosodium Iodoacetate(MIA, control), rats injected with MIA and normal saline(N-S), and rats injected with MIA and Curculiginis Rhizoma (CRPA). N-S and CRPA were administered once a day at $ST_{36}$ during 21 days. After that we examined the weight-bearing ability of hind paws, liver and kidney function, immunocell, cytokines, proteins, and gene expression of cytokines. Injury of synovial tissue was measured by H & E, Safranin O immunofluorescence. Results : The weight-bearing ability of the hind paws, Serum TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, PGE2, LTB4, DPD, Osteocalcin, Protein COX-2 of CRPA decreased significantly. Protein Arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase of CRPA was decreased, but not significantly. Expression of gene COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, NOS2 of CRPA decreased. In histological observations, CRPA was improved, compared with other control groups. Conclusions : It can be suggested that Curculiginis Rhizoma pharmaco-acupuncture at $ST_{36}$ has anti-inflammatory and pain relief effects on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic rats.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2011

Objectives : The transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral motor response (VMR) and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia in animal models. The purpose of our study is to compare effects of the different frequencies applied electroacupuncture (EA) on acupoints in acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). Methods : In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250~400g, a single colorectal administration of TNBS (5mg/kg) was made and electrode for electromyography (EMG) recording were stitched into the external oblique musculature. EA of either ST25 or ST36 were applied and stimulation parameter was modulated as follows: 2, 10, or 100 Hz with intensity of 2 mA and 1 ms pulse duration for 30 min. The balloon was inserted intra-anally and VMR to colorectal distension (CRD) was quantified with an EMG recording system. Results : The VMR increased significantly 3 days after TNBS intra-rectal colonic injection in rats. Both 2 Hz and 10 Hz EA on ST36 suppressed VMR to CRD in the acute colitis model but not 100 Hz. Only 10 Hz EA on ST25 suppressed VMR to CRD in the acute colitis. Conclusions : These data show that 10 Hz EA potently inhibits hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis.