• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-141
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• 2017

Objective: This study examined the effects of grandfathers' positive parenting behavior, and fathers' positive parenting behavior on school-age boys' school adjustment. Methods: A total of 217 5th and 6th grade male elementary school students (126 5th graders and 91 6th graders) and their fathers living in Seoul and Gyeongnam province participated in the study. The data were analyzed using correlations, and structural equation modeling. Results: Grandfathers' positive parenting behavior indirectly influenced boys' school adjustment through their fathers' positive parenting behavior. It means that fathers who perceived their fathers' parenting behavior as more positive showed a higher level of positive parenting behavior, which led to a more positive school adjustment for their sons. Conclusion/Implications: These results uncovered the pathways from grandfathers' positive parenting behavior to school-age boys' school adjustment through their fathers' positive parenting behavior in an aspect of the intergenerational transmission of parenting. In addition, these findings have implications for future research of developing intervention programs for school-age boys' school adjustment and parent education programs to facilitate fathers' positive parenting behavior for school-age children's school adjustment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.249-261
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• 2017

This study grasps the structural relationships between temperament, social support, and school adjustment by adolescents as well as investigates the mediating effect of positive psychological capital from relationships between temperament, social support, and school adjustment. Participants in this study consisted of 763 students in the second grade of five middle schools. Productive correlation analysis were conducted on data collected for this study using PASW statistics ver. 18.0 program; in addition, structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using AMOS ver. 18.0 program. The main findings are as follows. Paths appeared in different ways according to the investigation of mediating effect of positive psychological capital under the impact of temperament and social support on school adjustment of adolescents. Investigation showed that harm avoidance temperament had a statistically significant indirect effect on school adjustment with a medium of positive psychological capital. Novelty seeking temperament and persistence temperament had a direct impact on the school adjustment of adolescents; however, it appeared to also indicate an indirect impact through a medium of positive psychological capital. Social support seemed to indicate a direct impact on school adjustment of adolescents as well as an indirect impact through a medium of positive psychological capital. This study provides basic data to help in the school adjustment of adolescents using personal, environmental, and psychological variables that proves the importance of positive psychological capital in adolescence.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive thinking and self-esteem on school adaptation among freshmen in a nursing department. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 172 nursing students in the month of December 2017. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: A positive correlation was found for school adaptation with positive thinking and self-esteem. Positive thinking, self-esteem, major satisfaction and interpersonal relationships were all significant predictors of school adaptation. The model explained 43.6% of the variables. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that positive thinking should be considered when developing strategies to increase school adaptation among freshmen in nursing departments.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of children's self-esteem on their school adjustment, focusing on the mediation of peer attachment. A total of 2,200 3rd grade children from the third Korea Child-Adolescent Panel Survey participated in this study. The instruments used in this study were the Self-esteem Scale, Peer Attachment Scale, and School Adjustment Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using a Student's t -test, Pearson's partial correlation, simple regression, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS ver. 16.0 software. The main results of this study are as follows: first, the boys had higher self-esteem, peer attachment, and school adjustment scores than the girls. Second, there was a significant positive correlation between children's self-esteem and peer attachment as well as a significant positive correlation between children's self-esteem and school adjustment. Further, there was a significant positive correlation between children's peer attachment and school adjustment. Finally, children's self-esteem exerted positive effects on their peer attachment, and children's peer attachment had a positive influence on their school adjustment. The effect of children's self-esteem on their school adjustment was partially mediated by their peer attachment. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the relationships between children's self-esteem and school adjustment may be mediated by their peer attachment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.141-155
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• 2011

This study investigated whether middle school and high school students' coping strategies and positive thinking patterns moderate the negative effects of self-discrepancies on maladjustive emotions represented by depression and anxiety. The study participants consisted of 308 middle school students and 301 high school students from schools from metropolitan areas in Korea. The results of this study were as followed. First, the high school students reported higher scores in terms of depression, anxiety, and active coping strategies than the middle school students, while the middle school students reported higher scores in terms of positive thinking than the high school students. Second, the high school students' active coping strategies and positive thinking patterns moderated the negative effects of self-discrepancies on maladjustive emotions. These results indicate that both middle and high school students' self-discrepancies negatively affected maladjustive emotions, whereas active coping strategies and positive thinking patterns positively affected maladjustive emotions. In addition, active coping strategies and positive thinking patterns had a moderating effect only among the high school students.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive thinking and subjective happiness on school adaptation in nursing students. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 282 nursing students in the month of November 2013. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: A positive correlation was found for school adaptation with positive thinking and subjective happiness. Positive thinking, subjective happiness, and major satisfaction were all significant predictors of school adaptation. The model explained 30.2% of the valuables. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that positive thinking should be considered when developing strategies to increase school adaptation in nursing students.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Objective : This study was performed to confirm the hypothesis that the more one applies positive thinking, the less severe the symptoms of stress and the better the therapeutic responsein panic disorder and major depressive disorders. Methods : The study included 50 subjects with confirmed diagnoses of panic disorder or major depressive disorders. Positive thinking was assessed using Positive thinking scale. Beck Depression Inventory was used as a subjective measure for depression, and to ensure an objective measure for depression and anxiety, the Hamilton Depression and Hamilton Anxiety rating scales were implemented. Results : The positive thinking scale measured at the initial visit had shown a strong negative correlation with objective depression. Although patients with a high level of positive thinking had shown a tendency to respond better to the treatment, as compared with those with a lower level, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion : Positive thinking is likely to ameliorate major depressive disorder, panic disorder-induced depression, and anxiety. Nevertheless, it was not possible to confirm the effects of positive thinking on the patients' treatment responses.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.246-259
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• 2013

The principal purpose of this study is to analyze school organizational culture in secondary school in Busan. This study measures background variables such as gender, teaching experience, classification of school, grade of school, and scale of school. The results of the study are as follows : First, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture depending on gender, female teachers have a stronger sense of professionalism, community spirit and consideration than male teachers. Second, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture in terms of teaching experience, teachers who have more than 21 years of teaching experience have a more positive perception on decision-making and consideration than those who have 11~20 years of teaching experience. Third, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture according to classification of school, public schools have a more positive perception on every item such as professionalism, decision-making, community spirit, and consideration than private school. Fourth, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture in terms of classification of schools, secondary schools have a more positive perception on professionalism and community spirit than high schools. Lastly, as it is seen in the difference on the perception of organizational culture depending on scale of school, schools which have 13~35 classes have a more positive perception on professionalism than others.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.367-370
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• 2007

Objective: Pituitary adenomas are common neurological lesions believed to account for 10% to 15% of all primary brain tumors. There can be diagnostic confusion due to discordance of the preoperative endocrine and the postoperative immunohistochemical diagnosis. In this study, the rate of discordance between preoperative and postoperative findings and their clinical implications were investigated. Methods: From March 2005 to March 2006, 26 patients who underwent surgery for a pituitary adenoma were enrolled in this study. The preoperative pituitary hormone level and postoperative immunohistochemical results were compared and analyzed. Results: The median age of the patients was 38 years [range 15-66 years]. The male to female ratio was 8 to 18. The endocrine evaluation showed 16 hormonally-active and 10 hormonally-inactive adenomas. The immunohistochemical findings showed : 13 prolactin-positive, 1 GH-positive, 1 FSH-positive, 8 pleurihormone-positive and 3 stain-negative adenomas. The percentage of discordance observed between the preoperative endocrine and postoperative immunohistochemical diagnosis was 54%. Nine of 10 endocrine non-functioning adenomas showed : 3 PRL positive, 1 GH positive, 2 PRL+GH positive, 1 TSH+FSH positive, 1 FSH+ACTH+PRL positive and 1 FSH+LH+PRL positive adenomas by immunohistochemistry. Three endocrine PRL+GH secreting adenomas showed 2 PRL positive and 1 FSH+GH positive by immunohistochemistry. One endocrine PRL secreting and 1 GH secreting adenoma showed 1 PRL+ TSH positive and 1 GH+PRL positive by immunohistochemistry, respectively. The diagnosis of the other 12 pituitary adenomas showed concordance. Conclusion : The results of this study showed 54% discordance rate between the preoperative endocrine and postoperative immunohistochemical diagnosis for pituitary adenomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6813-6820
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• 2013

The present study was conducted to investigate the prognostic significance of co-expression patterna of HER-2, IL-6, TNF-a and TGF-${\beta}1$ in breast cancer, by correlating the number of markers with positive expression with clinicopathological characteristics indicative of tumor progression and overall survival. One hundred thirty consecutive patients with primary breast cancer were prospectively included and evaluated. Serum concentrations of the above markers were measured by ELISA. Median split was used to subdivide patients with marker positive or negative expression. The presence of ${\geq}3$ positive markers was independently associated with extended lymph node (>3) involvement (aOR, 11.94, p=0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (aOR, 12.04, p=0.018), increasing the prognostic significance of each marker considered separately. Additional prognostic information regarding survival was also provided; as the number of positive markers increased, a gradually reduction of survival time was observed. In addition, patients with 4 positive markers had significantly shorter survival (25 vs 39 months, p=0.006) and a more than 4 fold increased risk of death (aHR, 4.35, p=0.003) compared to patients with 3 positive markers. Our findings suggest that the coexpression pattern of these four markers could be used clinically as a useful marker for tumor extension and outcome of breast cancer.