• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibition was determined from 92 species of oriental herbal medicine extracted with water and ethanol solvents because of their non-toxicity in the human body. The water extracts of Evodia officinalis (86.8%), Thuja orientalis (80.8%), Carthami semen (66.5%), Melia azedarach (74.7%), Siegesbeckia pubescens (61.3%), Saururus chinensis (49.15%) showed a relatively greater anti-inflammatory activity. The ethanol extracts of Ailanthus altissima and Saururus chinensis demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory effect at above 90%. Saururus chinensis was selected for its high anti-inflammatory effect in both water and ethanol extract. Ethanol was more effective than water and optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds was determined to be extraction with 50% ethanol for 12 hours. The extracts from Saururus chinensis in optimal condition showed 70~80% anti-inflammatory effect when $100{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration was treated. Concentration of above $500{\mu}g/mL$ decreased the inhibitory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect and extraction yield were increased by ultra-fine grind technology, indicating that this method can be used to increase the extraction yield of phenolic compounds from medicinal plants.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.584-590
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• 2009

A hot-water extract from fruit body of Auricularia auricula was purified by ethanol precipitation and subsequent dialysis. The polysaccharide showed a typical IR spectrum similar to $\beta$-glucan and was composed of glucose and mannose in a molar ratio of 16.8:83.2 indicating that it is a glucomannan. A glucomannan-like polysaccharide was also identified from Tremella fuciformis. Both of the polysaccahrides showed the presence of acetyl groups and presented colorimetric responses for $\beta$-1,4-glucomannan indicating the acetylated $\beta$-glucomannan similar to the typical polysaccharide found in Aloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1620-1632
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• 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs and the effects of the formula's extract (distilled water, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extraction) on porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene expression in myocytes. Methods: In a completely randomized design, ninety pigs were assigned to three diets with five replications per treatment and six pigs per pen. The diets included the basal diet (control group), TCMF1 (basal diet+2.5 g/kg TCMF) and TCMF2 (basal diet+5 g/kg TCMF). The psoas major muscle was obtained from pigs at the end of the experiment. Muscle fiber characteristics in the psoas major muscle were analyzed using myosin ATPase staining. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye and cytometry. Isoforms of MyHC gene expression were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The final body weight and carcass weight of finishing pigs were increased by TCMF1 (p<0.05), while the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area was increased by TCMF (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and diameter of psoas major muscle fiber Ι, IIA, and IIB were increased by TCMF2 (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB were increased by diet supplementation with TCMF1 (p<0.05). Psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF1 diet and the type IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF2 diet were lower compared to pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). Pigs fed TCMF2 had a higher composition of type Ι fiber and a lower percentage of type IIB fiber in the psoas major muscle (p<0.05). The expression levels of MyHC Ι, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx mRNA increased and the amount of MyHC IIb mRNA decreased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF2, whereas MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA increased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF1 (p<0.05). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ $coactivator-1{\alpha}$ and CaN mRNA expression in the psoas major muscle were up-regulated by TCMF (p<0.05). Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation was promoted by $4{\mu}g/mL$ and $20{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Both $1{\mu}g/mL$ and $5{\mu}g/mL$ of TCMF water extraction increased MyHC IIa, MyHC IIb, and MyHC IIx mRNA expression in porcine myocytes (p<0.05), while MyHC Ι mRNA expression in porcine myocytes was decreased by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Porcine myocyte MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA expression were increased, and MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb mRNA expression were down-regulated by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). MyHC Ι and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were increased, and the MyHC IIb mRNA expression was decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). Four isoforms of MyHC mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were reduced by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes increased and MyHC IIb mRNA expression decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ in a TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that TCMF amplified the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area through changing muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. This effect was confirmed as TCMF extraction promoted porcine cell proliferation and affected isoforms of MyHC gene expression in myocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2011

We collected wild mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus from Deogyu Mt. of Muju, Jeollabuk-do and physiological functionalities of its water extract were investigated. The water extracts from S. aspratus showed the highest antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 74.3% and also showed high anti-gout xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity (59.6%). However, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was very low (17.3%), and antioxidant activity and SOD-likely activity were not detected. The ACE inhibitory activity of S. aspratus fruiting body was the highest when powder of the fruiting body was shaked at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h by distilled water. Furthermore, the XOD inhibitory activity was also the highest by extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 h with water.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.464-469
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• 1996

Pleurotus ostreatus was extracted with hexane, ethanol and water to test the antioxidative activity on soybean oil. The extraction yield was the highest in the water fraction. The total sugar was higher in ethanol and water fractions, While the total phenolic substances were relatively higher in the hexane fraction. The antioxidative effects of the extracts on the oxidation of soybean oil during storage at 60 and $100^{\circ}C$ were studies. The antioxidative effects of ethanol extracts of both fruit body and mycelia of pleurotus ostreatus were higher than those of water and hexane extracts. The antioxidative effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts (3,000ppm) were higher than the artificial antioxidant (200ppm), BHA and BHT, during storage at 60 and $100^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.148-154
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• 2003

Extracts from 52 samples of mushrooms were prepared by using water, ethanol and methanol, and then yields and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity were investigated. Sample mushrooms contained crude proteins of $7.1{\sim}56.5%$, curde lipids of $0.2{\sim}4.4%$ and carbohydrates of $30.3{\sim}86.6%$. Among 52 samples, the water extract from fruiting body of Pholiota spp. ASI 24027 showed the highest extraction yield of 68%. Water extract of Pholiota spp. ASI 24012 fruiting body had potential ACE inhibitory activity of 66%. The optimal extraction condition of the ACE inhibitor from the fruiting bodyies of Pholiota spp. ASI 24012 was In water at $30^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr and ACE inhibitory activity was 67.6% on the condition with 0.2 mg of $IC_{50}$.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2014

Oyster mushroom is one of the popular mushrooms for Korean people and it is thus one of the mushrooms that were mostly cultivated in Korea in addition to winter and king oyster mushrooms. This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts. We analyzed comparing antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Firstly, ASI 2099 showed the highest level in hot water. ASI 2122 showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH and MeOH extraction. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. polyphenols contents is mostly 8~10 (mg/g) and there is no difference of polyphenols contents depending on the extract solvent.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

This study was performed to obtain basal data for development of new functional food by using mushroom Pholiota spp.. Among several kinds of extracts, water extracts of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24027 showed the highest solid yield of 58.7%. Crude protein of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24015 and ${\beta}$-glucan contents of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24005 were 25.0% and 0.66%, respectively. K and Mg were also contained plentifully in the fruiting body of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24004 (3,649 mg and 138 mg/100g dried fruiting body, respectively). Amino acid and total fatty acid contents were similar between almost all of Pholiota spp..

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 2013

This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of various fruiting body of Ganoderma species and Cordyceps militaris, Phelinus linteus extracts. ${\beta}$-glucan and polyphenol are useful ingredient in mushrooms and they were known to have antioxidant activity. We analyzed ${\beta}$-glucan and polyphenol contents of fruiting body of Ganoderma spp., Cordyceps militaris, and Phellinus linteus. Most Ganoderma spp. exhibited ${\beta}$-glucan contents of 15 to 20%. Cordyceps militalis showed the highest ${\beta}$-glucan level of 25%. Interestingly, eight strains of Ganoderma spp. was analyzed to have higher contents of ${\beta}$-glucan than Phelinus linteus. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. (D.W., 70% EtOH, 80% MeOH) The level of polyphenol in ASI 7020 strain was at maximum in the water extraction and ASI 7086 showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH extraction. The amounts of polyphenol in strain ASI 7113 was at maximum in the 80% MeOH extraction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.757-763
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• 2006

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have generally been very useful to remedy or prevent hypertension. This study describes the extraction and characterization of an ACE inhibitor from the fruiting body of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24012, which can be used as an antihypertensive drug. The maximal ACE inhibitory activity $(IC_{50};0.25mg)$ was obtained when the fruiting body of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24012 was extracted with distilled water at $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. After the purification of ACE inhibitor with ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-25 column chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC, an active fraction with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.044 mg was obtained. The purified ACE inhibitory peptide was a novel pentapeptide, showing very little similarity to other ACE inhibitory peptide sequences. The molecular mass of the purified ACE inhibitor was estimated to be 414 daltons with a sequence of Gly-Glu-Gly-Gly-Pro, and showed a clear antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at a dosage of 1 mg/kg.