• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

Background: The type of payment is one of the important factors that has an effect on the health of employees, as a basic working condition. In the conventional research field of occupational safety and health, only the physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic factors are treated as the main hazardous factors. Managerial factors and basic working conditions such as working hours and the type of payment are neglected. This paper aimed to investigate the association of the type of payment and the exposure to the various hazardous factors as an heuristic study. Methods: The third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2011 was used for this study. Among the total sample of 50,032 economically active persons, 34,788 employees were considered for analysis. This study examined the relation between the three types of payment such as basic fixed salary and wage, piece rate, and extra payment for bad and dangerous working conditions and exposure to hazardous factors like vibration, noise, temperature, chemical contact, and working at very high speeds. Multivariate regression analysis was used to measure the effect of the type of payment on working hours exposed to hazards. Results: The result showed that the proportion of employees with a basic fixed salary was 94.5%, the proportion with piece rates was 38.6%, and the proportion who received extra payment for hazardous working conditions was 11.7%. Conclusion: The piece rate was associated with exposure to working with tight deadlines and stressful jobs. This study had some limitations because KWCS was a cross-sectional survey.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2014

To understand the relationship between road-traffic noise and urban components such as population, building, road-traffic and land-use, the city of Cheongju that already has road-traffic noise maps of daytime and nighttime was selected for this study. The whole area of the city is divided into square cells of a uniform size and for each cell, the urban components are estimated. A spatial representative noise level for each cell is determined by averaging out population-weighted facade noise levels for noise exposure population within the cell during nighttime. The relationship between the representative noise level and the urban components is statistically modeled at the cell level. Specially, we introduce a spatial auto regressive model and a spatial error model that turns out to explain above 85 % of the noise level. These findings and modeling methods can be used as a preliminary tool for environmental planning and urban design in modern cities in consideration of noise exposure.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권6_spc호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2016

According to the survey for working environment of the cashiers in highway tollbooths, workers replied that noise was the most harmful substances next to air pollutant in the tollbooth. Researches on the noise levels exposed to cashiers in the highway tollbooth scarcely have been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire baseline data to prevent health impairments of the cashiers by evaluating noise level exposed to them. Noise dosimeters were used for monitoring workers' noise exposure level in the tollbooths at 8 different highway tollgates. The noise levels of tollbooths did not exceed noise exposure limit of the ministry of labor, 90 dB(A). The average TWA inside of the tollbooths was 55.4 dB(A) and the average TWA outside of tollbooths was 58.3 dB(A). The average TWA outside of tollbooths was slightly higher than that of inside of tollbooths. However, the significance probability(p-value) was 0.255 which means statistically not significant. The noise levels inside and outside of tollbooth were statistically significant to both mean traffic volume per day and traffic volume of passenger car.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2007

A study has been conducted to investigate the subjective responses of loudness and annoyance according to the exposed time of urban traffic noise in controlled laboratory environment. To make a closer inspection into psychological response relevant to noise characteristics while varying the time of exposure to noise, the subjects were presented a set of noises with different exposed time and requested to judge spontaneously on a 100-unipolar scale. To be concrete, the subjects were exposed to noises being varied in time from 15 sec up to max. 1,200 sec for the controlled traffic noise sources. So far achieved from laborious tests, it has an importance being on the logarithmic relations of perceived loudness and exposed time, say, it is more increased the perceived loudness in the sorter exposed time than in the longer exposed time. However, the trend is said to be not effective for the case of annoyance. On the other hand, the subjective impressions on relative annoyance of noise is shown to be correlated with the noise characteristics such as loudness (sones), tonality and time with logarithmic scale, the product correlation moment being calculated as $R^{2}=0.99$. The variances to be explained for annoyance assessments through varying the time of exposure were ranged between 30 % and 50% for the exposed time, $27{\sim}37%$ for tonality, and $34{\sim}20%$ for loudness, respectively With these results, hopefully, it can be helpful for those who want to work out an experimental design for evaluating an environmental noise or to quantify any psychological dimensions found in annoyance assessments.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2020

Purpose: Workers with chronic health problems find it difficult to maintain their work because of socioeconomic difficulties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between physical, ergonomic, and mental health hazards in the workplace and chronic health problems of Korean workers. Methods: A total of 28,807 wage workers participated in the study and were selected using the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between physical, ergonomic, and mental health hazards and chronic health problems. Results: Of the participants, 1,220 (4.23%) had chronic health problems. Even after adjusting the general characteristics, vibration, noise, high temperature, low temperature, dust, chemical and cigarette smoke, fatigue and painful posture, dragging or pushing or moving of heavy objects, repetitive hand or arm movements, working with a computer or smartphone, use of internet or e-mail, and anxiety situations increased the risk of chronic health problems. Conclusion: The study reaffirms that exposure of physical, ergonomic, and mental health hazards in the workplace significantly increases the risk of chronic health problems.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

This study was conducted to assess exposure to musculoskeletal disorders risk factors in the cooking & housekeeping jobs in hotel work. PATH (posture, activity, tools and handling) method was used for data collection at the 6 hotel settings in different regions across Korea. From 26 workers, a total of 949 PATH observations were obtained. The highest percent time on non-neutral posture was 78% for pinch grip, followed by 74%(wrist deviation), 52%(trunk posture), 37%(shoulder/arm posture), and 30%(neck posture). The highest percent time in the three HAL variables was 47% for HAL-cat2. The percent time of items in relation to both loads with more than 5kg and contact stress was less than 2%. The hotel workers were not exposed to vibration.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

This paper reports results on the physical properties of a powder type of $Al_2O_3:C$ commonly used as a luminescence dosimeter using the LM-OSL technique. On the analysis with the general order kinetics model, the LM-OSL signal measured appeared to be composed of three components (fast, medium, slow) showing the largest area in the medium component. The photoionization cross sections of three components were distributed between $10^{-19}{\sim}10^{-21}cm^2$. The values of the thermal assistance energy were evaluated the largest in slow component and the smallest in fast component, which indicates the electrons trapped in defects attributed to slow component should be the most sensitive to thermal vibration among three components. In illumination to blue light, the fast component showed a rapid linear decay and completely disappeared after light exposure time of about 5 s. The medium component decayed with two exponential elements but the slow component did not observed any noticeable change until light exposure time of 40 s. In a dose response study, all components exhibited a linear behaviour up to approximately 10 Gy.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1267-1272
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• 2007

철도교량의 경우 교면방수 시공 후 방진매트, 궤도자갈 및 침목부설, 레일 설치 등의 후속공정이 뒤따르고, 시공 및 경제적인 여건으로 인해 위의 공정이 연속적으로 시행되지 못하고 일정 구간 단위로 후속공정이 이루어지는 특수성을 갖고 있다. 이로 인해 교면방수 시공 이후 표면의 노출이 장기화 되는 것이 불가피한 실정으로, 시간 경과에 따른 열화현상으로 인해 발수재의 분해 및 용출이 발생하여 방수시공 초기의 침투깊이를 유지하지 못하고 있는 경우가 많다. 이처럼, 철도교량이 갖고 있는 시공적인 특수성과 궤도자갈이 부설되지 않고 영구적으로 표면이 노출되는 부분을 고려한다면 표면의 장기적인 노출에도 방수성능이 저하되지 않는 내구성을 갖고 있는 방수공법을 선택하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 장기간 표면노출에 따른 열화현상을 방지하는 열화억제형 방수공법(DRA방수공법)에 대하여 시험시공을 통한 객관적인 분석 결과를 도출하고, DRA 방수 공법의 KNOW-HOW를 습득하는 것으로, 이를 통하여 철도교량의 교면방수 열화현상으로 인해 발생하는 하자를 방지하여 잦은 보수와 보강으로 인한 경제적 손실을 최소화하고 현장에서의 시공관계자들이 방수공법을 선정하는데 따른 합리적인 판단 기준을 제공하는데 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.263-272
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• 1997

방사선 작업자의 과피폭을 방지하기 위해 방사선 작업 도중 이상 사태가 발생할 경우 광 음경보가 발생한 후 이상 사태 발생 90분, 발생 30분간의 방사선량과 방사선량율 변화를 저장하고 외부 PC로 데이터를 전송한 후 사고를 분석하여 차후에 같은 유형의 방사선 사고를 사전에 예방할 수 있도록 고안된 방사선 경보장치를 개발하였다. 이 방사선 경보장치의 특징은 넓은 방사선 측정 범위(10mR/h $\sim$ 100 R/h), 방사선 준위의 기록 및 기억, PC와의 data처리 기능, 휴대성, 교정 기능에 의한 높은 정밀도(${\pm}5%$), 인지도가 높은 강력한 경보기능 채택 등이다. 개발된 방사선 경보장치의 물리적 환경 적응시험을 가장 엄격한 ANSI N42.17A의 표준 시험조건에 의거하여 온도, 습도, 진동, 전자기파 간섭 등에 관해 한국표준과학연구원에서 수행하였으며 모든 시험항목을 통과하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to estimate the noise exposure of roadside apartment complex according to the characteristics of apartment complex. The facade noise level of residential buildings and the ground noise level inside apartment complexes were predicted and analyzed using noise mapping based on a computerized noise model. In addition, the correlation analysis between these noise levels and the characteristics of apartment complex such as traffic volume, building coverage, the number of adjacent roads, etc. was done in a total of 21 apartment complexes. The results showed that building facade noise level and ground noise level were positively correlated with traffic volume (correlation coefficient, r=0.616~0.623) and the number of adjacent roads (r=0.340~0.496). On the other hand, they were negatively correlated with building coverage (r=-0.413~-0.477) and complex area per the number of roads (r=-0.478~-0.615).