• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2020

Infection of Helicobacter pylori on gastric mucosa is associated with various gastric diseases. According to the WHO, H. pylori causes gastric cancer and has been classified as a class I carcinogen. Riboflavin is an essential vitamin which presents in a wide variety of foods. Previous studies have shown that riboflavin/UVA was effective against the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and had the potential for antimicrobial properties. Thus, we hypothesized that riboflavin has a potential role in the growth inhibition of H. pylori. To demonstrate inhibitory concentration of riboflavin against H. pylori, we performed agar and broth dilution methods. As a result, we found that riboflavin inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The MIC was 1 mM in agar and broth dilution test. Furthermore, to explain the inhibitory mechanism, we investigated whether riboflavin has an influence on the replication-associated molecules of the bacteria using RT-PCR to detect mRNA expression level in H. pylori. Riboflavin treatment of H. pylori led to down-regulation of polA and dnaB mRNA expression levels in a dose dependent manner. After then, we also confirmed whether riboflavin has cytotoxicity to human cells. We used AGS, a gastric cancer cell line, and treated with riboflavin did not show statistically significant decrease of cell viability. Thus, these results indicate that riboflavin can suppress the replication machinery of H. pylori. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that riboflavin inhibits growth of H. pylori by inhibiting replication of the bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1382-1389
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• 2022

Asterias pectinifera, a species of starfish and cause of concern in the aquaculture industry, was recently identified as a source of non-toxic and highly water-soluble collagen peptides. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-photoaging functions of compounds formulated using collagen peptides from extracts of Asterias pectinifera and Halocynthia roretzi (AH). Our results showed that AH compounds have various skin protective functions, including antioxidant effects, determined by measuring the scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, as well as anti-melanogenic effects, determined by measuring tyrosinase inhibition activity. To determine whether ethosome-encapsulated AH compounds (E(AH)) exert ultraviolet (UV)-protective effects, human dermal fibroblasts or keratinocytes were incubated with E(AH) before and after exposure to UVA or UVB. E(AH) treatment led to inhibition of photoaging-induced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-6 and -8, which are associated with inflammatory responses during UV irradiation. Finally, the antibacterial effects of AH and E(AH) were confirmed against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Our results indicate that E(AH) has the potential for use in the development of cosmetics with a range of skin protective functions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.197-219
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• 2023

Rabbit meat has high nutritional and dietetic characteristics, but its consumption rate is comparatively lower than other meat types. The nutritional profile of rabbit meat, by comparison with beef, pork, and poultry, is attributed to relatively higher proportions of n-3 fatty acids and low amounts of intramuscular fat, cholesterol, and sodium, indicating its consumption may provide health benefits to consumers. But, the quality attributes of rabbit meat can be originated from different factors such as genetics, environment, diet, rearing system, pre-, peri-, and post-slaughter conditions, and others. Different rabbit breeds and the anatomical location of muscles may also affect the nutritional profile and physicochemical properties of rabbit meat. However, adequate information about the effect of those two factors on rabbit meat is limited. Therefore, cumulative information on nutritional composition and carcass and meat quality attributes of rabbit meat in terms of different breeds and muscle types and associated factors is more important for the production and processing of rabbits. Moreover, some studies reported that rabbit meat proteins exhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory characteristics and antioxidant properties. The aim of this review is to elucidate the determinants of rabbit meat quality of different breeds and its influencing factors. In addition, the proven biological activities of rabbit meat are introduced to ensure consumer satisfaction.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1585-1591
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• 2022

Objective: The present study examined the effects of exogenous emulsifiers and multi-enzyme supplementation into a low energy density diet on growth performance, visceral organ parameters, blood metabolites, ileal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens from hatch to 21 days. Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to 24 pens and each pen was assigned to one of four dietary treatments to give six replications with seven chickens in a cage. Dietary treatments were: i) positive control with standard energy level (PC); ii) negative control with 100 kcal/kg lower energy of the standard level (NC); iii) NC diet supplemented 0.05% calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate as an emulsifier (NC+E); and iv) NC diet supplemented with both 0.05% calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and 0.05% multi-enzyme (NC+E+M). Corn and soybean meal-based control diets containing vegetable oil were formulated to meet the Ross 308 nutrition specification. Chickens were fed ad-libitum with the treatment diets and sampling was conducted on day 21. Results: Our results revealed that emulsifier and multi-enzyme supplementation into NC diets improved (p<0.05) feed efficiency of the broiler chickens compared to the broiler chickens fed NC diets from hatch to 21 days. Supplementation of emulsifier and multi-enzyme into NC diet improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility of the broiler chickens. However, emulsifier and multi-enzyme supplementation into diet did not influence (p>0.05) visceral organ weight, blood metabolites, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed NC diets. Conclusion: Supplementation of emulsifier and multi-enzyme in the NC diet would support improving growth performance in young broiler chickens with improved feed efficiency and increased nutrient digestibility thereby curtailing the negative impact of energy reduction in the diets.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.993-1000
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the differential expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene region in Eimeria-infected broiler. Methods: We profiled gene expression of Eimeria-infected and uninfected ceca of broilers sampled at 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) using RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two sample groups were identified at each time point. DEGs located on chicken chromosome 16 were used for further analysis. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted for the functional annotation of DEGs. Results: Fourteen significant (false discovery rate <0.1) DEGs were identified at 4 and 7 dpi and categorized into three groups: MHC-Y class I genes, MHC-B region genes, and non-MHC genes. In Eimeria-infected broilers, MHC-Y class I genes were upregulated at 4 dpi but downregulated at 7 dpi. This result implies that MHC-Y class I genes initially activated an immune response, which was then suppressed by Eimeria. Of the MHC-B region genes, the DMB1 gene was upregulated, and TAP-related genes significantly implemented antigen processing for MHC class I at 4 dpi, which was supported by KEGG pathway analysis. Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate MHC gene responses to coccidia infection in chickens using RNA sequencing. MHC-B and MHC-Y genes showed their immune responses in reaction to Eimeria infection. These findings are valuable for understanding chicken MHC gene function.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.826-831
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• 2024

Objective: The major histocompatibility complex in chicken demonstrates a great range of variations within varities, breeds, populations and that can eventually influence their immuneresponses. The preset study was conducted to understand the major histocompatibility complex-B (MHC-B) variability in five major populations of Bangladesh native chicken: Aseel, Hilly, Junglefowl, Non-descript Deshi, and Naked Neck. Methods: These five major populations of Bangladesh native chicken were analyzed with a subset of 89 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the high-density MHC-B SNP panel and Kompetitive Allele-Specific polymerase chain reaction genotyping was applied. To explore haplotype diversity within these populations, the results were analyzed both manually and computationally using PHASE 2.1 program. The phylogenetic investigations were also performed using MrBayes program. Results: A total of 136 unique haplotypes were identified within these five Bangladesh chicken populations, and only one was shared (between Hilly and Naked Neck). Phylogenetic analysis showed no distinct haplotype clustering among the five populations, although they were shared in distinct clades; notably, the first clade lacked Naked Neck haplotypes. Conclusion: The present study discovered a set of unique MHC-B haplotypes in Bangladesh chickens that could possibly cause varied immune reponses. However, further investigations are required to evaluate their relationships with global chicken populations.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2015

본 연구는 멀티플 에멀젼(W/O/W) 시스템을 이용하여 개발한 자외선차단 제품의 자외선차단성능의 지속성과 보습효과에 관한 연구이다. 자외선차단용 화장품은 장시간의 외출, 등산, 레포츠 활동을 할 때 필수적으로 사용하는 제품으로 높은 자외선차단효과와 지속성이 요구되고 있다. 또한, 소비자들은 감성공학적인 측면에서 끈적이지 않으며, 내수성이 우수한 제품을 선호하고 있다. 친수성 (O/W타입) 자외선차단제품의 경우, 사용감은 우수하나, 땀이나, 물에 쉽게 지워지기 때문에 완벽한 자외선차단 효과를 기대할 수 없으며, 내수성이 우수한 친유형 (W/O타입) 제품의 경우, 내수성은 우수하나, 끈적임이 심하고, 보습효과가 낮다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 멀티플에멀젼(W/O/W)시스템의 퍼뮬레이션을 개발하여 친수성크림의 부드럽고 촉촉한 사용감을 부여하고 흡수 후에는 내수성이 우수한 W/O 제형으로 변화하여, 우수한 내수성과 자외선차단효과의 지속성을 가지는 고기능성 다중에멀젼의 자외선차단크림을 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 자외선차단크림에 사용된 성분으로 UV-B를 차단하는 원료 에칠헥실메톡시 신나메이트, 이소아밀-p-메톡시신나메이트, 에틸헥실살리실레이트, 옥토크릴렌을 사용하였으며, UV-A차단제로 부틸메톡시디벤조일메탄과 비스에칠헥실옥시페놀 메톡시페닐트리아진을 사용하였다. O/W형 크림의 자외선차단효과를 나타내는 SPF 수치가 34.1, W/O/W형 크림에서는 SPF 수치가 40.6으로, O/W형 크림보다는 19%정도 자외선 차단효과가 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 4시간 경과 후의 내수성시험에서는 O/W형 크림의 경우 자외선차단효과가 3.6정도로 30.5이상 하락하였으나, 다중에멀젼 시스템에서는 자외선차단효과가 32.7로, 7.9정도 하락하여 81%의 내수성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사용 30분 후의 보습효과는 친수성크림이 우수하였으나, 3시간 이후의 보습력은 멀티플에멀젼에서 더욱 높은 보습효과를 보였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2013

사람의 피부는 자외선, 오염된 공기, 화학제품 등 환경에 끊임없이 노출된다. 특히 자외선은 피부에 다양한 형태로 영향을 주어 주름, 잔주름, 피부거침, 피부건조와 같은 현상을 발생시켜 피부노화를 유발시킨다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 향나무과의 일종인 다년생 수목인 노간주나무(Juniperus rigida Sieb.) 추출물의 주름개선 효과에 대하여 검증하였다. 주름개선 효과 측정으로 elastase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 노간주나무 열수 추출물 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$에서 10% 이하의 낮은 저해활성을 나타낸 반면에 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물의 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$에서 68.5%의 저해활성을 나타내었으며, collagenase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$에서 열수 및 에탄올 추출물은 44.9%, 97.2%로 에탄올 추출물의 경우 ascorbic acid (99.6%)와 유사한 효과로 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한 섬유아 세포를 이용한 collagen 생합성량을 측정한 결과 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물 $50{\mu}g/ml$에서 151.52%의 생합성 촉진 효과를 나타내어 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물의 주름개선 효과가 우수하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. UVA에 의해 발현이 증가되는 MMP-1에 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물이 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물은 $1,00{\mu}g/ml$에서 67.1%의 MMP-1 발현 저해효과를 나타내었다. 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물의 MMP-1의 단백질 및 mRNA의 발현은 $50{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 각각 35%, 39%의 저해율을 나타냄에 따라 노간주나무 에탄올 추출물은 collagen을 분해하는 효소인 MMP-1의 발현을 억제하고 광노화에 의한 주름생성억제 활성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 초고압 추출 공정의 활성 증진 효과를 알아보기 위해 당귀의 자외선 차단 효과 및 피부 미백활성 실험을 실시하였다. 인간의 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk를 이용한 세포독성 실험에서 $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ 농도의 시료 첨가를 통해 초음파 병행 $60^{\circ}C$ 추출물이 21.27%로 가장 낮은 세포독성을 나타내었으며, 15분간 초고압 처리한 $60^{\circ}C$초음파 병행 추출물이 23.49%로 가장 높은 세포독성을 나타내었다. UVA 처리에 따른 MMP-1 발현 저해 효과 측정에서 $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ 첨가를 통해 15분간 초고압 처리한 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 추출물이 UV를 조사하지 않은 대조군과 비교하여 122.2%를 나타내며 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid의 121.3%와 근사한 수치의 발현 억제 효과를나타내었다. 그 외 다른 시료들도 134.5% 이하로 발현하며 높은 저해율을 나타냄에 따라 당귀가 UVA에 대한 MMP-1 발현 저해 효과가 있음을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 억제효과에서는 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid가 $1.0mg/m{\ell}$의 농도에서 70.8%로 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 당귀 시료 중에서는 초고압을 15분간 처리한 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 추출물이 ascorbic acid에 근사한 수치인 69.4%로 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었고, 그외의 시료들도 모두 55% 이상의 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 시료 첨가를 통한 Clone M-3 세포주의 melanin 생성 억제실험에서 $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ 농도 첨가를 통해 15분간 초고압 처리한 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 추출물이 82.4%를 나타내어 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid에 비해 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 당귀가 자외선 차단 및 피부 미백 관련 향장 소재로의 활용 가능성이 있으며, 초고압 처리를 통해 향장활성의 증가가 가능함을 확인하였다.