• Title/Summary/Keyword: U2

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CYCLIC CODES OVER THE RING 𝔽p[u, v, w]/〈u2, v2, w2, uv - vu, vw - wv, uw - wu〉

  • Kewat, Pramod Kumar;Kushwaha, Sarika
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.115-137
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    • 2018
  • Let $R_{u{^2},v^2,w^2,p}$ be a finite non chain ring ${\mathbb{F}}_p[u,v,w]{\langle}u^2,\;v^2,\;w^2,\;uv-vu,\;vw-wv,\;uw-wu{\rangle}$, where p is a prime number. This ring is a part of family of Frobenius rings. In this paper, we explore the structures of cyclic codes over the ring $R_{u{^2},v^2,w^2,p}$ of arbitrary length. We obtain a unique set of generators for these codes and also characterize free cyclic codes. We show that Gray images of cyclic codes are 8-quasicyclic binary linear codes of length 8n over ${\mathbb{F}}_p$. We also determine the rank and the Hamming distance for these codes. At last, we have given some examples.

COMPARISON FOR SOLUTIONS OF A SPDE DRIVEN BY MARTINGALE MEASURE

  • CHO, NHAN-SOOK
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.231-244
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    • 2005
  • We derive a comparison theorem for solutions of the following stochastic partial differential equations in a Hilbert space H. $$Lu^i=\alpha(u^i)M(t,\; x)+\beta^i(u^i),\;for\;i=1,\;2,$$ $where\;Lu^i=\;\frac{\partial u^i}{\partial t}\;-\;Au^{i}$, A is a linear closed operator on Hand M(t, x) is a spatially homogeneous Gaussian noise with covariance of a certain form. We are going to show that if $\beta^1\leq\beta^2\;then\;u^1{\leq}u^2$ under some conditions.

A 28-GHz Wideband 2×2 U-Slot Patch Array Antenna

  • Yoon, Nanae;Seo, Chulhun
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.133-137
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    • 2017
  • In this study, a 28-GHz U-slot array antenna for a wideband communication system is proposed. The U-slot patch antenna structure consists of a patch, two U-shaped slot, and a ground plane. With the additional U-slot, the proposed antenna has around 10% of bandwidth at -10 dB. To increase gain, the U-slot antenna is arrayed to $2{\times}2$. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated. The $2{\times}2$ array antenna volume is $41.3mm{\times}46mm{\times}0.508mm$. The proposed antenna was measured and compared with the simulation results to prove the reliability of the design. The bandwidth and gain of the measurement results are 3.35 GHz and 13 dBi, respectively and the operating frequency is around 28 GHz.

QUASILINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS FOR THE HEISENBERG FERROMAGNETIC SPIN CHAIN

  • Yongkuan Cheng;Yaotian Shen
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.61 no.2
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    • pp.541-556
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    • 2024
  • In this paper, we consider a model problem arising from a classical planar Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain $-{\Delta}u+V(x)u-{\frac{u}{\sqrt{1-u^2}}}{\Delta}{\sqrt{1-u^2}}={\lambda}{\mid}u{\mid}^{p-2}u$, x ∈ ℝN, where 2 ≤ p < 2*, N ≥ 3. By the Ekeland variational principle, the cut off technique, the change of variables and the L estimate, we study the existence of positive solutions. Here, we construct the L estimate of the solution in an entirely different way. Particularly, all the constants in the expression of this estimate are so well known.

Effects of Bcl-2 Overexpressing on the Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by HDAC Inhibitors in Human Leukemic U937 Cells (HDAC 저해제에 의한 인체 백혈병 U937 세포의 apoptosis 유발에 미치는 Bcl-2의 영향)

  • Lee, In-Hyuk;Hur, Man-Gyu;Park, Dong-Il;Choi, Byung-Tae;Choi, Yung-Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.4 s.84
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    • pp.552-560
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    • 2007
  • Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is closely correlated with oncogenic factors. HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A(TSA) and sodium butyrate (Na-B) have been shown to induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in many cancer cells. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein has the remarkable ability to prevent cell death and Bcl-2 overexpression has been reported to protect against cell death. We previously reported that the apoptotic cell death of human leukemic U937 cells by TSA and Na-B treatment was associated with the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and activation of caspases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Bcl-2 overexpression on the growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by TSA and Na-B in U937 cells. TSA-induced growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were significantly attenuated in Bcl-2 overexpressing U937/Bcl-2 cells however Na-B did not affected. Induction of apoptosis by TSA was accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and degradation of DNA fragmentation factor/inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase, which was blocked by the overexpression of Bcl-2. Collectively, these findings suggest that ectopic expression of Bcl-2 appeared to inhibit TSA-induced apoptosis by interfering with inhibition of Bcl-2 and caspase activation.

AN ANALOGUE OF THE HILTON-MILNER THEOREM FOR WEAK COMPOSITIONS

  • Ku, Cheng Yeaw;Wong, Kok Bin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.1007-1025
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    • 2015
  • Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ be the set of non-negative integers, and let P(n, l) denote the set of all weak compositions of n with l parts, i.e., $P(n,l)=\{(x_1,x_2,{\cdots},x_l){\in}\mathbb{N}^l_0\;:\;x_1+x_2+{\cdots}+x_l=n\}$. For any element $u=(u_1,u_2,{\cdots},u_l){\in}P(n,l)$, denote its ith-coordinate by u(i), i.e., $u(i)=u_i$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be t-intersecting if ${\mid}\{i:u(i)=v(i)\}{\mid}{\geq}t$ for all $u,v{\epsilon}A$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be trivially t-intersecting if there is a t-set T of $[l]=\{1,2,{\cdots},l\}$ and elements $y_s{\in}\mathbb{N}_0(s{\in}T)$ such that $A=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=yj\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\}$. We prove that given any positive integers l, t with $l{\geq}2t+3$, there exists a constant $n_0(l,t)$ depending only on l and t, such that for all $n{\geq}n_0(l,t)$, if $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is non-trivially t-intersecting, then $${\mid}A{\mid}{\leq}(^{n+l-t-l}_{l-t-1})-(^{n-1}_{l-t-1})+t$$. Moreover, equality holds if and only if there is a t-set T of [l] such that $$A=\bigcup_{s{\in}[l]{\backslash}T}\;A_s{\cup}\{q_i:i{\in}T\}$$, where $$A_s=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=0\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\;and\;u(s)=0\}$$ and $$q_i{\in}P(n,l)\;with\;q_i(j)=0\;fo\;all\;j{\in}[l]{\backslash}\{i\}\;and\;q_i(i)=n$$.

MULTIPLICITY RESULTS FOR NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER-POISSON SYSTEMS WITH SUBCRITICAL OR CRITICAL GROWTH

  • Guo, Shangjiang;Liu, Zhisu
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.247-262
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we consider the following $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$-Poisson system: $$\{\begin{array}{lll}-{\Delta}u+u+{\lambda}{\phi}u={\mu}f(u)+{\mid}u{\mid}^{p-2}u,\;\text{ in }{\Omega},\\-{\Delta}{\phi}=u^2,\;\text{ in }{\Omega},\\{\phi}=u=0,\;\text{ on }{\partial}{\Omega},\end{array}$$ where ${\Omega}$ is a smooth and bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$, $p{\in}(1,6]$, ${\lambda}$, ${\mu}$ are two parameters and $f:\mathbb{R}{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ is a continuous function. Using some critical point theorems and truncation technique, we obtain three multiplicity results for such a problem with subcritical or critical growth.

Research on a Method for Efficient u-Healthcare Data Transmission in M2M Environment (M2M 기반 유헬스케어 데이터의 효율적인 전송 방안 연구)

  • Cho, Gyoun-Yon
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.251-257
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    • 2014
  • In u-Healthcare environment, large amounts of important vital information is processed through M2M(Machine to Machine). M2M is configured by wireless networks and has several problems for limited bandwidth and low reliability. Therefore, in this paper is proposed a method called uHLZW(u-Healthcare LZW) to improve channel efficiency to solve such problem. uHLZW algorithm has high compression ratio for vital data. The results showed that the average compression ratio of uHLZW got from 1.6 times to 4.0 times better than existing methods(Huffman and LZW compression).

A Construction Theory of Arithmetic Operation Unit Systems over $GF(2^m)$ ($GF(2^m)$ 상의 산술연산기시스템 구성 이론)

  • 박춘명;김흥수
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.910-920
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    • 1990
  • This paper presents a method of constructing an Arithmetic Operation Unit Systems (A.O.U.S.) over Galois Field GF(2**m) for the purpose of the four arithmetical operation(addition, subtraction, multiplication and division between two elements in GF(2**mm). The proposed A.O.U.S. is constructed by following procedure. First of all, we obtained each four arithmetical operation algorithms for performing the four arithmetical operations using by mathematical properties over GF(2**m). Next, for the purpose of realizing the four arithmetical unit module (adder module, subtracter module, multiplier module and divider module), we constructed basic cells using the four arithmetical operation algorithms. Then, we realized the four Arithmetical Operation Unit Modules(A.O.U.M.) using basic cells and we constructd distributor modules for the purpose of merging A.O.U.M. with distributor modules. Finally, we constructed the A.O.U.S. over GF(2**m) by synthesizing A.O.U.M. with distributor modules. We prospect that we are able to construct an Arithmetic & Logical Operation Unit Systems (A.L.O.U.S.) if we will merge the proposed A.O.U.S. in this paper with Logical Operation Unit Systems (L.O.U.S.).

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Associations between Anemia and Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria in Korean Adults by Metabolic Syndrome Status: Analysis of KNHNES V-3 Data (대한민국 성인의 대사증후군 유무에 따른 빈혈과 사구체 여과율 및 알부민뇨의 연관성: 국민건강영양조사 V-3 분석)

  • Hyun YOON
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.56 no.2
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2024
  • The present study was conducted to explore relationships between anemia and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) in Korean adults with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). The data of 4,943 adults aged ≥20 years who participated in KNHNES V-3 (2012) were analyzed. In the non-MetS group, the odds ratio (OR) for anemia of those with a decreased eGFR {eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 3.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03~7.30)} was significant as was the OR of those with decreased eGFR plus elevated uACR (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and uACR≥30 mg/g, 5.81 [95% CI, 2.60~13.02]). In the MetS group, ORs for anemia for those with an elevated uACR (2.18 [95% CI, 1.11~4.27]), a decreased eGFR (3.74 [95% CI, 1.11~12.55]), or a decreased eGFR plus an elevated uACR (16.79 [95% CI, 5.93~47.57]) were significant. In conclusion, in non-MetS, anemia was associated with a low eGFR, whereas in MetS, anemia was associated with a low eGFR and an elevated uACR. In addition, the OR for anemia was greatly increased when eGFR was diminished and uACR was elevated regardless of MetS and MetS status.