• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.335-348
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify parental coping strategies in the face of early infant and toddler injury, and to provide basic data for a parental education program and the most desirable directions it should take. Methods: A Q-methodology to analyze the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four Q-statements were derived from a literature review and interviews. Forty-seven parents were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed by the pc-QUANL program. Results: Five types of parental coping in early infant and toddler injury were identified. Type I was "hospital treatment focused", type II was "Improving the safety of the child's environment", type III was "expression of negative emotion", type IV was "taking the lead in problem solving", and type V was "Interrogating the person in charge of the situation in which the injury occurred". Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs can be used for parents in early childhood injury.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.459-460
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 최근 유아대상으로 무분별한 스마트폰 기기 노출 등으로 인한 피해의 심각성을 알고 유아교육에서 인터넷 윤리 및 스마트폰 기기의 올바른 사용이 제대로 이루어 질수 있도록 교육 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 제 4차 산업혁명으로 인하여 연령과 상관없이 과도하게 스마트기기에 많이 노출되고 있다. 따라서, 유아기때부터 올바른 정보 윤리 의식 및 적절한 컴퓨터 사용을 할 수 있는 교육이 이루어지며, 유아 스마트폰 증후군을 예방하여 건전하고 안전한 사이버 세상이 이루어지도록 해야 한다. 그러나 아직까지 유아교육분야에서 정보 윤리 및 스마트폰 중독에 대한 프로그램이 특강형태로 이루어지고 교재교구들이 부족하며, 다양한 활동이 개발되어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 정부차원에서 각 센터와 기관들과 잘 협업이 이루어지도록 유도하며, 전문가들에 의해 다양한 활동이 개발되고 교재교구가 제작될 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish basic data for developing education program of tailor made visiting home health care. Method: For this study, the subject was recruited in one directorial area among 14 nation-wide areas. The data collection was done using self-report questionnaire developed by Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Ninety one questionnaires were analyzed and response rare was 88.3%. Result: The major results were as follows. Aspect of education operations, the satisfaction of education space was revealed high. However, the satisfaction of education time, hour, and schedule were low. The overall satisfaction of education contents were revealed high. The most useful curriculums were found Chronic disease management, Infant & toddler health management, and Case management of tailor made visiting home health care. However the most unuseful curriculums were Nutritional management according to subject's health problem, Health promotion for poor family, and Understanding of visiting service in community health center. Conclusion: With these results, it was identified that the most needed contents of tailor made visiting home health care education program. So these results will be used to develop the more effective education program to activate tailor made visiting home health care service in community health center.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.125-136
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• 2012

In most child-care facilities, homeroom teachers take the responsibilities for safety education, which has been conducted in class hours on a regular basis. It was found that most homeroom teachers are lacking in teacher training opportunities, and the younger they are, the less training experience they get. Teachers with fewer teaching careers had a greater interest in safety education and training courses. In addition, homeroom teachers have been utilizing monthly toddler magazines as a method to acquire knowledges for safety education and prevention of safety accidents. The safety accidents which have most frequently occurred in care-care facilities turned out to be stumble and tear, and infants aged 3 years or younger were found to be easily exposed to the safety accidents mainly due to the frolic between peers during the free-choice activity time. The homeroom teachers recognized only traffic safety education among the range of safety training courses, which varied depending on teaching career such as traffic safety education and indoor/outdoor safety environment training, etc. In addition, it turned out that the safety training methods were limited to the utilization of discussion techniques, role-playing, description and demonstration.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2019

Objective: This study is a case study on mother's perceived the adaptation process and program of a one-year-old toddlers in daycare center. Methods: This study is a case study of four mothers who live in Seoul, South Korea and whose first child enters in daycare center at 18 or 20 months. The data collection method was applied to group interview and the individual in-depth interview method. Results: After the interview data was analyzed, first, they decided to enroll their child to a daycare center after two mothers were pregnant with the second child or the others received a phone call for admission. The first impression of the teachers had a great influence on the choice of admission when mother first visited the daycare center. mother, as well as toddlers who exhibited anxiety, experienced an adaptation process. Through communication between mother and teacher, mothers could feel the toddler's adaptation. Second, as for the difference of the adaptation program according to the daycare center type through the adaptation process of the one-year-old toddlers, there was a big difference in the program guide, the period, the content and the proceeding method. Conclusion/Implications: Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will be a basic data for the development of the adaptation program for one-year-old toddlers in daycare center at the national level.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrition education and diet contents presented in toddler picture books. The study was conducted from August to October 2015 and examined five of Korea's major online bookstores. Finally, we analyzed 296 books, and 67 books contained dietary life contents. The contents of nutrition education were mainly about eating an even diet and keeping good table manners. However, contents of specific, practical dietary guidelines were not included. Therefore, it is recommended to eat a variety of vegetable side dishes at every meal, eat on time and not eat salty, sweet and fatty foods. Most parenting styles on feeding practice for nutrition education were dictatorial. To make parenting styles more effective, the parents' style should be more desirable. In order to provide internal motivation for toddlers and have a positive education effect, teaching methods on eating using picture books should be presented in a positive way. Food often appearing in picture books were vegetables, but green leafy vegetables were hardly observed. Foods that frequently showed up in picture books were pastries, which reflect Westernized food culture.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-124
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• 2005

This study aims to investigate and analyze how toddlers' characteristics and child care center's environments including facilities and care-givers' characteristics affect toddlers' behavior in child care center using observational methods. Total 40 toddlers in same numbers of boys and girls participated in this study. Average age of tollers were the 31.7 months ranging from 27 months to 35 months. The toddlers were observed with the observation schedule modified from observation categories of Holloway and Reichhart-Erickson(1988). Data were analysed by Pearson's correlation, t-test, one away ANOVA, Duncan Test and stepwise regression using the SPSSWIN Version. The results of the study were as follow: First, the toddlers' behaviors were related to all the toddlers' characteristics. Second, the toddlers' behaviors were related to all the characteristics of the child care facilities such as the types of facilities, the class size and the caregiver-toddler ratio. Third, the toddler' behaviors were related to caregivers' variables such as the total care experience in centers, the experience with toddler care, the martial status, the certificate types except the child rearing experience and the educational level. Fourth, the toddlers' characteristics were more significantly related to the behavior of them than those of child care centers' environment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to assess food intake frequency and food behavior of infants and toddlers by using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ). A total of 368 subjects (infants 111, toddlers 257) in Ganghwa county were analyzed in this study. The NQ was examined using an NQ questionnaire, which consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items. The items were grouped into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20, and significant difference was evaluated by Student's t-test and $x^2-test$. The BMIs of infants and toddlers were $16.54kg/m^2$ and $16.01kg/m^2$, respectively. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables and fruits were higher (p<0.001) in girls and toddlers compared to boys and infants, respectively. Food behavior of meal regularity (p<0.001), breakfast eating (p<0.001), and chewing well (p<0.001) were also higher in toddlers compared to infants. Total NQ score of infants and toddlers were 62.05 and 64.91, respectively, which were within medium grade. The NQ score of toddlers was higher than that of infants (p<0.0.5). NQ score was positively correlated with parent's education, monthly income, age, and exercise. Therefore, children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct their eating habits and improve their nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The objective of the study is to find out the effects of toddler's temperament and mother's parenting behavior on the development of vocabulary ability. The study was conducted with 299 infants between the ages of 18 and 24 months and their mothers in 47 day care centers in I city, Jeollabukdo. The results of the study are as follows. First, according to the correlation between infant's temperament and vocabulary based on the composition of temperament, approach-avoidance, adaptability, and mood showed a negative correlation with receptive and expressive vocabulary, and response intensity showed a positive correlation with receptive vocabulary. Second, according to the relation between mother's parenting behavior and infant's vocabulary ability based on the sub-factors of mother's parenting behavior, instructional parenting behavior and setting-limits parenting behavior showed a positive correlation with receptive and expressive vocabulary. Third, according to the effects of infant's temperament and mother's parenting behavior on the development of infant's vocabulary ability, as for the understanding of vocabulary, the explanation power of approach-avoidance is the highest, followed by instructional parenting behavior, response intensity, and mood. As for expressive vocabulary, the explanation power of instructional parenting behavior is the highest, followed by mood, response intensity and activity. In the development of infant's vocabulary ability, it was found that receptive vocabulary was affected the most by approach-avoidance, and expressive vocabulary was affected the most by instructional parenting behavior. Mothers will have to have interrelation skills suitable for temperament for the development of infant's receptive vocabulary, and have parenting behavior expressing the traits of things and events for the development of expressive vocabulary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.119-132
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• 1973

This study observed on habitual methods of toilet training for infants and toddlers in Korea thru 300 mothers at four medical institutions Ewha Woman′s University Hospital, Ewha Maternal and Child Health Center, Severance Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital) with a design to analyze beginning time, duration of period, methods employed, motives, equipments used, special terminology used for the subject training. The main purpose of this study was to generalize the proper methods of toilet training, and also to contribute a better psychological education for the mother and child. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Majority of (67.3%) observed were in the age category between 30 and 40 years, and dominant numbers (64.7%) were housewives with high level of education and from middle class family background. 2. In the most cases (85%), toilet training was carried out by mothers(including wives who had a job) while more than half of mothers (53.7%) maintained their important motive for the training was "due to having high regard for cleanliness" 3. As for the time of beginning toilet training: finding indicated that starting period was decided (70%) at inconsiderate desertion of each mother. whereas, only minority group (30%) represents the cases where mother started the training when they consider tile child was physically and psychologically randy. Also greater number (77.7%) started bladder training prior to that of bowel. 4. It is noticeable that in course of training a large number of mothers (48.3%) applied strict training method when the child proper talenting, and the more rigid and strict in tile training. the more malformation of personality of the infant and toddler were seen after the training period (P<0.01). 5. Over the half of the total cases denoted (bowel 54.3%, bladder 67.7%) starting period before one year and in most cases (bowel 79.3%, bladder 729)the training was accomplished within 12 month, and therefore it was noted that earlier start(before 1 year) shortened the training period (with 12 month) . There was no significant difference between male and female infants in both starting period and duration of period in bladder training, however, in bowel training there was a tendency that female started earlier(7-12 months needed, 51.4%) than tile male (13-18 months needed, largest number 41.4%), and also in cases of female the period for needed for training were shorter than the cases of male. 6. Many a number (bowel 50.3%, bladder 97.7%) employed the method of continuous talenting at regular interval in accordance with that of child′s habit formed before training. Equipment used were various kinds, however, pieces of paper for male (45.5%) and piss pot or bedpost (42.3%) for female were common, on the other hand, "Eung-ga" for defecation (52.3%) and "Shii" for the urination (95.3%) were most standard expression that used during the training period.