• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.275-296
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• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라 초등학생들의 함수적 사고 능력의 실태를 알아보고자, 다섯 가지 유형의 함수적 관계로 구성된 검사지를 이용하여 2, 4, 6학년 학생 총 2087명의 반응을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 함수적 관계에 대한 학생들의 이해는 지역규모나 성별에 따라 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 통계적으로도 유의미한 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 드러났다. 반면, 과제 유형이나 문제 상황별로는 학생들의 이해 정도에 다소 큰 차이가 나타났으며, 이러한 차이에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있음이 드러났다. 특히, x의 값이 임의의 수(${\Box}$)로 주어졌을 때 y값을 구하는 문항에서의 정답률은, x의 값이 큰수로 주어졌을때 y값을 구하는 문항에서의 정답률에 비하여 다소 높게 나타나는 경향이 발견되었다. 본 논문은 이러한 결과들을 토대로 초등학교에서의 함수적 사고 지도 방안에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권8호
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• pp.271-309
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• 2010

The main theme of this study is about North Korea's contemporary military strategy which remained a blind spot in the 21st century. Indeed, Pyongyang's contemporary military strategy is evolved from the logic of War. On the basis of this logic, this study examined North Korea's contemporary military strategy with three analytical frameworks. The first is the discovery of Clausewitz's dictums and application of the Trinitarian analysis on the Korean cases. During the course of applying Clausewitzian main dictum--War as continuation of politics, the methodological analysis on war played a important role generalizing the pattern and matrix of North Korea's strategic thinking and military strategy. In particular, Clausewitz's Trinitarian framework on war -Government (reason), Army (chance), People (passion)- was a universal framework to scrutinize the North Korean missile and nuclear strategy. The second is about the matrix of North Korea's military strategy, The study suggested the genealogical feature of Pyongyang's military strategy. In principle, the dictum of 'Military-First Politics' 1S the combination of the political philosophy, Chuch'e (self-reliance) of Kim Il Sung and Kin Jong Il reflected in the military readiness. As a result this analysis was able to equate Clausewitz's dictums to explain Pyongyang's idea of the nature of war in that North Korea's military strategy is the central instrument of delivery to achieve political objectives. The third is about the theoretical encounter of 'Clausewitz's Wonderful Trinity' and 'Remarkable Trinity on North Korea's contemporary strategy'. On the basis, three elements are connected to one of three groups in society; the people, the military, and the government. In order to apply the Clausewitz's Trinitarian analysis into Kim Jong Il's 'Military-First' strategy, two case studies (Missile and Nuclear strategy) were examined. The finding of this study is that Clausewitzian dictum in the 19th century is still valid in the 21st century as it provided plausible theoretical framework to explain the North Korean contemporary military strategy with a reminder that the nature and logic of war are fixed in the socially constructed state.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.251-272
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• 2005

수학 수업에서 핵심적인 역할을 하는 과제의 인지적 수준은 교수${\cdot}$학습 과정 동안 다양하게 변할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 4개의 6학년 수학교실에서 '비와 비율' 단원에 제시된 주요 과제들을 대상으로 우리나라 수학교실에서 나타나는 과제 설정과 실행 패턴은 어떠한지, 그리고 그 패턴에 영향을 미치는 교실 요인은 무엇인지 면밀하게 살펴보았다. 분석 결과 초기의 높은 수준의 인지적 과제가 수업 내내 전반적으로 유지되는 경우도 있었으나, 여러 가지 요인에 의해서 의미와 연계되지 않은 절차, 비체계적인 탐구, 불충분한 탐구로 쇠퇴하는 경우도 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 수학 시간에 교사가 특히 주의해야 할 요인을 밝히고, 전반적으로 정적인 의미의 분석보다는 수학적 과제의 인지적 수준이 변화하는 과정에 대한 이해 및 분석의 중요성을 강조한다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2007

이 연구는 일반화라는 대수적 사고 요소에 초점을 맞추어 대수적 상황으로 문제 해결이 가능하도록 구성하여 제시한 특정 과제에서 초등수학영재들이 보여주는 대수적 일반화 사고 과정을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 초등수학영재들은 자신의 생각을 문자식으로 표현하고 문자 언어를 활용하여 답안을 표현하는 데 어려움을 겪지는 않았기에 표를 통한 수치의 귀납적인 규칙을 찾기보다 다이어그램이나 관계식을 사용한 포괄적인 예를 통해 보다 일반적인 구조를 파악하려는 경향을 가지고 있었다. 그러나 잘 구조화된 스키마를 가진 아동이라도 개인적 특성에 따라서는 자신이 일반화한 결과를 특수한 경우에 적용시킴 봄으로써 자신의 결과를 검증하는 경향이 있음을 확인하였고, 이변수 일반화 과제의 경우는 비록 일반적 패턴을 추정할 수는 있을지라도 그것을 정당화하는 과정에서는 어려움을 겪고 있음도 확인하였다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 한 수학영재교육에의 몇 가지 시사점을 논의하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.383-401
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• 2012

The purpose of mathematics education includes two important areas; cognitive area that emphasizes mathematical knowledge and understanding and affective area that stresses mathematical interest and attitude. The purpose of mathematics education is not only in acquiring the contents and knowledge but also rousing up interest and attention toward mathematics. Therefore, effort to accomplish this affective purpose has to be made. Introducing history of mathematics to teaching can be a important method for the students to arouse interest and attention toward mathematics. History of mathematics can help the students who are familiar to only manipulation of the symbols to develop a new way of thinking and mathematical thoughts arousing reflective thinking. According to the survey, although the effect of using mathematics history has been recognized, the mathematics history has neither been developed as teaching materials nor reflected in the courses of study. The purpose of this research is to develop the reading materials into suit for the mathematics curriculum to extract contents of the mathematics valuable in using in elementary mathematics teaching, and to investigate the effect of reading materials using the history of mathematics on learning attitude in elementary school. The way of developing materials in this study is as follows. First, to select the interesting and instructive subject for the elementary students such as the story and life of a mathematician, developmental stages of mathematical theory and calculation currently used and finding the patterns of the rules that requires mathematical thoughts. Second, to classify the selected items according to mathematics curriculum. Third, to reorganize the classified items of the appropriate grade with the reading materials of dialogue pattern in order to draw attention and interest from the students I developed 18 kinds materials in accordance with the above procedure and applied 5 materials among them to one class in 4th grade. Analysing the student's responses, First, using history of mathematics helps the students to arouse interest and confidence on mathematical learning attitude. And the students became better attitude of studying by oneself and attention on class. Second, as know by opinions after lesson, most students have a chance refresh one's thinking of mathematics, want to know the other content of history of mathematics and responded to study hard in mathematics. As a result, the reading materials on the basis of the history of mathematics motivates students for mathematics and helps them become confident in mathematics. If the materials are complemented properly, they will be useful and effective for students and teachers.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.619-636
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 학년에 따라 수학영재학급 학생들이 패턴 일반화 과정에서 사용하는 전략의 차이와 일반화 표현 방법을 알아보는 것이다. 연구를 위해 단위학교 영재학급 4~6학년 30명을 대상으로 도형과 관련한 4개의 과제에 대한 해결 전략을 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 일반화를 시작하는 단계의 문항에서 학생들은 패턴의 앞 뒤 수를 이용하여 문제를 해결하는 순환적인 관계인식 전략으로 문제를 해결하는 경우가 많았고 일반화를 형성하는 단계의 문항에서는 학년이 높아질수록 주어진 정보로 규칙이나 식을 만들어 해결하려는 상황적 인식 전략을 사용한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 난이수준이 높은 문항일수록 학생들은 그리거나 뛰어 세기 등의 구체화를 통한 인식 전략이나 순환적인 관계 인식 전략을 선호하는 경향이 있었다. 일반화를 명확하게 하는 단계의 문항에서 학생들은 패턴을 언어로 기술하는 경향이 많았으며 높은 학년일수록 패턴을 대수적 표현(기호 또는 수식)으로 기술하려고 하였다. 정당화 단계의 문항에서 학년이 높을수록 일반화된 식으로 표현하는 비율이 높았다. 연구 결과를 통해 패턴을 찾는 과제에서 영재학급 학생들이 일반화를 하기 위한 전략의 차이를 알고 지도하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.271-298
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• 1998

During these days of new understanding, western medicine has developed remarkably and a revaluation of traditional medicine has been achieved. This appears to have resulted from the sound criticisms of what western medicine has achieved up to now; excessive subdivisions of clinical medicine, severe toxicity of chemical drugs, lack of understanding about patients complaints which cannot be understood objectively, and etc. It is thought that the role of traditional medicine will be more important in the future than it is now. Someone said that the research methods of traditional medicine depends on the way of experimental science too much. That there was no consideration of a system for traditional medicine and the critic also went so far as to assert that in some cases the characteristics of eastern ideas is to permit irrationalism itself. In view of this thinking, the term traditional medicine seems to have been used somewhat too vaguely. However, traditional medicine is a medical treatment which has existed since before the appearance of modern medicine and it was formed from a traditional culture with a long history. One form of traditional medicine, oriental medicine based upon ancient Chinese medicine, was received in such countries as Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and Mongolia. Oriental medicine then developed in accordance with its own environment, race, national characteristics, and history. Although there are some simultaneous differences between them, three nations in Eastern Asia; Korea, Japan, and China, have especially similar features in their clinical prescriptions and medical literature. These three nations are trying to understand each others unique traditional medicines through numerous exchanges. Even though many differences in their ways of studying have developed over history exist, recent academic discussions have been made to explore new ways into oriental medicine. Therefore a comparative study of oriental medicine has gradually been thought to be more important. In Korea the formation of a new future-oriented paradigm for oriental medicine is being demanded. The purpose of the new paradigm is to create a new recognition of traditional culture which creates an understanding of oriental medicine to replace the diminished understanding of oriental medicine that was brought about by the self-denial of traditional culture in modem history and cultural collisions between oriental and occidental points of view. Therefore, to make a new paradigm for oriental medicine which is suitable for these days, and fortifies the merit of oriental medicine while compensating its defects, the author has compared the characteristics of oriental medicines in Korea, Japan, and China. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. The fundamental differences of the traditional medicines of these three nations are caused by the differences in the systems of Naekyung and Sanghannon. 2. The pattern-identification of illnesses is generally divided into two categories; the pattern identification of Zang-Fu and the pattern identification of prescription. 3. There are many differences in the definition of terms, such as Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess, and etc. 4. Chinese traditional medicine has some new concepts about pattern identification and epidemic febrile disease. 5. Japanese traditional medicine has some characteristics about pattern identification of the whole bodys condition and signs of abdominal palpation. 6. In terms of the effects of herbal drugs, Chinese traditional medicine attaches great importance to the experiential efficacy of the herb, and Japanese traditional medicine is taking a serious view of the effects of experimental medical actions.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.323-345
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• 2015

본 연구는 통계적 추론과 가추법의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 '큰 수의 법칙' 탐구활동에서 나타난 가추법의 유형을 살펴보았다. Peirce의 가추법, Eco의 가추법 유형, Toulmin의 논증패턴을 바탕으로 통계 수업담화를 분석한 결과, 가추법에 해당하는 수업담화에는 과대 코드화된 가추법이 가장 많이 나타났다. 반면에 학생들의 다양한 사고를 유도하는 과소 코드화된 가추법과 새로운 법칙이나 이론을 만드는 창조적 가추법은 낮은 비율로 나타났다. 추론과정에 사용된 계산기는 추상적 확률 개념을 이해하기 위한 경험적 맥락을 통해 학생들이 추론을 중심으로 한 논증과정에 적극적으로 참여하게 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 통계 수업에서는 가추법에 대한 이해와 함께 도구를 이용한 통계적 맥락 형성이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2012

This study focuses on comparative study of the representation of 'traditionality' in Asian hotel guest rooms. Hotel can be a concentration of the country's culture and tradition and provide unique experience to guests through its space, decoration, and material. However, most hotels in Korea are lack of a strong identity based on the Korean culture and tradition, due to adoptation of the western hotel styles without any criticism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression methods of the traditionality in Asian hotel guest rooms to provide design guideline to enhance identity of hotel guest rooms in Korea. Through analysis of the previous researches, criteria of the three design application methods and the five design elements were defined to analyze the representation of the traditonality. Design application methods were categorized as "Original form", "Partial adoption", and "Metaphor". Five design elements include "Shape", "Material", "Color", "Object", and "Pattern". Thirty nine Asian hotels containing the traditional design elements were explored in the study. In result, design application methods in Korea used all three methods equally, while other Asian countries used mainly the Partial adoption and Metaphor methods to express their traditions rather than the Original form method. All five deign elements were mostly used in case of the Original form methods, and two or three elements among five elements were used for the Partial adoption and Metaphor methods. The traditional representation of hotel guest rooms in Korea, reflecting current thinking, living pattern and culture, will be a solution for the new hotel design as well as elevation of Korea's status to a higher level.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.401-413
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• 2010

This study analyzed the kinds and frequencies of descriptors in 154 articles in ERIC data base on the 4th day of January in 2010. The titles of the articles includes the words, 'scientific literacy'. As each descriptor is constituted of two words and over, in this study the first word in the descriptor was defined as 'restrictive word' and the rest word(s) as 'target word(s)'. The results are as follows. First, the descriptors which show high frequencies of target words are the traditionally important themes of scientific literacy education. Target words which show relatively high frequency are 'education', 'literacy', 'instruction' and 'countries'. Low frequency word is 'curriculum', which has various restrictive words and represents wide differentiation. Second, among the descriptors which show low frequencies of target words, relatively high frequency descriptors are '(and)society', 'change', 'secondary education', 'concepts', and 'biology', which have been given more attention in scientific literacy research than the rest descriptors. Third, the number of the descriptors that shows largely distributed pattern A, which happens over 15 years continuously, is over the half of all analyzed descriptors, which shows that they have been the major objectives in researches about scientific literacy. Most descriptors of pattern A shows normal distribution of frequency or the trends of increasing frequency as the time is nearer. Fourth, The descriptors are divided into four groups according to the time span. Each research trends are as follows. In later 80s, the research which emphasizes the importance of the sociality and technology in all level school science curriculum. In later 90s the research for educational change of inquiry-centered science curriculum which considers technological literacy in social contexts. In earlier 2000s the research that scientists and science teachers develop science curricula mostly related to scientific principles and thinking in chemistry and biology especially. In later 2000s case studies which relates teaching methods and science process activities to students' attitudes, scientific concepts and curricula.