• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1094-1101
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• 1999

Liquid phase sintered silicon carbides were obtained by sintering of $\alpha$-SiC and $\beta$-SiC powders as starting materials at 2173K and 2273K respectively. The SiCplatelet seeds of different sizes were obtained by a repeated ball milling and sedimentation. Their mean size (d50) were 2.217 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 13.67 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 22.17${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ respectively 6wt%Al2O3-4 wt% Y2O3 was used as the sintering additives for the liquid phase sintering. The two silicon carbides had a bimodal microstructure consisting of small matrix grains and large platelike grains when the SiCplatelet seeds were added. In the case of the $\beta$-SiC the appreciable phase transformation occurred as sintering temperature increased from 2173K to 2273K and resulted in matrix shape change from equiaxed into platelike grains. In contrast there was no shape change for the $\alpha$-SiC. The size of large grains in the $\alpha$-SiC of large grains in the $\alpha$-SiC was larger than that of the large grains in the $\beta$-SiC These results suggested that the growth of the $\alpha$-SiCplatelet in the $\alpha$-SiC matrix was more favored than that of the $\alpha$-SiCplatelet in the $\beta$-SiC matix. The three point flexural strength decreased as the added seed size increased. Fracture toughness values of samples sintered at 2273K were higher than those of samples sintered at 2173K.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.477-485
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• 2012

The effect of aging heat treatment on microstructure evolution of the Ti-6Al-4Fe-0.25Si alloy with an initial microstructure of an elongated alpha was investigated. Aging treatments of the samples were carried out at $550^{\circ}C$ for up to 100 hours. The microstructure of the 5 hours heat-treated sample consisted of alpha grains, beta matrix and some TiFe intermetallic compounds that were precipitated from the beta matrix. Increasing the aging time to 10 hours, most of the beta matrix was decomposed to very fine alpha grains (${\sim}0.5{\mu}m$) and TiFe, and thus the volume fraction of the beta matrix was significantly decreased. EBSD analysis revealed that newly formed tertiary-alpha-grains in the vicinity of TiFe had high angle boundaries with respect to the primary and secondary alpha grains. As a result of these phase transformations during aging, the fraction of the alpha/alpha grain boundary was increased while that of the alpha/beta phase boundary was decreased.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

The unique features of spark plasma sintering process are the possibilities of a very fast heating rate and a short holding time to obtain fully dense materials. $\beta$-SiC powder with 0, 2, 6, 10 wt% of $\alpha$-SiC particles (seeds) and 4 wt% of Al-B-C (sintering aids) were spark plasma sintered at $1700-1850^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The heating rate, applied pressure and sintering atmosphere were kept at $100^{\circ}C/min$, 40 MPa and a flowing Ar gas (500 CC/min). Microstructural development of SiC as function of seed content and temperature during spark plasma sintering was investigated quantitatively and statistically using image analysis. Quantitative image analyses on the sintered SiC ceramics were conducted on the grain size, aspect ratio and grain size distribution of SiC. The microstructure of SiC sintered up to $1700^{\circ}C$ consisted of equiaxed grains. In contrast, the growth of large elongated SiC grains in small matrix grains was shown in sintered bodies at $1750^{\circ}C$ and the plate-like grains interlocking microstructure had been developed by increasing sintering temperature. The introduction of $\alpha$-SiC seeds into $\beta$-SiC accelerated the grain growth of elongated grains during sintering, resulting in the plate-like grains interlocking microstructure. In the $\alpha$-SiC seeds added in $\beta$-SiC, the rate of grain growth decreased with $\alpha$-SiC seed content, however, bulk density and aspect ratio of grains in sintered body increased.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

This study evaluated the grindability of series of Ti-Cu alloys in order to develop a Ti alloy with better grindability than commercially pure titanium(CP Ti). Experimental Ti-Xwt%Cu alloys(X=2, 5, 10) were made in an argon-arc melting furnace. Slabs of experimental alloys were ground using a SiC abrasive wheel on an electric handpiece at circumferential speed(15000, 30000rpm) by applying a force(250, 300gr). Grindability was evaluated by measuring the amount of metal volume removed after grinding for 2 minutes. Data were compared to those for CP Ti and Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V alloy. From results, It was observed that the grindability of Ti-Cu alloys increased with an increase in the Cu concentration compared to CP Ti, particularly the 10wt%Cu alloy exhibited the highest grindability at all speeds. By alloying with Cu, the Ti exhibited better grindability at high speed. The continuous precipitation of $Ti_2Cu$ among the ${\alpha}$-matrix grains made this material less ductile and facilitated more effective grinding because small segments more readily formed. The Ti-10wt%Cu alloy has a great potential for use as a dental machining alloy.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1240-1246
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• 1997

Silicon carbides with self-reinforced microstructure which hore a small grain matrix and dispersed large grains with rod-like type were prepared by the liquid-phase sintering and the control of starting phases of raw materials. The specimens with self-reinforced microstructure could be obtained from the compacts with mixed compositions of $\alpha$-SiC and 10-50 % $\beta$-SiC powders and by the pressureless sintering at 185$0^{\circ}C$ for 5h. Large grains with rod or plate-like types were 4H-SiC and small grains with equi-axed type were 6H-SiC. Fracture grains with rod or plate-like types were 4h-SiC and small grains with equi-axed type were 6H-SiC. Fracture toughness of specimens with self-reinforced microstructure was increased by the crack deflection and formation of microcracking due to the existence of rod-like large grains during crack propagation.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2000

Si3N4/SiC nanocomposite ceramics containing 5 wt%dispersed SiC particles were prepared by gas-pressure-sintering at 200$0^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen atmosphere. SiC particles with average sizes of 0.2 and 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were used, and the effect of the SiC particle size on the microstructure was investigated. The addition of SiC particles effectively suppressed the growth of the Si3N4 matrix grains. The effect of grain growth inhibition was higher in the nanocomposites dispersed with fine SiC. SiC particles were dispersed uniformly inside Si3N4 matrix grains and on grain boundaries. When the fine SiC particles were added, large fraction of the SiC particles was trapped inside the grains. On the other hand, when the large SiC particles were added, most of the SiC particles were located on grain boundaries. Typically, the fraction of SiC particles located at grain boundaries was higher in the specimen prepared from $\beta$-Si3N4 than in the specimen prepared from $\alpha$-Si3N4.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1356-1363
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• 1999

Self-reinforced silicon carbide was prepared by hot pressing and the control of starting phases of raw materials and its microstructural characteristics was investigated. The specimens with self-reinforced microstructure were obtained from the compacts with mixed compositions of ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-SiC powders. Self-reinforced microstructure which is composed of large dispersed grains with rod-like shape and matrix with small equiaxed grains was formed by the transformation to the ${\alpha}$-SiC with 4H polytype for ${\beta}$-SiC and anisotropic grain growth during the heat treatment. Of all speimens the values of volume fraction maximum length and aspect ratio for large grains with rode-like types were the highest at the specimen with 50 vol% ${\beta}$-SiC in the starting SiC powder and therefore this specimen showed the highest fracture toughness due to the crack deflection by rod-like grains during crack propagation.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2012

In this study, Cu-5Ni-10Sn(wt%) spinodal alloy was manufactured by gas atomization spray forming, and the microstructural features and mechanical properties of Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy have been investigated during homogenization, cold working and age-hardening. The spray formed Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy consisted of an equiaxed microstructure with a mixture of solid solution ${\alpha}$-(CuNiSn) grains and lamellar-structure grains. Homogenization at $800^{\circ}C$ and subsequent rapid quenching formed a uniform solid solution ${\alpha}$-(CuNiSn) phase. Direct aging at $350^{\circ}C$ from the homogenized Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy promoted the precipitation of finely distributed ${\gamma}$' or ${\gamma}-(Cu,Ni)_3Sn$ phase throughout the matrix, resulting in a significant increase in microhardness and tensile strength. Cold working prior to aging was effective in strengthening Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy, which gave rise to a maximum tensile strength of 1165 MPa. Subsequent aging treatment slightly reduced the tensile strength to 1000-1100 MPa due to annealing effects.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.432-443
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• 1999

The self-toughened Si3N4 ceramics where needle-like coarse ${\beta}$-Si3N4 grains were dispersed within fine-grain-ed matrix were prepared via hot-prssing at 1730$^{\circ}C$ for 2 h using 5 vol% ${\beta}$-Si3N4 whiskers as a seed. In this study the microstructures and mechanical properties of self-toughened Si3N4 ceramics were investigated. The flexural strength of self-toughened Si3N4 ceramics was increased from 600-800 MPa of the Si3N4 monolith to 830-1025 MPa. The KIC was also increased from 4.0-5.0MPa$.$m1/2 of the Si3N4 monolith to 5.8-6.5MPa$.$m1/2$.$The needle-like coarse Si3N4 grains in self-toughened ceramics were considered to induce various toughening mechanisms including the crack deflection pull-out and bridging and to contribute to KIC improvement. In ad-dition to toughening mechanisms the KIC improvement was considered to be partially indebted also to the orien-tation of large ${\beta}$-Si3N4 grains and to the promoting effect of ${\beta}$-Si3N4 whiskers on the ${\alpha}$ to ${\beta}$ transtion.

• Metals and materials international
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1315-1326
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• 2018

In this work, ultrasonic vibration (UV) and rheo-squeeze casting was first applied on the Mg alloy reinforced with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure. The semisolid slurry of Mg-Zn-Y alloy was prepared by UV and processed by rheosqueeze casting in succession. The effects of UV, Zr addition and squeeze pressure on microstructure of semisolid Mg-Zn-Y alloy were studied. The results revealed that the synergic effect of UV and Zr addition generated a finer microstructure than either one alone when preparing the slurries. Rheo-squeeze casting could significantly refine the LPSO structure and ${\alpha}-Mg$ matrix in $Mg_{96.9}Zn_1Y_2Zr_{0.1}$ alloy without changing the phase compositions or the type of LPSO structure. When the squeeze pressure increased from 0 to 400 MPa, the block LPSO structure was completely eliminated and the average thickness of LPSO structure decreased from 9.8 to $4.3{\mu}m$. Under 400 MPa squeeze pressure, the tensile strength and elongation of the rheocast $Mg_{96.9}Zn_1Y_2Zr_{0.1}$ alloy reached the maximum values, which were 234 MPa and 17.6%, respectively, due to its fine ${\alpha}-Mg$ matrix (${\alpha}1-Mg$ and ${\alpha}2-Mg$ grains) and LPSO structure.