• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.15
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• 2023

Th cells, which orchestrate immune responses to various pathogens, differentiate from naive CD4 T cells into several subsets that stimulate and regulate immune responses against various types of pathogens, as well as a variety of immune-related diseases. Decades of research have revealed that the fate decision processes are controlled by cytokines, cytokine receptor signaling, and master transcription factors that drive the differentiation programs. Since the Th1 and Th2 paradigm was proposed, many subsets have been added to the list. In this review, I will summarize these events, including the fate decision processes, subset functions, transcriptional regulation, metabolic regulation, and plasticity and heterogeneity. I will also introduce current topics of interest.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 1994

One of the most well-known geometric lattices is a partition lattice. Every upper interval of a partition lattice is a partition lattice. The whitney numbers of a partition lattices are the Stirling numbers, and the characteristic polynomial is a falling factorial. The set of partitions with a single non-trivial block containing a fixed element is a Boolean sublattice of modular elements, so the partition lattice is supersolvable in the sense of Stanley [6]. In this paper, we rephrase four results due to Heller[1] and Murty [4] in terms of matroids and give several characterizations of partition lattices. Our notation and terminology follow those in [8,9]. To clarify our terminology, let G, be a finte geometric lattice. If S is the set of points (or rank-one flats) in G, the lattice structure of G induces the structure of a (combinatorial) geometry, also denoted by G, on S. The size vertical bar G vertical bar of the geometry G is the number of points in G. Let T be subset of S. The deletion of T from G is the geometry on the point set S/T obtained by restricting G to the subset S/T. The contraction G/T of G by T is the geometry induced by the geometric lattice [cl(T), over ^1] on the set S' of all flats in G covering cl(T). (Here, cl(T) is the closure of T, and over ^ 1 is the maximum of the lattice G.) Thus, by definition, the contraction of a geometry is always a geometry. A geometry which can be obtained from G by deletions and contractions is called a minor of G.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.289-300
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• 2011

Let T(X) denote the semigroup (under composition) of transformations from X into itself. For a fixed nonempty subset Y of X, let S(X, Y) = {${\alpha}\;{\in}\;T(X)\;:\;Y\;{\alpha}\;{\subseteq}\;Y$}. Then S(X, Y) is a semigroup of total transformations of X which leave a subset Y of X invariant. In this paper, we characterize when S(X, Y) is isomorphic to T(Z) for some set Z and prove that every semigroup A can be embedded in S($A^1$, A). Then we describe Green's relations for S(X, Y) and apply these results to obtain its group H-classes and ideals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.161-173
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• 2013

This paper is concerned with the space $\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ of $weak^*$ to weak continuous compact operators from the dual space $X^*$ of a Banach space X to a Banach space Y. We show that if $X^*$ or $Y^*$ has the Radon-Nikod$\acute{y}$m property, $\mathcal{C}$ is a convex subset of $\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ with $0{\in}\mathcal{C}$ and T is a bounded linear operator from $X^*$ into Y, then $T{\in}\bar{\mathcal{C}}^{{\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}}$ if and only if $T{\in}\bar{\{S{\in}\mathcal{C}:{\parallel}S{\parallel}{\leq}{\parallel}T{\parallel}\}}^{{\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}}$, where ${\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}$ is the topology of uniform convergence on each compact subset of X, moreover, if $T{\in}\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$, here $\mathcal{C}$ need not to contain 0, then $T{\in}\bar{\mathcal{C}}^{{\tau}_{\mathcal{c}}}$ if and only if $T{\in}\bar{\mathcal{C}}$ in the topology of the operator norm. Some properties of $\mathcal{K}_{w^*}(X^*,Y)$ are presented.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.20 no.1_2
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• pp.455-464
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• 2006

In this paper, we introduce the concept of an interval-valued fuzzy left (right, two-sided, interior, bi-) ideal generated by an interval-valued fuzzy subset in semigroups. Some characterizations of such generated interval-valued fuzzy ideals are also discussed.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 1985

A mapping f: X$\rightarrow$Y is introduced to be weakly irresolute if, for each x $\varepsilon$ X and each semi-neighborhood V of f(x), there exists a semi-neighborhood U of x in X such that $f(U){\subset}scl(V)$. It will be shown that a mapping f: X$\rightarrow$Y is weakly irresolute iff(if and only if) $f^{-1}(V){\subset}sint(f^{_1}(scl(V)))$ for each semiopen subset V of Y. The relationship between mappings described in [3,5, 6,8] and a weakly irresolute mapping. will be investigated and it will be shown that every irresolute retract of a $T_2$-space is semiclosed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.35T no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 1998

The Median of a set of number is a number which partitions the given set. The specified numbers of a set partitions in one subset and in another subset. In Image Processing, The Sorting method of numbers of one subset equal to the previous Median Filtering. but The Sorting method of numbers of another subset not equal to in the other. In this paper, a fast two-dimentional Median Filtering Algorithm is proposed. The Algorithm designed in such a during the partitioning of the previous window are used. Test results obtained by running the Algorithm on IBM PC(586) are presented and its filtering. It is shown that the proposed Algorithm's processing time is faster and independent of the number of bits used to represent the data values.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce the notion of T-part of BCI-algebras relative to a subset. We show that if A is a subalgebra of a BCI-algebra X, then so is the T-part $T_A(X)$ of X relative to A. We provide equivalent conditions that the T-part of X relative to A is an ideal.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 1990

Let K be a nonempty weakly compact convex subset of a Banach space X and T : K ${\rightarrow}$ C(X) a nonexpansive mapping satisfying $P_T(x){\cap}clI_K(x){\neq}{\emptyset}$. We first show that if I - T is semiconvex type then T has a fixed point. Also we obtain the same result without the condition that I - T is semiconvex type in a Banach space satisfying Opial's condition. Lastly we extend the result of [5] to the case, that T is an 1-set contraction mapping.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 1996

In order to develop new bioactive functions ginseng extract, it was studies whether the ginseng extracts on the induction of immunological tolerance In mice. Oral immunologic tolerance was induced by the secondary exposure of egg albumin + alum following gastrointestinal exposure nth egg albumin In mice, and the effect on anti EA antibody in blood, 7 cell subset in spleen were Investigated. The results obtained were as follows. EA group and EA + GE group was capable of conferring tolerance, contained a profound for 5 weeks experimental but saline group restricted to induce tolerance. GE group did not show the activity of tolerance by the first immunogens exposure, but induced the tolerance by the secondary exposure. And also spleen T cells, CD 8+ and CD 4+ were decreased. These results suggested that ginseng may affect the induction of immunological tolerance, which may be associated proliferative response of CD 4+ and CD 8+ in splenocyte.