• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 1994

This paper describes a current control of a single-phase PWM inverter. The proposed PWM inverter utilizes the instantaneous control method which is based on the real-time digital feedback control and the microprocessor-based deadbeat control. The deadbeat current controller is proposed to control the output current regardless of load component variations by the same method as voltage control. That is, in current control, with a very short sampling time and the successive feedback of the output current, the load current is mainly effected by the magnitude of load impedance rather than load component, the load current is mainly effected by the magnitude of load impedance rather than load component. Therefore, by treating the load as an impedance, the system's order is reduced and the instantaneous current control using the proposed deadeat controller is simplified.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 1989

In this paper the approximate average outgoing quality and properties of a class of continuous sampling plans in a short production run are investigated when the quality of successive units follows a two-state time-homogeneous Markov chain. The results of previous studies can be obtained as special cases. It is observed that the long-run average outgoing quality limit values under the statistical control differ significantly as compared to the case of short production runs in a Markov-dependent production process.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2000

In this paper, The high-speed, low-Power analog-to-digital conversion structure is proposed using the pipelined comparator away for high-speed conversion rate and the successive- approximation structure for low-power consumption. This structure is the successive-approximation structure using pipelined comparator array to change the reference voltage during the holding time. An 8-bit 10MS/s analog-to-digital converter is designed using 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ CMOS technology. The INL/DNL errors are $\pm$0.5/$\pm$1, respectively. The SNR is 41㏈ at a sampling rate of 10MHz with 100KHz sine input signal. The Power consumption is 4.14㎽ at 10MS/s.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

Experimental results on a 4-bit charge-coupled A/D converter are described. Major operations in the successive approximation algorithm are implemented in a monolithic chip, CCADC, which was fabricated usir p-channel CCD technology, with its die size of 4,200 mil2 Typical operating frequency range has been found out to be from 500Hz to 200kHz. In that frequency range, no missing code has been found in the whole signal range of 2.4 volts for ramp signal slewing at 1 LSB/(sampling time). A discussion is made on several layout techniques to conserve the nominal binary ratio of (8:4:2:1) among the areas of four adjacent potential wells (M wells), whose charge storing capacities correspond to each bit magnitude - 3.6 pC, 1.8 pC, 0.9 pC, and 0.45 pC nominal in the order of MSB to the LSB. The effect of 'dump slot', which is responsible for the excessive nonlinearity (2$\frac{1}{2}$LSB) in the A/D converter, is explained. A novel input scheme called 'slot zero insertion' to circumvent the deleterious effects of the dump slot is described with the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2317-2325
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• 2016

This paper presents a 10 bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a reference driver. The proposed SAR ADC consists of a capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC), a comparator, a SAR logic, and a reference driver which improves the immunity to the power supply noise. The reference driver generates the reference voltages of 0.45 V and 1.35 V for the SAR ADC with an input voltage range of ${\pm}0.9V$. The SAR ADC is implemented using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology with a 1.8-V supply. The proposed SAR ADC including the reference driver almost maintains an input voltage range to be ${\pm}0.9V$ although the variation of supply voltage is +/- 200 mV. It consumes 5.32 mW at a sampling rate of 10 MS/s. The measured ENOB, DNL, and INL of the ADC are 9.11 bit, +0.60/-0.74 LSB, and +0.69/-0.65 LSB, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1416-1424
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• 2008

The objective of this research was to study the production and quality of forage at three different times of the year (April, June and July) of six winter cereals in the southern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. The cereals studied were Triticale (xTriticosecale wittm) cv. "Tritano", Oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. "Prevision" and cv. "Saia; Rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. "Giganton", Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. "Cameo" and cv. "Albacete". The study was carried out in three different locations and over three successive years of harvesting. The three variables considered were location, year and cereal. The % dry matter (DM), % crude protein (CP), % acid detergent fiber (ADF), % neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and % ash content were determined for the three sampling periods and the quality was calculated in milk forage units (MFU/kg DM), the production in kg DM/ha, MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. In all three sampling periods the quality of the cereals was significantly influenced only by the year and by species. However, for production of dry matter (kg DM/ha), milk forage units (MFU/ha) and gross protein (kg CP/ha) all three variables were of significant influence as were their interactions. In the April sampling, the species which showed a significantly higher production ($p{\leq}0.05$) was rye (1,693 kg DM/ha), which, along with its forage quality (16.56% CP, 0.886 MFU/kg DM) meant that the same occurred in MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. Significant differences between species were also found for the June sampling. The most productive cereal was again rye with 2,656 kg DM/ha, although its sharp fall in forage quality meant that barley cv Albacete (2,513 kg DM/ha) returned the highest production in forage units (1,934 vs. 1,951 MFU/ha) and barley cv. Cameo (2,413 kg DM/ha) in gross protein production (242 vs. 264 kg CP/ha). The significantly highest cereal production for July was barley cv. Albacete (4,923 kg DM/ha, 9.11% CP 0.722 MFU/kg DM). As a consequence of the results, we conclude that from the viewpoint of nutritional quality and production, rye is the most suitable for use in early spring in whatever year and location. However, barley cv. "Albacete" is the most appropriate for utilisation in later spring or early summer.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.116-126
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• 2002

Discharge pattern and water quality were investigated in the drainage water from about 10 ha of groundwater-irrigated paddy field in the growing season of 2001. Total discharge quantity was about 1,117.2 mm in which about 75% was caused by management drainage due to cultural practice of paddy rice farming and the rest by rainfall runoff where total rainfall was about 515 mm. Dry-day sampling data showed wide variations in constituent concentrations with average of 26.14 mg/L, 0.37 mg/L, 3.54 mg/L at the inlet, and 43.60 mg/L, 0.34 mg/L, 3.58 mg/L at the outlet for CO $D_{cr}$ , T-P, and T-N, respectively. Wet-day sampling data demonstrated that generally CO $D_{cr}$ followed the discharge pattern and T-P was in opposite to the discharge pattern, but T-N did not show apparent pattern to the discharge. Discharge and load are in strong relationship. And based on regression equation, pollutant loads from groundwater irrigation area are estimated to be 288.34, 1.17, and 5.45 kg/ha for CO $D_{cr}$ , T-P, and T-N, respectively, which was relatively lower than the literature value from surface water irrigation area which implies that groundwater irrigation area might use less irrigation water and result in less drainage water, Therefore, total pollutant load from paddies irrigation with groundwater could be significantly lower than that with surface water. This study shows that agricultural drainage water management needs a good care of drainage outlet as well as rainfall runoff. This study was based on limited monitoring data of one year, and further monitoring and successive analysis are recommended for more generalized conclusion.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2012

In this paper, we address the tracking problem caused by camera motion and rolling shutter effects associated with CMOS sensors in consumer handheld cameras, such as mobile cameras, digital cameras, and digital camcorders. A modified particle filtering method is proposed for simultaneously tracking objects and compensating for the effects of camera motion. The proposed method uses an elastic registration algorithm (ER) that considers the global affine motion as well as the brightness and contrast between images, assuming that camera motion results in an affine transform of the image between two successive frames. By assuming that the camera motion is modeled globally by an affine transform, only the global affine model instead of the local model was considered. Only the brightness parameter was used in intensity variation. The contrast parameters used in the original ER algorithm were ignored because the change in illumination is small enough between temporally adjacent frames. The proposed particle filtering consists of the following four steps: (i) prediction step, (ii) compensating prediction state error based on camera motion estimation, (iii) update step and (iv) re-sampling step. A larger number of particles are needed when camera motion generates a prediction state error of an object at the prediction step. The proposed method robustly tracks the object of interest by compensating for the prediction state error using the affine motion model estimated from ER. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional particle filter, and can track moving objects robustly in consumer handheld imaging devices.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2015

A 10-bit 10MS/s low power consumption successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using a straightforward capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented in this paper. In the proposed capacitive DAC, switching is always straightforward, and its value is half of the peak-to-peak voltage in each step. Also the most significant bit (MSB) is decided without any switching power consumption. The application of the straightforward switching causes lower power consumption in the structure. The input is sampled at the bottom plate of the capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) as it provides better linearity and a higher effective number of bits. The comparator applies adaptive power control, which reduces the overall power consumption. The differential prototype SAR ADC was implemented with $0.18{\mu}m$ complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and achieves an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 9.49 at a sampling frequency of 10MS/s. The structure consumes 0.522mW from a 1.8V supply. Signal to noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) are 59.5 dB and 67.1 dB and the figure of merit (FOM) is 95 fJ/conversion-step.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

Gonadal development and reproductive cycle of Aplysia kurodai inhabiting the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea were investigated based on monthly changes of gonadosomatic index, gametogenesis, and developmental phases of ovotestis. A. kurodai was simultaneous hermaphrodite; the ovotestis generally embedded in the posterior dorsal surface of the brownish digestive gland. The ovotestis is composed of a large number of follicles, and both oocytes and sperm are produced in the same follicles. In the sampling periods, the adult A. kurodai population have characteristic of seasonal pattern present during only 10 months. The reproductive cycle can be grouped into the following successive stages in the ovary: inactive (December to February), active (December to April), mature and spawning (April to September). The gonadal development of A. kurodai coincided with rising temperature, and spawning occurred from April to September, when the temperature was high. The histological observations of the ovotestis suggested that this species have a single spawning season that extend over six months.