• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of victims of bullying and the demographic characteristics of victims, and their related psychopathology, in a Korean nationwide sample of youths in middle and high school over a one month period. Methods : During the autumn of 2009, students in the 7th to 12th grades at 23 secondary schools participated in a nationwide, cross-sectional study. The study subjects completed the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Based on the data acquired, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Results : Among the 3364 participants, 2272 (67.54%) completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of victimization was 28.9%. Male gender was positively associated with victimization, and grade level was negatively related to victimization. The AMPQ-II bullying score (Factor 4) was significantly (p<.001) and positively correlated to the AMPQ-II student total score (r= 0.50), Worry and thought (Factor 1 ; r=0.38), Mood and suicide (Factor 2 ; r=0.31), Academic and Internet-related problems (Factor 3 ; r=0.24), Rule violations (Factor 5 ; r=0.23), and AMPQ-II teacher total score (r=0.11). Somatization (r=0.23), Obsessive-compulsive behavior (r=0.24), Interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.30), Depression (r=0.33), Anxiety (r=0.26), Hostility (r=0.30), Phobic anxiety (r=0.22), Paranoid ideation (r=0.36), and Psychoticism (r=0.31) results from the SCL-90-R were also found to be positively related to the AMPQ-II bullying score, and remained significant after adjusting for age and gender. A total of 26% of the victims reported suicidal ideations as compared to 9% of non-victims over the month prior to the evaluation ($x^2$=119.595, df=1, p<.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the AMPQ-II bullying score significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation [Exp(b)=1.55, df=1, p<.001] after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion : School bullying was highly prevalent among Korean middle and high school students. This study provided strong evidence that suicidal ideation and psychopathology were serious problems among the victims of bullying.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2008

최근 우리나라는 어린이를 중심으로 급격한 식생활 변화(nutrition transition)를 겪고 있으며, 이로 인해 나트륨, 당류, 지방 및 포화지방산의 섭취 증가로 인한 질병 발생 위험이 높아질 것으로 우려되고 있다. 현재의 영양표시가 어린이들이 이해하기에 어려운 측면이 있어 건강에 좋은 식품의 섭취를 진작시키기 어려운 상황이다. 본 연구는 어린이들이 보다 건강에 좋은 식품을 선택하는 정보를 쉽게 제공하기 위하여 어린이 기호식품의 영양위해성분(당, 나트륨 및 지방류)의 함량에 따라 고, 중, 저로 표시하는 영양기준(안)을 설정하는데 목표를 두었다. 국내는 물론 제외국의 영양섭취기준, 영양표시를 위한 일일 영양소 기준치, 영양소함량강조 표시, 영국의 GDA(guideline daily amounts)와 신호등표시제, 식사지침 및 영양소섭취량 자료들을 검토 및 비교하였고, 제외국 어린이의 기호식품과 가공식품의 영양위해성분 영양기준 자료를 수집 및 평가하였다. 이를 바탕으로 하여 어린이 기호식품과 가공식품 중의 영양위해성분을 선정하고 고, 중, 저로 표시하는 영양기준 근거를 마련하였다. 또한 서울지역 11개 중학교와 10개 고등학교 내 판매식품 가공식품에 대한 현황 조사와 1,812명의 청소년을 대상으로 한 섭취실태 조사를 통해 다소비가공식품을 선정하였으며, 145개의 대표 가공식품을 본 연구에서 제안하는 영양기준안에 따라 분류하였다. 그 중 85개가 고지방식품으로 분류된 반면에 11개만이 고나트륨식품으로 분류되었다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제시한 영양기준안과 분량의 기준단위에 대한 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 더 많은 식품들에 대해 시뮬레이션 등의 검토가 필요하며, 산업체 등 이해당사자들의 의견 수렴 과정을 거쳐 현실적인 영양기준안으로 다듬어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.241-257
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• 1997

This study identifies a basic framework to analyze specific experiences of examinees so that which nurses are better able to understand reactions of examinees and, further, to provide better nursing treatments to them. This study follows Strauss & Corbin's analysis tool (1990). This basic framework identifies the specific mental reactions in a process away from the "being tightened" state. The main factors explaining this process include the 28 following variables : anxiety, being burdened, being suppressed, lack of agency, being suffocated, term pressure, expectation pressure, grade pressure, firmness, feebleness, helping others, being disturbed, watching others, off ficiousness, staightening on, depending on, getting along with, getting out of, shooting out, giving up, being alone, devoting, bracing up, being industrious, being harassed, being distressed, troubles, and quiting. Twelve variables are factored from the above factors which include pressure, being tighened, terms, expectations, grades, will, friends, family, open-minded confrontation, close-minded confrontation, pursuing, and wandering around. The Examinees' state of being tightened is first developed, watched by others, and finally resolved causing students either to pursue (positive reactions) or to wander around (negative reactions). Based on the theoretical framework, the following sixteen hypotheses are developed : 1. Students are less tightened in the first term. 2. Students are more tightened in the second term. 3. Students with higher grades feel less tightened. 4. Students with lower grades feel more tightened. 5. Students with higher expectations feel more tightened. 6. Students with lower expectations feel less tightened. 7. Students who are less tightened confront open-mindedly. 8. Students who are higher tightened confront close-mindedly. 9. Students with a strong will confront open-mindedly. 10. Students with a weak will confront close-mindedly. 11. Students who have more sincere friends confront open-mindedly. 12. Students who have less sincere frieds confront close-mindedly. 13. Students with family support confront open-mindedly. 14. Students with little family support confront close-mindedly. 15. Students confronting open-mindedly pursue. 16. Students confronting close-mindedly wander. We identify the following four relations from the data analysis : 1. Students with average grades in their first term are more tightened from high expectations and have a tendency to wander if they have less supporting families even if they also have a strong will and sincere friends. 2. Students with low grades in their second term are less tighened because of low expectations and have a tendency to wander if they have a weak will and few sincere friends even if they have strong family support. 3. Students with high grades in their second term are more tightened with high expectations and have a tendency to pursue confrontations open-mindedly if they have supporting families and a strong will even if they have few sincere friends. 4. Students with average grades in their first term are less tightened from fewer expectations and have a tendency to pursue confrontations open-mindedly when they have more supporting families and sincere friends even if they have a weak will. A Student's degree of being tightened are affected by grades, terms, and expectations. Being tightened is resolved positively or negatively based on will, friends, and family. We conclude that will, family support, and sincere friends cause students to confront "being tightened" open-mindedly. We also conclude that practical nursing for students who are tightened have to focus on creating environments in which students are able to confront open-mindedly.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Dentocult SM and LB scores of students and their DMF rate. The subjects in this study were 134 special school students in south Gyeong-sang province. After they were tested to find out their, they received tooth brushing education and preventive treatment. The test, education and treatment were all conducted from March 17 to April 9, 2008. Their oral state was checked and recorded by using a mirror and explorer, and then the data on oral state were analyzed to their DMFT, DT, FT and MT rates. All the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 for Windows program, and independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and crosstabs analysis were implemented to see what differences their disability type, gender, Dentocult-SM scores and Dentocult-LB scores made. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for connections between disability type and DMFT rate, the students with mental retardation were similar to the other students in that regard. The mentally retarded students had higher DT and FT rates than the other students, and the MT rate of the latter was higher than that of the former. 2. Concerning the relationship of gender to DMFT and DT rates, the girls had larger DMFT and DT rates than the boys, and the FT and MT rates of the boys were higher than those of the girls. 3. As to links between Dentocult SM scores on the tongue and DMFT, the students whose bacteria was mildly activated had the highest DMFT rate, and the students who had a severely activated bacteria had the highest DT and FT rates. Those who had a moderately activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 4.Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on maxillyright molar to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had the largest FT rate, and the students who had a mildly activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 5.Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on maxillyleft molar to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had the largest FT rate, and the students who had a mildly activated bacteria had the largest MT rate. 6. Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on mandibularright molar to DMFT and DT, FT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT, FT rates. Those who had a moderately activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 7. Regarding the connection of Dentocult SM scores on mandibularleft molar to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was mildly activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had the largest FT rate, and the students who had a moderately activated bacteria had the highest MT rate. 8. Regarding the connection of Dentocult LB scores to DMFT and DT rates, the students whose bacteria was severely activated had the highest DMFT and DT rates. Those who had no activated bacteria had a moderately FT rate, the students who had a mildly activated bacteria had a mildly MT rate.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2013

본 연구는 치위생학을 전공하는 대학생의 의사소통능력과 공감능력이 대인관계능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 대상은 편의 추출된 충청북도 소재 3개 대학교, 대전광역시 1개 대학교, 경상남도 1개 대학교로 578명의 치위생(학)과 재학생을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료는 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2013년 4월 1일부터 5월 7일까지 수집하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상자의 대인관계능력 평균은 $3.23{\pm}0.49$점, 의사소통능력의 총점은 $85.80{\pm}10.12$점, 공감능력의 총점은 $83.27{\pm}8.37$점이었다. 2. 일반적 특성에 따른 의사소통능력, 공감능력 및 대인관계능력은 연령(p<0.001), 학년(p<0.001), 임상실습경험(p<0.001), 전공만족도(p=0.016, p=0.018, p=0.047)에서 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 3. 의사소통능력, 공감능력 및 대인관계능력 간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 분석한 결과, 대인관계능력은 의사소통능력, 공감능력 및 각각의 하위 항목들과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 강하게 보였다(p<0.01). 4. 대인관계능력에 영향을 미치는 관련 변수들을 파악하기 위해 분석한 결과, 연령(p=0.037), 임상실습경험(p<0.001), 의사소통능력(p<0.001), 공감능력(p<0.001)이 대인관계능력에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났고, 이들 변수의 설명력은 57.2%였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 의사소통능력과 공감능력은 대인관계능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로, 성인기로의 발달 과정을 거치고 있는 미래의 보건의료인력인 치위생 전공 대학생의 원만한 대학생활과 성공적인 대인관계 형성을 위해 이들 변수를 고려한 교과과정 개발 및 체계적인 교육프로그램 개발이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.74-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.101-120
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• 2015

본 연구는 한류열풍의 중심국가인 중국의 대학생을 대상으로 본인이 지각하는 어머니의 로하스 성향과 건강식생활 태도를 살펴보고 중국인들의 로하스 소비 성향과 식생활 태도 분석을 통해 향후 중국진출을 모색하는 로하스적 외식기업체에게 중국 소비자에 대한 마케팅적 기초 자료를 제공하고, 나아가 중국내 로하스 소비 태도의 확산을 통한 전세계인의 건강식생활 정착에 대한 실무적, 학문적 시사점을 제공하고자 한 것으로 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 중국대학생 자녀가 인지하는 어머니의 로하스 성향 점수는 100점 만점에 평균 76.02점이었으며, 요인별로는 건강지향(4.10점), 가족지향(4.04점), 자원절약지향(3.78점), 친환경지향(3.69점), 사회복지지향(3.40점) 등의 순으로 높게 인지하였으며, 각 항목별로는 '나의 어머니는 건강식품, 자연식품, 무공해 식품을 이용하는 편이다.(4.26점)'에 가장 높은 점수를 부여하였다. 성별에 따라서는 남학생이, 거주형태는 자택이, 주 성장지는 도시 규모가 큰 곳에서 자랐을수록, $BMI(kg/m^2)$는 정상체중(p<0.05)의 대학생이 어머니의 로하스 수준을 높이 평가하였다. 중국대학생의 건강식습관 태도는 '음식 흘리지 않고 먹기(4.39점)', '식후 주변 정리하기(4.23점)', '음식 먹기 전 손 씻기(4.21점)' 등의 순으로 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 중국대학생의 건강생활습관 태도는 '즐겁고 유쾌한 생활유지를 위해 노력하는 편(3.83점)'이, 영양섭취 태도는 '매일 녹황색 채소 섭취하기(3.92점)'의 항목에서 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 또한, 어머니의 친환경적 로하스 수준이 높을수록 자녀의 건강식생활과 관련한 건강식습관태도, 건강생활습관태도 및 건강영양섭취 태도가 유의하게 높게 나타나, 향후 중국진출 외식시장에서 우리나라의 친환경 농산물을 활용한 식단 개발과 친환경적인 메뉴 보급 및 환경친화적인 식생활용품의 이용 확대를 가져올 수 있는 다양한 마케팅 전략과 노력이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for establishing school education environment protection measures, on the basis of comparing and analyzing the realities and students' recognition degree of the environment and hygiene around the middle and high schools located in the rural areas. These study data were investigated by the self-administered questionnaires, taking as subject the 805 students in the middle and high schools located rural areas. And the results were as follows: First, as the result of having investigated the distribution degree of harmful environment within the purification zone around schools, it was found out that students responded: within the purification zone around the middle school, there were cartoon rooms (46.2％), electronic game rooms (45.9％), and singing rooms (45.0％). within the purification zone around the high school, there were electronic game rooms (46.3％), singing rooms (42.3％), billiard halls (41.4％), PC rooms (40.1 ％), and Soju-room (35.2％). Secondly, as having analyzed student's recognition degree of the harmful environment around the school, it was found out that middle school students responded that sexual utensils-treating shops (3.74 points) were most harmful, and next corrupted bathhouses (3.52 points), and Soju-room (3.47 points), and high school students also responded relating to harmfulness in a similar sequence. Thirdly, in case of students' recognition degree of the harmful environment around the school according to general characteristics, 1) girl students had a higher ratio of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than boy students (p〈0.001). 2) groups of students whose living standard was high had a higher ratio of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than groups of students whose living standard was low (p〈0.05). 3) groups of students whose school was located near the park or the residential street had a higher degree of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than groups of students whose school was located near the factory or the shopping area (p〈0.01). 4) groups of students whose school was located near the park or the residential street had a higher degree of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than groups of students whose school was located near the amusement area or the shopping area (p〈0.05). Fourthly, 1) relating to the harmful shops where they experienced most highly the behavior of drinking and smoking, middle school students responded that they did so in the electronic game room (22.5％) and high school students did so in the singing room (31.4％), and high school students had a very high experience ratio of drinking and smoking, compared with middle school students (p〈0.001). 2) relating to the harmful shops where they could get in contact with lewd articles, both of middle school students (5.3％) and high school students (8.3％) responded that they could do so in the video room. 3) relating to the harmful shops where they experienced unsound opposite sex acquaintance, both of middle school students (5.8％) and high school students (16.6％) responded that they did so most highly in hotels, and high school students had a remarkably high experience ratio of unsound opposite sex acquaintance, compared with middle school students (p〈0.05). 4) relating to the harmful shops where they experienced violence, middle school students responded that they did so in the electronic game room (14.0％) and then in the singing room (3.7％), and high school students responded that they did so in the electronic game room (9.3％), the nightclub (4.6％), Soju-room (4.1 ％), and high school students had a remarkably high experience ratio of violence, compared with middle school students (p〈0.05). 5) relating to the harmful places where they experienced drugs both of middle school students (0.8％) and high school students (2.4％) responded that they did so in the hotels. Fifthly, when going to the harmful shops, students had the experience of being guided and regulated roughly 1 time - 2 times, and middle school students (16.4％) and high school students (16.7％) had almost similar experience ratios of being guided and regulated. Conclusively, there was a limit in controlling the environment and purification zone only by legal regulations and institutional controls, the self-control purification effort for the school and the surrounding environment was required greatly, in order to protect students from harmful environment. In addition, the constant study to establish the educational environment purification measures must be carried out.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.285-296
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• 2019

본 연구는 초등학생의 채소 섭취 부족 문제를 개선하고자, 사회인지론을 기반으로 초등학생의 채소 선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고 실제 영양교육 시 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하여 초등학생의 올바른 식습관 정립과 채소 섭취 증진에 도움이 되고자 한다. 조사는 2018년 6월 한달 간 초등학교 5~6학년 177명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 조사대상자는 남학생은 54.2%, 여학생은 45.8%이었으며 그 중 5학년이 27.7%, 6학년이 72.3%로 6학년의 비율이 높았다. 채소선호도에 대해 '좋아한다', '매우 좋아한다'고 응답한 아동을 채소선호군으로, '싫어한다'와 '매우 싫어한다'라고 응답한 아동을 채소비선호군으로 분류하였다. 사회인지론의 개인적 요인에 있어 긍정적 결과기대와 자아효능감은 채소선호군이 채소비선호군에 비해 모든 항목에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였다. 부정적 장애 요인에서는 모든 항목에서 채소비선호군의 점수가 채소선호군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 특히 채소는 맛이 없다는 것이 가장 큰 장애요인이었다. 행동적 요인에 있어서는 채소에 관한 영양지식은 군 간의 차이 없이 모두 높은 점수를 보였으나, 실천도에 있어서는 낮은 값을 보여 채소섭취에 대한 실천도가 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 환경적 요인에 있어서 사회적 환경인 주변인에서는 채소선호군이 채소비선호군에 비해 유의적으로 점수가 높아 주변인의 충고를 받아들일 용의가 높음을 알 수 있었고, 가장 영향력 있는 사람은 의사와 부모님이었다. 물리적 환경에서는 모든 항목에서 채소선호군의 점수가 높아 채소선호군에 속한 아동이 채소에 대한 접근성이 높은 환경에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 사회인지론의 요인들과 채소선호도와의 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 사회인지론의 요인들 중 영양지식을 제외한 모든 요인들이 채소선호도와 유의적인 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 주변인 (p < 0.01), 행동실천도 (p < 0.01) 및 자아효능감 (p < 0.05) 등이 채소선호도에 정 (+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 초등학생의 채소 선호도를 높이고 채소 섭취를 증가시키기 위해서는 영양중재활동을 통해 단순히 영양지식을 제공하기보다는 채소를 먹음으로써 나타나는 긍정적 결과 기대를 높이고, 채소가 맛이 없다는 것에 대한 부정적인 생각을 변화시키고, 채소를 잘 먹을 수 있다는 자신감을 고취시키며, 의사와 부모님 등 주변인들의 적극적인 격려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-32
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• 1998

A questionaire was conducted to obtain ran satisfactions in information of the 325 disabled persons among the total 9,314 handicapped people in Taejon area, and was surveyed during the period of June 1 to August 31, 1997. The results are as follows: 1. Among the studied disabled persons, $54.5\%$ of male, and $45.5\%$ of female. 2. Before disabled in occupation, $32.0\%$ of out of work group were high, $6.5\%$ of farm, student group were low. Before disabled in occupation by gender, male group is $29.9\%$ of out of work group were high, $0.6\%$ of housework group were low. female group is$34.5\%$ of out of work group were high, $4.7\%$ of student group were low(P<0.001). 3. After disabled in occupation, $75.1\%$ of out of work group wert high, $10.8\%$ of in working group were low. After disabled in occupation by gender, male group is $87.6\%$ of out of work group were high, $1.7\%$ of housework group were low. female group is $60.1\%$ of out of work group were hgh, $10.8\%$ of in working group were low(P<0.001). 4. Medical security status, $64.9\%$ of medical aid group wore high, $35.1\%$ of medical insurance group were low. Medical security status by gender, male group is $71.2\%$ of medical aid group were high, $28.8\%$ of medical insurance group were Iew. female group is $57.4\%$ of medical aid group wan high, $42.6\%$ of medical insurance were low(P<0.01). 5. Disabled record status, $68.6\%$ of record group were high, $31.4\%$ of non group were low. Disabled record status by gender, male group is $78.5\%$ of record group were high, $21.5\%$ of non record group were low. female group is $56.6\%$ of record group were high, $43.4%$ of non record group were low(P<0.001). 6. Disabled duration status, $42.2\%$ of loss than 9 year group were high, $10.2\%\;of\;20-29,\;30-39$ year group were low. Disabled duration status by gender,'male group is $44.6\%$ of less than 9 year group were high, $6.2\%$ of 20-29 year group wert low. female group is $39.2\%$ of less than 9 year were high, $39.2\%$ of 30-39 year group were low (P<0.05). 7. Cause of disabled status, $26.5\%$ of other group, $23.7\%$ of congenital group were high. $9.2\%$ of unknown group, $6.8\%$ of industry accident, $2.5\%$ of drug poisoning group were low. Cause of disabled status by gender, male group is $27.7\%$ of other group, $23.7\%$ of congenital group were high, $2.3\%$ drug poisoning group were low. female group is $25.0\%$ of other group, $20.9\%$ of congenital group were high, $2.5\%$ of drug poisoning group were low (P<0.001). 8. Disabled type status, $19.4\%$ of double disabled group were high, $2.2\%$ of muscle paralysis group were low. Disabled type status by gender, male group is $22.0\%$ of double disabled group were high, $2.3\%$ of muscle paralysis group were low. female group is $23.3\%$ of rheumatism group were high, $0.7\%$ of amputation group were low(P<0.001). 9. Smoking status, $73.2\%$ of non smoking group were high, $26.8\%$ of smoking group were low. Smoking status by gender, male group is $59.9\%$ of double non smoking group were high, $40.1\%$ of Smoking group were low, female group is $89.2\%$ of non smoking group were high, $10.8\%$ of smoking group were low(P<0.001). 10. Drinking status, $80.0\%$ of non drinking group were high, $20.0\%$ of drinking group were low. Drinking status by gender, male group is $72.3\%$ of non drinking group were high, $27.7\%$ of drinking group were low. female group is $89.2\%$ of non drinking group were high, $10.8\%$ of drinking group were low(P<0.001). 11. Stress level status, $52.9\%$ of high stress group were high, $1.8\%$ of very severe stress group were low. Stress level status by gender, male group is $50.8\%$ of high stress group were high, $2.3\%$ of very severe stress group were low. female group is $55.4\%$of high stress group were high, $1.4\%$ of very severe stress group were low. 12. Heed status, $28.0\%$ of economic support were high, $4.6\%$ of speech therapy, brace group were low. Need status by Sender, male group is $2i2\%$ of economic support group were high, $4.5\%$ of bracegroup were low. female group is$27.7\%$ of economic support group were high, $3.4\%$ of speech therapy group were low. 13. Care satisfaction comparision, 3.09, 0.55 point of IBR, 4.01, 0.45 point of CHR(P<0.001). 14. The variables which had positive correlation with IBR were gender(r=0.1406, P<0.01), age(r=0.1872, p<0.001), economic level(r=0.1246, P<0.05), disabled record(r=0.1137, P<0.05), education level(r=-0.1122. p<0.05). 15. The variables which had positive : correlation with CBR were gender(r=0.1613, P<0.01), age(r=0.2255, P<0.001). list of family(r=0.12i3, P<0.01), disabled record(r=0.1273, P<0.05). education level(r=-0.1294, P<0.01).