• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2017

The present study examined the effect of stimulus contrast and color on detection of a target embedded in streams of letters. In Experiment 1, each trial displayed four rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams of letters (i.e., multi-RSVP), and each stream occupied one of four different locations. Each frame in the RSVP stream had four white distractors at the locations except one frame where a dim grey target was displayed at a location with three white distractors at the remaining locations. In the low-visibility target condition, the target's grey color was slightly darker than the background grey whereas much dimmer in the high-visibility condition. Participants were asked to report presence of a predesignated target as quickly and accurately as possible upon its detection in each trial, and their target detection turned out more accurate and quicker in the high-visibility than the low-visibility condition. In Experiment 2, the same RSVP displays and task as Experiment were used, but the grey target letters in the high-visibility condition were replaced with those of distinct chromatic colors. Participants detected target presence more accurately in the high-visibility condition, but the reaction time did not differ between the visibility conditions. The results indicate that higher stimulus contrast as well as distinct color can improve perception of a target stimulus displayed among visually-demanding background, but also suggest that stimulus contrast may play a more substantial role for such perceptual improvement.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2008

Sequential Sensitivity Analysis (SSA) and conditional stimulus model have been developed to describe sequence effects in difference tests and proposed to generate prediction of differences in sensitivity between various test protocols and to assist the appropriate selection of difference test. Yet, such models did not furnish a complete explanation of the relative sensitivity in 4 different versions of 3-alternative forced choice (AFC) tests where various interstimulus rinses were introduced. In the present study, the vector of the contrasts between various conditional stimuli were measured using same-different and 2-AFC and a new 16-distribution conditional stimulus model was developed by refining Lee and O'Mahony's contrast model. This new model gave superior predictions than previous models.

• MALSORI
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• no.56
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

This study examined the speech intelligibility of one-syllable words with phonetic contrasts and analyzed segmental factors that can predict the overall speech intelligibility in hearing-impaired adults. To identify the speech error characteristics, a Korean word list was audio-recorded by 7 hearing-impaired adults, and 35 listeners selected the heard word out of 5 choices. Based in part on previous studies of speech of the hearing impaired, the word list consisted of monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) real word pairs. Stimulus words included 77 phonetic contrast pairs. The results showed that the percentage of errors in final position (coda) contrast was higher than in any other position in syllable. And the intelligibility deficit factors of phonetic contrast in the hearing-impaired were analyzed through stepwise regression analysis. The overall intelligibility was predicted by the error rate of manner contrast at coda, voicing contrast (homorganic triplets) at onset and high-low contrast at nucleus.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2020

Quantitative evaluation of the sense of smell is done by the olfactory event-related potential (OERP) test. OERP consists of N1, P1, N2, P2, and P3, of which N1 and P1 latency are known to be affected by the concentration of odor stimuli associated with the pre-sensory phase and P2 and P3 are the stages at which odors are perceived and are known to change by subjective evaluation of the stimulus. The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the expression of OERP and the subjective evaluation of the object on the fragrance stimulus using various fragrances. Therefore, the study examined the relative waveform power ratio, preference for each scent stimulus, and finally the amplitude and latency change of the components of OERP, N1 and P2. In contrast, it was found that the late P2 response waveform was an effective aroma stimulus recognition waveform in OERP compared to the initial response waveforms.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2013

3D contents could cause unique 3D visual fatigue. Screen disparity, image blurring, and crosstalk are known to be the three major factors responsible for the fatigue. Among these, screen disparity and image blurring are content factors, that is, one can directly manipulate contents themselves to handle visual fatigue caused by these two factors. On the other hand, because crosstalk is closely tied to physical characteristics of 3D display, it is difficult or even impossible to reduce crosstalk-driven visual fatigue unless one replaces 3D display itself (for example, from active to passive display). However, the effects of crosstalk on 3D visual fatigue depends on visual stimulus features (that is, contents), and thus it is possible to manipulate stimulus features in order to handle visual fatigue caused by crosstalk. Hence, this research tested the effects of visual stimulus features on crosstalk (which then causes 3D visual fatigue). Using relative depth discrimination task, we tested the effects of stimulus-background contrast, background texture density, and screen disparity on the degree of perceived crosstalk. The results showed that crosstalk decreases with presence of background texture and with less degree of screen disparity.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of surround luminance on the shape of the spatial luminance contrast sensitivity function (CSF). The reduction in brightness of uniform neutral patches shown on a computer controlled display screen is also assessed to explain the change of CSF shape. Consequently, a large amount of reduction in contrast sensitivity at middle spatial frequencies can be observed; however, the reduction is relatively small for low spatial frequencies. In general, the effect of surround luminance on the CSF appears similar to that of mean luminance. Reduced CSF responses result in less power of the filtered image; therefore, the stimulus should appear dimmer with a higher surround luminance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.863-877
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dot pattern size(0.8, 1.8, 2.5, 5, 8), color combination (BG/R, Y/B), value tone(lt/dk, p/g), area-ratio on image information. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, color combination, value tone and area-ratio using computer simulation. The subjects were 240 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, visibility, chastity.feminity, cuteness and attractiveness. In the visibility, color combination, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. In the chastity feminity, color combination, value tone, showed independent effect. In the cuteness, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of color and area-ratio combination on visibility and cuteness were found. Interaction efforts of color and value tone combination, value tone and area-ratio was significant on cuteness. For visibility image, BG/R combination of color and yellow background/blue dots were effective. For cuteness image, pale/grayish tone and background/dots area-ratio were effective.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 64 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 384 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components (attractiveness, visibility, gracefulness, and tenderness). In the 4 image components, eyeshadow color and clothing tone showed independent effect. Lipstick tone influenced independently on the visibility and tenderness. In the contrast color coordination of clothing and makeup, visibility image by the coordination of lipstick color with lipstick tone, lipstick color with clothing tone or lipstick tone with clothing tone, gracefulness image by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color, tenderness image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color, eyeshadow color with lipstick tone or eyeshadow color with clothing tone.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.992-1007
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• 2008

This study was meant to offer the data for predicting the product plan answering the diverse demands for consumers based on the results of analyzing the image and formative property by transforming the stripe patterns. The concrete study way is composed of the collected stimulus centering on the interval of the stripe pattern and value contrast coloration. Consequently 192 stimuli, changed by the pattern direction and pattern interval, clothing style, and contrast coloration, are selected. The experimental materials made for this study are a set of stimuli and response scale. The statistics way used in analysis was factor analysis, ANOVA, dispersion analysis, multiple classification analysis. The results of this study were summed as following. Firstly, In the value contrast, a pair of 27 adjectives were made of attractiveness, activeness, gracefulness, visibility, and tenderness dimension. Secondly, the direction of the pattern, interval, clothing style, and contrast coloration were respectively transformed according to value contrast.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.103-123
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• 2021

This paper examines the impact of the regional cash subsidies which were granted in some districts in addition to the national universal stimulus payment in South Korea related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluate the effects of the cash distribution per resident on aggregate credit and debit card sales and sales by industry using the difference-in-difference method. The increment in card spending due to the cash subsidy is about 1.58%p in total, and this effect is concentrated within a single month. The consumption stimulating effect is prominent among (semi)-durable goods that do not require close interactions between customers and sellers. In contrast, the effect is relatively small in the high-contact face-to-face service sectors and restaurants, areas the COVID-19 pandemic hit directly. On the other hand, some service sectors where customers could wear face masks, such as education and fitness, experienced a substantial sales boost due to the cash subsidy.