Journal of Broadcast Engineering (방송공학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers (한국방송∙미디어공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Stimulus-background Contrast, Background Texture Density and Screen Disparity of Stimulus on Crosstalk Perception

자극과 배경의 대비, 배경 텍스쳐 밀도, 자극의 화면 시차가 크로스톡 지각에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2012.12.27
  • Accepted : 2013.02.14
  • Published : 2013.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

3D contents could cause unique 3D visual fatigue. Screen disparity, image blurring, and crosstalk are known to be the three major factors responsible for the fatigue. Among these, screen disparity and image blurring are content factors, that is, one can directly manipulate contents themselves to handle visual fatigue caused by these two factors. On the other hand, because crosstalk is closely tied to physical characteristics of 3D display, it is difficult or even impossible to reduce crosstalk-driven visual fatigue unless one replaces 3D display itself (for example, from active to passive display). However, the effects of crosstalk on 3D visual fatigue depends on visual stimulus features (that is, contents), and thus it is possible to manipulate stimulus features in order to handle visual fatigue caused by crosstalk. Hence, this research tested the effects of visual stimulus features on crosstalk (which then causes 3D visual fatigue). Using relative depth discrimination task, we tested the effects of stimulus-background contrast, background texture density, and screen disparity on the degree of perceived crosstalk. The results showed that crosstalk decreases with presence of background texture and with less degree of screen disparity.

3D 영상을 시청하면서 느끼는 고유한 피로를 입체 시각 피로라고 부른다. 이 현상을 유발시키는 주된 요인으로 꼽히는 것은 화면시차, 상 흐림, 크로스톡 (crosstalk)의 세 가지 요인으로 알려져 있다. 이 중 화면 시차와 상 흐림은 영상 콘텐츠에 의하여 결정되며, 사용하는 디스플레이 종류에 관계없이 직접 조작할 수 있다. 그러나 크로스톡 요인은 다른 요인과는 다르게 3D 디스플레이의 물리적인 특성에 의하여 결정되는 요인이며 따라서 손쉽게 감소시키거나 제거하는 것이 불가능하다. 그러나 크로스톡이 입체 시각 피로에 미치는 영향은 자극 특성에 의하여 달라지며, 이러한 자극 특성은 조작 가능하다. 따라서 크로스톡이 입체 시각 피로에 미치는 영향을 확인하려면 크로스톡 지각에 영향을 미치는 자극 특성의 효과를 확인하여야 한다. 이런 목적을 달성하기 위하여 상대적 깊이 판단 과제를 사용하여 자극 특성 (자극과 배경의 대비, 배경 텍스쳐 밀도, 자극의 화면 시차)이 크로스톡 지각에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 그 결과 영상에 배경이 존재하고 자극의 화면시차가 적을 때 지각되는 크로스톡이 감소함을 시사하는 결과를 얻었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Gillam, B. The perception of spatial layout from static optical information, in Perception of space and motion. edited by Epstein, W. and Rogers, S. Academic Press, California. 27, 1995.
  2. Howarth, P. A. Potential hazards of viewing 3‐D stereoscopic television, cinema and computer games: a review. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 31(2), pp.111-122. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00822.x
  3. Takaki, Y. and Nago, N., Multi-projection of lenticular displays to construct a 256-view super multi-view display. Optics Express, 18(9), pp.8824-8835. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.008824
  4. Milgram. P. and Van der Horst. R. Alternating-field stereoscopic displays using light-scattering liquid crystal spectacles. Displays, 7, pp.67-72. 1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(86)90110-1
  5. Harris M.R., Geddes. A.J., and North. A. C. T. Frame-sequential stereoscopic system for use in television and computer graphics. Displays, 7, pp.12-16. 1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(86)90039-9
  6. Lane. B. Stereoscopic displays. Processing and display of three-dimensional data; Proceedings of the SPIE Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA. pp.20-32. 1983.
  7. Dodgson, N. A. Autostereo displays: 3D without glasses. EID: Electronic Information Displays, 1997.
  8. Kooi, F. L. and Toet, A. Visual comfort of binocular and 3-D displays. Displays, 25, pp.99-108, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2004.07.004
  9. IJsselsteijn. W. A., Seuntiens. P. H. J., and Meesters. L. M. J., 3D Videocommunication-Algorithms, Concepts and Real-Time Systems in Human-centred Communication, New York. pp.219-234, 2005.
  10. Woods A., Docherty. T., and Koch. R., Image Distortions in Stereoscopic Video Systems, Proc. SPIE 1915, pp.36-49. 1993.
  11. Hyung-Chul O. Li, Human Factor Research on the Measurement of Subjective Three Dimensional Fatigue, Journal of Broadcast Engineering of Korea, 15(5), pp.607-616, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2010.15.5.607
  12. Wang, L., Tu, Y., Chen, L. , Zhang, P. , Teunissen, K.m and Heynderickx, I. Crosstalk acceptability in natural still images for different (auto) stereoscopic display technologies, Journal of the SID, 18(6), pp.405-414, 2010.
  13. Woodgate. G. and Harrold. J. High efficiency reconfigurable 2D/3D autostereoscopic display," SID Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, 34(1). pp.394-397, 2003.
  14. Rashbass. C. and Westheimer. G. Disjunctive eye movements. J Physiol. 159, pp.339-360. 1961. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006812
  15. M. Siegel, Perceptions of crosstalk and the possibility of a zoneless autostereoscopic display. Proc. SPIE, 4297, 34-41. 2001.
  16. Diopter Kleiner, M., Brainard, D. and Pelli, D., What's new in Psychtoolbox-3?. Perception 36 ECVP Abstract Supplement. 2007
  17. Fry, G. Further experiments on the accommodative convergence relationship. American Journal of Optometry, 16, pp.325-334. 1939. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-193909000-00002
  18. Busettini, C., Miles, F. A., and Krauzlis, R. J. Short-latency disparity vergence responses and their dependence on a prior saccadic eye movement. Journal of Neurophysiology, 75(4), pp.1392-1410. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1392
  19. Duk-Joong Kim, Hyung-Chul O. Li, and ShinWoo Kim, Glasses-free Interactive 3D Display: The Effects of Viewing Distance, Orientation and Manual Interaction on Visual Fatigue, Journal of Broadcast Engineering of Korea, 17(4), pp.572-582, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2012.17.4.572
  20. Giseok Kim, Jae-Soo Cho, and Gi-Mun Um, Robust Viewpoint Estimation Algorithm for Moving Parallax Barrier Mobile 3D Display, Journal of Broadcast Engineering of Korea, 17(5), pp.817-826, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2012.17.5.817

Cited by

  1. Measurement and Modeling of Crosstalk and 3D Visual Fatigue Along with Horizontal Position in Mobile Glassless 3D Display Having Parallax Barrier vol.19, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2014.19.2.215