• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.637-653
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• 2017

Meta-analysis was conducted on 56 studies published in Korea until April 2017 to systematically integrate factors of ego integrity of the elderly. The variables related to ego integrity were divided into 6 groups of variable, and the effect sizes were computed for each variable of their groups. The analysis results are as follows. First, the total effect size showed the middle effect size, and the effect size according to the variable group showed the largest effect size for the positive psychological variable group, followed by the negative psychological variable, the physical variable, the familial variable, the social variable and the demographic variable. Second, the largest effect size of the sub-variables on the each individual variable group showed positive psychological variable was life quality, negative psychological variable was depression, physical variable was health behavior, familial variable was children relationship, social variable was social support and demographic variable was economic status. As described above, suggesting that these variables may have a strong influence on ego integrity among the variables related to ego integrity because the quality of life, life satisfaction and depression were shown as the largest effective variables related to ego integrity.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2007

The word "Loss" means being deprived a person's meaningful property, people or idea by irresistible force, and it is not avoidable in one's life. Especially, the elderly have higher possibility to experience this "Loss" than any other age groups on account of their characteristics. Feeling grief of loss after going through any kind of loss is natural and normal. However, if someone has severe trouble with overcoming this grief, it would affect negatively to his/her psychological or social inelastic. Therefore, we tried to find out which factors consists the "Grief of loss" and how it affects on the elderly's quality of life, especially on the sense of ego-integrity through this study. 97 of the elderly over age 65 participated in the survey and the results as follow; grief of loss is classified into four factors, 'economical loss', 'loss from being parted by death', 'loss of physical functions' and 'loss of relations'. These four factors of "Grief of loss" showed negative correlations with the scores of the sense of ego-integrity factors except 'acceptance of death'. Especially, the 'economical loss' affects on every factor of the sense of ego-integrity negatively except 'acceptance of death' and 'acceptance of aging'. Moreover, 'loss of physical functions' and 'loss of relations' affect negatively on elderly's satisfaction to their lives. On the other hand, the 'loss from being parted by death' of "Grief of loss" and 'acceptance of death' of the sense of ego-integrity showed no statistically significant effect in every process of analysis.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.119-133
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly changing the behavior of members of society. Typically, the strong contagious power of the virus minimizes interaction between people in the real world, and they keep interaction activities to a minimum through online activities. Recently, as people demand online activities that enhance a sense of reality, the metaverse, which strengthens the 3D technology-centered sense of presence capability, is being chosen by people. The purpose of this study is to suggest a strategic direction for the establishment of the metaverse business model of startups by presenting factors for users' use and gratification of the metaverse. In detail, this study proposes the motivation for using the metaverse by reflecting the uses and gratification theory, and suggests a method to strengthen the motivation for the metaverse by reflecting the presences provided by the metaverse plotform and individual characteristics (normtive interpersonal influence). We surveyed people over 20 years of age who experienced metaverse and obtained 314 samples. In addition, we conducted the main effect analysis using the structural equation model and the moderating effect analysis using Process 3.1. As a result of hypothesis testing, we confirmed that metaverse presence (telepresence, social presence) has a positive effect on intention to continuous use by increasing metaverse's use and satisfaction factors (information, enjoyment, social interactivity). In addition, we found that individuals' normative interpersonal influence moderated the positive relationship between uses and gratification factors(enjoyment and social interactivity) intention to continuous use. Our study suggests strategies for establishing a user-centered business model for companies related to the metaverse.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.285-301
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• 2020

Looking at the problem of aging in the nation from a demographic perspective, it is not a problem of the overall population, but of the structure of the population. It is the baby boomer and post-baby boomers, the largest population in the country. Baby boomers were born between 1955 and 1963, and currently have a population of 7001,333, which is 13.6 percent (as of 2015). The Post-Baby Boomer generation was born between 1964 and 1974, with a total population of 9,567,171, accounting for 18.8 percent of the total population. In particular, baby boomers and post-baby boomers (32.4% of the total population) have begun to retire or will retire soon. The average life expectancy continues to increase due to the development of medical technology, and the falling birth rate of newborns and the declining population of the production population are darkening the domestic economy. In a policy proposal aimed at easing the nation's falling economic growth rate, women's participation rate is as high as Sweden and men's efforts to increase it as high as Japan's, while the elderly rate is desirable to maintain Korea's high level. This is because the expansion of the elderly generation's participation in economic activities could ease a sharp drop in economic growth and reduce the burden of supporting the elderly population. The study, based on this social problem awareness and problem solving plan, looks at the relationship between career orientation and satisfaction in start-up education based on the diverse career base of active seniors, and also suggests the importance of customized start-up education on the diversity of active seniors by clarifying the relationship between them, and suggests the desirable direction of senior start-up policy design, funding, and start-up education. Based on the theoretical background, the concept of five factors was defined: active senior, career-oriented, satisfaction level of start-up education, willingness to start a business, and the concept definition of an active senior, which is particularly key to the baby boomers in their 50s and 60s, is generally regarded as a source of consumption or welfare benefits, but in this study, the concept of active start-up is reflected in the domestic start-up market by young people in their 40s, 50s and 60s. As a result of a hypothesis test. Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 5: Career orientation has been verified to affect the willingness to start a business and the behavior of preparation for a start-up. Hypothesis 3: The willingness to start a business has been verified as having an effect between startup preparation actions. Hypothesis 4: The satisfaction level of start-up education has been verified to affect start-up preparation behavior. However, hypothesis 2: The satisfaction level of education for start-ups does not affect the willingness to start a business. Such results can be inferred that satisfaction in start-up education does not have a direct effect on the will to start a business and increases the will to start a business through the influence of personal career orientation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.547-557
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• 2020

This study examined the level of depression according to the characteristics of school and family life of female high school students. In particular, this study attempted to identify the relationship between academic stress and the depression levels. The survey conducted a self-administered questionnaire from 438 students at D city in August, 2019. As a result, the distribution of the depression levels among the study subjects was 78.8 % for 「normal」 and 21.2 % for 「depression」, and the distribution of depression was significantly higher in groups with higher academic stress. The academic stress and depression levels showed significant positive correlations. In logistic regression analysis, the risk ratio of 「depression」was significantly higher in groups with higher academic stress than in groups with lower academic stress. According to multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting the level of depression were chosen as significant variables, such as academic achievement, relationship with school fellow, satisfaction with school life, test stress, study stress, and career stress. The above findings suggest that the level of depression in female high school students was related to academic stress and many other variables of school and family life characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.740-753
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop and apply an out-of-school STEAM program model based on Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) for underprivileged students in the lower grades. To this end, a STEAM program based on SEL was developed, with the following characteristics. First, by integrating traditional STEAM learning elements and SEL elements, a structured program was designed with consistent stages, including mindfulness meditation→present an authentic situation→creative design→emotional experiences→reflection. Second, the program was structured so that elementary school students could develop mathematical thinking and scientific inquiry skills in problem-solving situations in daily life. Third, the detailed themes for each STEAM program involved storytelling-based problem situations, as well as activities centered on play and sympathy to reflect the educational needs of underprivileged students. From these characteristics, a total of five programs were developed and applied to 16 teachers and 354 lower-grade elementary school students in 16 community children centers nationwide. The results were as follows. First, while students' satisfaction with the STEAM program was 4.16, there were no significant differences in STEAM satisfaction according to gender. Second, while all students' interest and self-efficacy, which was one of sub factors of STEAM attitude, were significantly improved, no significant difference was seen in STEAM attitudes according to gender. Third, although students' SEL competencies were not significantly improved, relationship skills, which were among the sub factors of SEL competencies, were significantly improved, and there were no significant differences in SEL competencies according to gender. From these results, a discussion on the effect of the out-of-school STEAM program for underprivileged students and directions for follow-up studies was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-118
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• 1988

Systematic Training for Effective Parenting, developed by Dinkmeyer and McKay, is a parent education program that emphasizes social-emotional development. The present research studied the applicability of STEP to Korean mothers by examining changes in mothers' self-concept, mother's child-rearing attitudes, and children's behavior. The subjects of this study were 43 mothers of a kindergarten in Chonju City. 25 mothers were assigned to the control group and 18 mothers to the experimental group. Primary observes, consisting of 43 fathers of kindergarten children, and secondary observers, consisting of 43 Woosuk University students observed mothers' child-rearing attitudes and children's behavior. Instruments included the self-concept test by Jung Woonsik, Schaefer's Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, O Kiseon's Parent Child Relationship Test, Fear's parent questionnaire, and McKay's Adlerian Parental Assessment of Child Behavior. The mothers' child-rearing attitudes and the children's behavior are recorded by the observers and were compared with mothers' responses. The data were analyzed by MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance), and ANOVA (analysis of variance). While the MANOVA showed no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups in changing the mothers' self-concept, differences in 5 of the 8 subfactors showed that STEP implemented positive change in the self-identity, self-satisfaction, self-behavior, personal self and family self in the experimental group. The MANOVA showed a significant difference between the two groups in changing the mothers' child-rearing attitudes. That is after participating in the STEP program, the mothers of the experimental group showed more significant progress than those of the control group. Mothers' observations of positive change in children's behavior agreed with those of the primary and secondary observers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.277-289
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• 2017

This research was psychological convergence research for job satisfaction improvement of emotional worker, and verified the effects of jobscape on psychological welfare and moderating effects of ego-resilience through the relation between jobscape and psychological welfare. Research hypothesis was verified by SPSS 20.0 program based on surveys from workers in travel agency in Seoul. As a result, jobscape that includes physical, emotional and social environment has a positive effect on psychological well-being and has a negative effect on psychological burnout. Moreover, ego-resilience plays a moderating role in relation among these factors. Based on the result, this study suggests that jobscape is an important factor in psychological welfare of the employees in tourism industry and emphasizes the importance of role of the employees' ego-resilience by revealing ego-resilience as an important moderating variable.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.550-557
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among school girls in Korea and identify factors influencing the tendency to depression. Methods: A self-report survey was conducted with South Korean middle schoolgirls who were in the 8th and 9th grades. Four hundred and one schoolgirls were included in the study. The instruments utilized in this study were the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale and Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple logistic regression with SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: The average depression score of the participants was 20.68, which indicates moderate levels of depression. About 35% of the schoolgirls in this study reported a tendency to depression. Significant predictors for depression were 'decreased problem-solving abilities', 'no family members with whom they can discuss their concern', 'decreased satisfaction in relationship with friends', and 'increased negative self-perception of body-image'. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that schoolgirls require special concern regarding the risk of developing depression. Regular depression screening could be beneficial for early detection of depression in schoolgirls and enhancing problem-solving ability could be considered as an effective strategy to reduce the risk of depression among schoolgirls.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.375-388
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of work factor/home factor on health status in women office workers. This study investigated the relationship of various influencing factors between health status using claims data of the The Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey sample from 2017. To this end, we employed logistic regression analysis using sample data from 3,115 female office workers. Logistic regression results indicate that influential factors were ages, employment status, satisfaction with the work environment, sex ratios at workplace, economic burden, childcare burden, housework burden. We discussed several policy and academic implications. As women become more active in society, the number of female workers is increasing. If employers improve the health status of female workers, they will benefit from improved productivity in their business. Therefore, improving the work conditions of the those female workers is very important. Also, practical policy considerations should be needed for female workers to strengthen their social capital in order to enhance their status of health.