• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1980

PURPOSE This study was intended to analyze the play-form of normal preschool children as related to age, sex, educational experience and social maturity. METHOD 1. Subjects The subjects of this study were eighty seven 3-, 4- and 5-year-old preschool children attending educational institutions in Seoul. 2. Instruments The instruments used in this study consisted of twenty one-minute observations in 5 preschool settings and a questionnaire designed to measure the children's social maturity filled in by their parents. The observations provided information on the children's free play, that is 1) play-form: solitary, parallel and group play 2) use/non-use of toys 3) behavior: play, activity, doing nothing, onlooking 4) stationary/moving dimensions 5) play group size The questionnaire measured such factors as communication, socialization, locomotion, self-help and self-direction. 3. Data Analysis Data analysis consisted of percentage and Chi square. RESULTS 1. Play-Form The relationship between age and play-form proved to be significant at the .05 level. That is, in both boys and girls, solitary play decreased with age and group play increased with age while parallel play maintained a similar position. The relationship between sex and play-form proved to be significant at the .05 level in 3-& 4-year-old children, but not significant in 5-year-old children. That is, in their $3^{rd}$ year boys engage in the solitary play more than girls and in their $4^{th}$ year boys engage in more group play than girls. 2. Toys Without differentiation of sex and age, cases of using toys in play exceed those cases where toys were not used. 3. Behavior The relationship between age and behavior proved to be significant at the .05 level in both boys and girls. That is, with increase of age, play decreased and activity increased in boys while play increased and doing nothing decreased in girls. 4. Moving Status Totally, moving occurred more frequently in play than stationary status. Moving proved not to have a significant relationship with age, but it did Navel a significant relationship with sex at the .05 level. That is, moving tended to increase with the increase in age in both boys and girls, but not at a significant level. Boys moved significantly more than girls in all three age levels. 5. The Relationship between Educational Experience and Play-Form There was a tendency for children with longer preschool experience to engage in less solitary play and more group play than children who had less than one semester of preschool experience, but this difference was not statistically significant. 6. The Relationship between Social Maturity and Play-Form The high social maturity group engaged in less solitary play and more group play than the low social maturity group, but this was not a statistically significant difference. 7. Play Group Size Play group size was 2~10 children, but the majority of play groups consisted of 2~3 children. There was a tendency for play groups composed of 2 children to decrease with age and play groups composed of 3 children to increase with age. No significant difference was found between the sexes in play group size.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.99-125
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• 2014

Internet environment and innovative ICT(information and communication technology) have brought about big changes to our lifestyle and industrial structure. In spite of the convenience of Internet, various cyber incidents such as malicious code infection, personal information leakage, smishing(sms + phishing), and pharming have frequently occurred. Information security must be recognized as a key and compulsory element for surviving in a global economy. Strategic roles of information security have recently been increasing, but effective implementation of information security is still a major challenge to organizations. Our study examines the influencing factors of information security and investigates the causal relationship between information security maturity level and organizational performance through an empirical survey. According to the results of our study, personal, organizational, technical, and social factors affect organizations's information security maturity level altogether. This result suggests that when dealing with security issues, the holistic and multi-disciplinary approaches should be required. In addition, there is a causal relationship between information security maturity level and organizational performance, and organizations aim to establish the efficient and effective ways to enhance information security maturity level on the basis of the results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.17-44
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• 1987

The study examined the characteristics of the relationship of home environment variables and children's social development. Two studies were conducted ; Study I examined (1) the correlation of home environment variables and children's social ability and (2) the predictability of home environment variables for children's social ability by children's age. Study II investigated the causal relationship among the variables which are supposed to affect children's social ability. The subjects of this study were 240 children at age four, six and eight attending nursery schools, kindergartens and elementary schools and their mothers. Instruments included the Inventory of Home Stimulation (HOME), the Inventory of Sociodemographic Variables, social maturation scale, and the social-emotional developmental rating scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) Home environment variables had a positive correlation with children's social development at age four and six, but at age eight, only HOME variables had a significant positive correlation with children's social development. 2) The home environmental variables that significantly predicted children's social development differed according to children's age. That is, play materials, economic status of the home, and parent education were predictive of children's social development at age four, while parent's education, fostering maturity and independence, and play materials were predictive at age six. Fostering maturity and independence, aspects of physical environment, and economic status of the home were predictive at age eight. 3) The causal model of home environment effect on children's social development was formulated by exogenous variables (parent education and economic status of the home) and endogenous variables (direct stimulation, indirect stimulation and the emotional climate of the home). 4) The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the variables that have a direct effect on children's social development differed according to children's age. That is, direct stimulation had more effect on children's social development at earlier ages, and indirect stimulation had more effect on children's social development at later ages. Among socio-demographic variables, parent's education was most closely related to children's social development. The amount of variance that explained children's social development decreased with increase in children's age.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2021

At a time when children of multicultural families have begun to enter adolescence in Korea, this study examined the effects of parental support and bicultural acceptance on the career attitude maturity of multicultural adolescents. This study tried to derive the implications related to the career path of multicultural adolescents by verifying the effects of self-esteem on the relationship between parental support, bicultural acceptance, and career attitude maturity. Using the 8th Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey data (MAPS), the relative influence of antecedent variables on career attitude maturity was confirmed by hierarchical regression analysis of the data from 1,197 respondents. Model 1 included gender and parental support, Model 2 added bicultural acceptance to Model 1, and Model 3 added self-esteem to Model 2. As a result of the study, in Model 1, women had higher career attitude maturity than men, and the more supportive their parents were, the more positive the level of career attitude maturity. The adjusted R2 of Model 1 was .058, which did not have much influence. In Model 2, gender, parental support, and bicultural acceptance had statistically significant effects on career attitude maturity, and the amount of change in F was also significant. The adjusted R2 of Model 2 was .132. In Model 3, parental support was not statistically significant, and gender, bicultural acceptance, and self-esteem had statistically significant effects on career attitude maturity. The amount of change in F was statistically significant and the adjusted R2 was .185. That is, it was confirmed that the more the women, the more the bicultural acceptance, and the higher the self-esteem, the more prepared and determined the career path. Based on the research results, the implications related to career preparation of multicultural adolescents were presented.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.189-197
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence the depression and social maladjustment in adolescence of multi_cultural families. The participants were 211 adolescents in multicultural family. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using hierarchical regression with the SPSS 23.0 program. The stress, career maturity and authoritarian caring attitude had a significant impact on depression(F=13.77, p<.001). The stress, authoritarian caring attitude, negative impact and resilience, career maturity, cultural diversity attitude, open communication, parents' support showed positive impact on social maladaptation(F=13.77, p<.001). This study contributes an integrated understanding of adolescents in multicultural family. And the findings was provided basic data for the development of intervention program on depression and social maladjustment for adolescents in multicultural family.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1999

This study investigated characteristics of H.T.P test responses according to home environment variables. The subjects were 183 children in the fifth grade at an elementary school in Taejon. SAS was utilized in order to analyze data using x2 technique. The result of the study were as follows. The more home environment stimuli the children were provided by parents, the more stable in emotion they were. Especially four out of six home environment variables were found significant in helping children become emotionally stable, confident, well-adjusted, and high in achievement. These four variables were language stimulus, social maturity educational resources, and housing environment. It is concluded that children used to be provided with good home environment including language stimulus, social maturity, educational resource, housing environment, and plenty of family activities in order to become emotionally stable, confident, high in achievement, and adjustment.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.76-92
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate major satisfaction and career maturity according to the values of college students majoring in food management and culinary arts. To do this, frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were conducted and analyzed using SPSS18.0 program. Analysis results indicate that the values of the college students majoring in dining and culinary education have effects on major satisfaction and career maturity. In particular, pragmatic value is a very important factor in increasing major satisfaction and career maturity, and social recognition and curriculum factors are very significant for students to make career decisions. Therefore, in order to enhance college students' major satisfaction and career maturity, it's necessary to teach sound values so that they can build self-esteem value. Also, it's essential to organize subject contents and curriculums in which theory and practice are allocated properly so that students can be interested in their majors and have new experience as well as the community's right recognition for college students majoring in dinning and culinary education and their active interest as the study suggests.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.100-108
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of university students' dependence on smart-phone on career attitude maturity and the mediating effect of interpersonal problem in the analysis path. For this purpose, the study implemented a survey on students of universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area and carry out a structural equation for empirical verification with a total of 218 copies. As a result, first, high level of daily life disturbance and virtual world orientation of university students, have a positive effect on interpersonal problems. Second, high level of daily life disturbance and virtual world orientation of university students, have a negative effect on career attitude maturity. Third, interpersonal problems of college students had a negative effect on career attitude maturity, and they were found to be fully mediated in relation to smart-phone dependence and career attitude maturity. Therefore, this study suggests that it can be used as a basic data for the development and application of various programs promoting the career attitude maturity of university students.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.243-262
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• 2023

In the rapidly developing information technology environment, information management organizations need to effectively evaluate their digital maturity and clarify the direction of improvement to effectively respond to rapidly changing environments. This study derived weights for the digital curation maturity model developed by KISTI from the perspective of digital transformation to facilitate effective evaluation and direction setting of information management organizations. Relative importance was derived as a weight in the major and middle categories of the model through the AHP technique. Summarizing the results, when the major categories of the entire model are measured on the basis of 100 points, technology is 27 points, data is 24 points, strategy is 19 points, organization (manpower) is 16 points, and (social) influence is calculated as 14 points. In addition, weights for each subcategory were presented for each major classification based on a perfect score of 100 points. It is expected that a more objective and reasonable evaluation will be possible by applying the weights for each area derived from this study to the digital transformation maturity evaluation model.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.75-84
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships among Social maturity(SM), Self-directed learning(SDL) and Self-concept of professional nursing(SCPN), and influencing factors of SCPN of nursing students. The survey was performed on 221 nursing students in two universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaires and analysed with PASW 22.0. Study findings revealed that SCPN has a significant correlation with SM and SDL. Major satisfaction(${\beta}=.179$), Meaning on nursing(${\beta}=.274$), SM(${\beta}=.118$) and SDL(${\beta}=.211$) about SCPN were significant predictive variables. This variables accounted for 34.4% of the variance in SCPN. The findings indicate the necessity of developing educational programs to enhance nursing students's SM and SDL for increasing positive SCPN.