• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make a preference and result analysis on the free inquiry method of pre-service elementary school teachers. Also, this study investigates how free inquiry activities effect the science-related attitudes and the self-directed learning characteristics of pre-service elementary school teachers. For this study 76, second year, science education pre-service elementary school teachers from Busan National University of education were selected. The inquiry examined the effectiveness of each of the following teaching methods: the IIM method, the PBL method, the PROJECT method, and the small group inquiry method. The students were divided into groups in which they incorporated the respective methods into their practice. In conclusion, the IIM free inquiry activities proved to be much more effective than the PBL method, the PROJECT method, and the small group inquire method in terms of developing self-directed learning characteristics and science related attitudes at the significant difference of p=0.05.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of small inquiry method on space perception ability and creative personality. Testees of this research are 36 elementary pre-service teachers taking an astronomical observation class. Doing inquiry activity after 36 elementary pre-service teachers are classified into 6 Jigsaw small inquiry. Learning activity was split into two groups, expert group and a population. To find out research outcome, pre-test was executed space perception ability test, creative personality test. Analysis of test result was accomplished with statistical package SPSS 18.0 paired t testing hypothesis. The results of this study are as follows. First, 'source of season change' class using Jigsaw small inquiry method has effect on space perception ability improvement. This was interpreted that space perception ability improvement was effective because characteristic of Jigsaw small inquiry is made up of lots of semin Second, 'source of season change' class using Jigsaw small inquiry method has no effect on creative personality. This was interpreted that experiment and discussion activity getting accomplished in a short time has no effect on qualitative characterizing Creative Personality improvement.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.167-182
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• 2020

소집단 과학 탐구 활동에서의 학습자들의 적극적인 참여와 활발한 상호작용은 과학 학습의 효과를 결정하는 주요한 요인이라 할 수 있다. 소집단 내 구성원들 간의 상호작용을 촉진시키기 위하여 소집단 구성원들에게 역할을 부여할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 중학생들의 과학 탐구 활동에서 역할 부여가 언어적 상호작용의 유형 변화와 양상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 광역시 소재 2개 중학교 학생 172명을 대상으로 하였다. 역할을 부여한 소집단 18개, 역할을 부여하지 않은 소집단 15개를 분석하였다. 역할 부여에 따라 탐구 활동에서의 언어적 상호작용 유형의 변화는 크게 소외형과 참여형으로 구분하였다. 역할을 부여한 경우에 참여형이 소외형에 비해 더 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 언어적 상호작용의 양상은 인지적, 정의적 측면에서 역할을 부여하였을 때 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다. 이를 바탕으로 역할 부여가 과학 탐구의 유형과 탐구 단계에 따라 언어적 상호작용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 또한 소집단 구성과 역할 부여 방식에 대한 추가적인 연구도 요구된다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2020

To achieve effective learning, knowledge must be shared and developed through interaction with peer learners. Therefore, science education emphasizes small group inquiry activities that solves tasks through the interaction of members. The effect of small group inquiry activities depends on how to compose small groups. The way in which a group is composed is a very important factor for improving interaction. In particular, it has been reported that the gender of peer is a very important factor in the interaction between students in the composition of small groups. Meanwhile, studies are being conducted on the types and stability of verbal interactions in small group inquiry activities using social network analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the types and stability of verbal interaction types and stability according to gender-grouping in elementary school students' small group activities using social network analysis. To this end, 60 5th graders in elementary school were conducted with different gender in the composition of the group of male, female and mixed-gender students. The study found that the composition of a group by gender had little impact on the type or stability of verbal interaction. However, the frequency of verbal interactions was higher in mixed-gender groups than in other groups. Through this process, the gender-grouping in elementary school students' small group activities suggests a mixed-gender group.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to find the effect of the lesson using open-inquiry report Lubric on open-inquiry standard and science process skill; to find the change of cognition on open-inquiry for elementary school 5th grade students. Two classes (elementary school 5th grade) were selected which located in a small and medium-sized city for this research and they were separated as an experimental group and a comparative group. Open-inquiry lesson was done by referring teaching method which introduced through the curriculum. The procedure was understanding about open-inquiry, making open-inquiry subject, planning, and performing inquiry, mid-term, performing inquiry, making a report, presentation, and evaluation. Open-inquiry report Lubric which developed by Sook-Kyung Kim et al. (2010) was provided to the experimental group. Comparative group was instructed by using open-inquiry report which introduced to the elementary school 5th grade science text book. Interview paper was developed in order to check out the effect of the research by using a test paper of science process skill. The following could be found out through the research. After open-inquiry lesson, 10 open-inquiry reports(5 reports from experimental group, 5 reports from comparative group) have been drawn at random as samples from the total 62 sets (30 reports from experimental group, 32 reports from comparative group) and evaluated by a researcher and two elementary school teachers who have master degree. The reliability of the 3 scorers was 0.923 of mean correlation coefficient. And then the researcher evaluated all open-inquiry reports. The average score of open-inquiry report was 66.78 for experimental group, 54.27 for comparative group, respectively. And there was a significant difference at p<0.05 level as a result of the t-test. The experimental group rated high at p<0.05 level according to the analysis of post-science process skill test. According to the result of survey, both experimental group and comparative group had understood open-inquiry activity. It was especially rated high for experimental group on understanding scientific inquiry process, interest and satisfaction in open-inquiry and re-participation rate. By interviewing experimental group, it is recognized that the students utilized Lubric very well through the overall process. Finally, self-evaluation was done during open-inquiry activity and it was reported that the students gained more knowledge about science and changed to positive about science. As a result, the lesson using open-inquiry report Lubric was effective for students to improve writing skill of an open-inquiry report and science process skill and finally changed the cognition to positive about open-inquiry lesson.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.757-767
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• 2002

사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학탐구실험이 학생들의 학업성취와 과학탐구능력 및 학습동기에 미치는 효과에 대해 연구하였으며, 탐구실험 수업이 소집단의 구성방식에 따라 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지 알아보기 위해 인지수준이 동질인 집단과 이질인 집단의 효과를 비교하였다. 이를 위해 중학교 2학년 255명을 통제집단과 실험집단으로 나누어, 실험집단에는 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학탐구실험 수업을, 통제집단에는 전통적인 실험 수업을 1년간 적용한 후 과학 학업성취도, 과학탐구능력, 학습동기 검사를 실시하였다. 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 탐구실험은 이끌어내기, 친숙해지기, 구성하기, 확장하기의 4단계로 구성되어 있으며, 관찰 현상을 학습과 연관시키고 실험을 설계하며 결론을 이끌어내는 과정을 통해 동료 및 교사와 상호작용을 할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. 연구 결과 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학탐구실험은 학생들의 학업성취와 과학탐구능력 및 학습동기에서 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 모든 인지수준의 학생들에게 효과가 나타난 것은 아니었으나 대부분의 인지 수준에서 학업성취의 효과가 크게 나타났으며, 학업성취에 비해 과학탐구능력의 향상정도가 낮았다. 소집단 구성에 따른 효과에서는 동질집단이 이질집단에 비해 성취도와 학습동기에서 유의미한 향상이 있었다. 이러한 결과는 과학탐구실험에서 상호작용이 중요하며, 상호작용이 학생들의 성취도와 탐구능력 향상에 긍정적 영향이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.909-927
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• 2009

탐구는 과학교육의 본질을 설명해주는 결정적인 특징이다. 최근에는 스스로 문제를 제기하여 탐구하고 그것을 의사 소통하는 능력을 포함한 논증이 강조되고 있는데, 학교 탐구학습 맥락에서는 자율적이고 활발한 상호작용의 측면에서 그 한계가 지적되고 있다. 그래서 대안으로 비형식 맥락에서의 탐구학습이 제안되고 있으며, 이에 본 연구는 국립과천과학관 내 자연사관을 자유 관람하는 중학생 소집단의 대화적 탐구에서 나타나는 상호작용 유형을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중학생 13그룹의 탐구적 대화 42사례를 대상으로 탐구요소 및 상호작용 유형을 분석하였다. 탐구요소는 문제제기, 자료수집, 설명의 세 가지로 구분하였고, 상호작용은 대화의 흐름을 화살표로 도식화하여 나타내었다. 문제제기로부터 탐구가 시작된다고 보았으며, 문제제기 이후 후속적인 반응에 따라 유형이 구분되었는데, 총 7가지 유형이 발견되었다. 그 유형은 문제제기 공유, 문제제기-단순응답, 문제제기-단순설명, 문제제기-단순설명-(자료수집)-자료기반 설명, 문제제기-자료수집-자료기반 설명의 5가지로 크게 나누어지고, 가장 많은 빈도를 보인 유형 2는 다시 소극 회피적 응답, 부정확한 응답, 패턴의 반복으로 세분화되었다. 본 연구는 비형식 탐구학습에서 학교 탐구학습과 차별화되는 상호작용 패턴을 파악하였다는 점에서 기존 연구들과 차별성을 가지며, 비형식 탐구학습에서 상호작용 유형을 기술하고 있다는 점에서 비형식 탐구학습 연구를 위한 기초를 제공하였다는 의의를 가진다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to present a Freedom Inquiry Method by Revised Science Curriculum in 2007. This study introduced IIM(Independent Inquiry Method), PBL(Problem Based Learning), Small Inquiry Method, Science Notebooks, Project Learning Method about Freedom Inquiry Method. The results of this study are as follows: First, IIM(Independent Inquiry Method) is studying method in the inquiry process center. The inquiry process is composed of total 9 phases, inquiry subject really it is, detailed aim deciding, information searching, it searches, quest result it arranges, aim evaluation, the report making, it announces, it evaluates, it is become accomplished. Second, It is a studying method which it starts with the problem which is Problem Based Learning, study atmosphere creation phase, problematic presentation phase and sleep static problem solving the phase which it attempts, it is become accomplished with autonomous studying phase, coordinated studying and discussion studying phase, discussion resultant announcement studying phase, arrangement and evaluation. Third, Small Inquiry Method, Call it accomplishes the call grade of the students among ourselves 4~8 people degree where only the quest learning capability is similar within class. Also interaction and coordinated function of the members between it leads and the subject which is given in the group it cooperates and it solves with it is a quest method which arrives to aim of commonness. This method divides on a large scale in three parts, it becomes accomplished in programming phase, quest accomplishment and resultant announcement. Fourth, Science Notebooks learns a scientific contents and a scientific quest function and the possibility of decreasing in order to be, from the fact that the help which it understands. This planing, data searching, it searches, becomes accomplished with resultant arrangement, announcement and evaluation. Fifth, The Project Learning Method the studying person oneself studying contents, it establishes a plan and it collects it accomplishes process of etc. it evaluates it leads and a subject and information and with real life it is a method which it studies naturally from the learning environment inside which is similar. This is preliminary phase, project start, project activity and project arrangement.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2014

Students' argumentation during science inquiry should be regarded important as it could help students to make meaningful connections between theories and experiments and to make scientific claims based on evidences. In this study, elementary science-gifted students' argumentation during small group inquiry was analyzed according to inquiry process. There were three stages of argumentation during students' inquiry. The first argumentation was to predict what would happen(Prediction stage). In this stage, the scientific problem was presented by concept cartoon as a way to start and to facilitate students' argumentation. The second argumentation was to design an experiment to solve the problem(Planning stage) and the third was to interpret the result of experiment(Interpretation stage). The discourse move, level of grounds and their relationship were analyzed to find the characteristics of argumentation during science inquiry. In terms of discourse move, 'Asking for opinion' was the most frequent whereas 'Claim' or 'Rebuttal' were rare. Students tended to listen to or ask others' opinion rather than provide their own claims or critics on others' opinion. 'Rebuttal' was shown a few times only during prediction and planning stage. There was no single 'Rebuttal' during interpretation stage. Students tended to easily accept or agree other student's interpretation of data instead of arguing their own ideas. In terms of level of grounds, students mostly provided their ideas without any attempt to justify their position. Especially during planning stage, students tended to suggest or decide ways of measuring or controlling variables without any grounds. They used evidences only a few times during prediction stage. In terms of relation between discourse move and level of grounds, students provided grounds most frequently when they dispute others' claims. The level of grounds were higher when they advocate or clarify their own or others' ideas than when they claim their ideas. The result of this study showed that the quality of elementary science-gifted students' argumentation during science inquiry was undesirable in many ways. Implications for scaffolding and facilitating argumentation during science inquiry were discussed.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.686-702
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 중학교 자유 탐구에서의 소집단 구성 방식이 학생들의 자유 탐구 수행에 미치는 영향을 혼합 연구방법으로 조사하였다. 강원도 소재 중학교 2곳에서 1학년 각 2학급씩 4학급(남녀 혼성)을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 여교사 2명과 총 113명의 학생들이 참여하였다. 두 학교 학생들을 각각 과학 탐구능력 및 성격 유형에 따라 동질집단과 이질집단으로 편성하였으며, 동일 과제로 약 3주에 걸쳐 자유 탐구를 수행하게 하였다. 소집단 구성 방식이 자유 탐구 수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 사후 과학 탐구능력 검사 결과를 통계적으로 비교 분석하였으며, 양적 연구를 보완하기 위한 질적 연구로서 학생 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 및 교사 심층 면접을 실시하였다. 양적 연구결과, 두 학교 모두 소집단을 동질적으로 구성했을 때가 이질적으로 구성했을 때보다 과학 탐구능력에 대한 개인별 향상 지수의 향상 비율이 높게 나타났다. 한편 소집단 구성방식의 효과를 질적으로 분석한 결과, 학생과 교사 모두 인지적인 특성으로 소집단을 구성하기보다 정의적인 특성에 기초하여 소집단을 구성하는 것이 자유 탐구 수행에 더 효과적이라고 인식하고 있었으며, 특히 학생들의 경우 성격 유형에 따른 소집단 구성 방식을 가장 선호하였다. 또한 자유 탐구를 수행했던 일부 학생들과 지도교사들은 소집단을 구성하기 위하여 학생들에 대한 정보를 충분히 수집할 필요가 있으며, 그와 같은 정보를 학생들의 정의적 특성에 따른 소집단의 구성 기준과 혼합하여 사용하는 방식을 제안하였다.