• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4999-5005
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate expression of the proto-oncogene POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor (Pokemon) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and assess inhibitory effects of a small interference RNA (siRNA) expression vector in SW480 and SW620 cells. Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression levels of Pokemon in CRC tissues. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was applied to investigate the location of Pokemon in SW480 and SW620 cells. The siRNA expression vectors that were constructed to express a short hairpin RNA against Pokemon were transfected to the SW480 and SW620 cells with a liposome. Expression levels of Pokemon mRNA and protein were examined by real-time quantitative-fluorescent PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of Pokemon silencing on proliferation of SW480 and SW620 cells were evaluated with reference to growth curves with MTT assays. Results: The mRNA expression level of Pokemon in tumor tissues ($0.845{\pm}0.344$) was significantly higher than that in adjacent tumor specimens ($0.321{\pm}0.197$). The positive expression ratio of Pokemon protein in CRC (87.0%) was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (19.6%). Strong fluorescence staining of Pokemon protein was observed in the cytoplasm of the SW480 and SW620 cells. The inhibition ratios of Pokemon mRNA and protein in the SW480 cells were 83.1% and 73.5% at 48 and 72 h, respectively, compared with those of the negative control cells with the siRNA. In the SW620 cells, the inhibition ratios of Pokemon mRNA and protein were 76.3% and 68.7% at 48 and 72 h, respectively. MTT showed that Pokemon gene silencing inhibited the proliferation of SW480 and SW620 cells. Conclusion: Overexpression of Pokemon in CRC may have a function in carcinogenesis and progression. siRNA expression vectors could effectively inhibit mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon in SW480 and SW620 cells, thereby reducing malignant cell proliferation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9059-9064
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• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post transcriptional/translational level. They have emerging as playing crucial roles in cancer at all stages ranging from initiation to metastasis. As a tumor suppressor miRNA, aberrant expression of microRNA-29b (miR-29b) has been detected in various types of cancer, and its disturbance is related with tumor development and progression. In this review, we summarize the latest findings with regard to the tumor suppressor signatureof miR-29b and its regulatory mechanisms. Our review highlights the diverse relationships between miR-29b and its target genes in malignant tumors.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.312-316
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• 2011

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion (MPP$^+$) have been shown to induce Parkinson's disease-like symptoms as well as neurotoxicity in humans and animal species. Recently, we reported that maintenance of redox balance and cellular defense against oxidative damage are primary functions of the novel antioxidant enzyme cytosolic NADP$^+$-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc). In this study, we examined the role of IDPc in cellular defense against MPP$^+$-induced oxidative injury using PC12 cells transfected with IDPc small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our results demonstrate that MPP$^+$-mediated disruption of cellular redox status, oxidative damage to cells, and apoptotic cell death were significantly enhanced by knockdown of IDPc.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.38-39
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• 1996

The internal regions of nuclear small subunit rRNA from 6 plaeurotus species and 5 Pleurotus ostreatus strains were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The DNA sequences of 8 Pleurotus strains (P. ostreatus NFFA2, NFFA4501, NFFA4001, KFFA4001, KFCC11635, P florida, P. florida, P. sajor-cuju, P. pulmonarius, and P. spodoleucus) were idential, but P. cornucopiae differed from them in two bases out of 605 bases. However, p[hylogenetic analysis of the sequences by DNA-distance matrix and UPGMA methods showed that P. ostreatus NFFA2m1 and NFFA2m2, known as mutants of P. ostreatus NFFA2, belonged to anther group of Basidiomycotina, which is close to the genus Auricularia. The difference of the SSU rDNA sequences of P. cornucopiae from other Pleurotus species tested corresponds to the difference of mitochondrial plasmid type present in Pleurotus species as observed by Kim et al. (1993, Korean J. Microbiol. 31, 141-147).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2004

The definitive identification of ciliate species by morphological characteristics relies on time-consuming and laborious staining techniques. Therefore, in this study, we discriminated 3 scuticociliatosis causing species - Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, Uronema marinum and Philasterides dicentrarchi - in cultured olive flounder by multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR based on the species-specific amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA) gene sequence enabled us to distinguish the 3 scuticociliate species in a simple and rapid manner, even in the sample containing the three species simultaneously. These data suggest that the multiplex PCR strategy would make it possible to avoid the cumbersome and time-consuming procedures of morphological analysis for the definitive identification of scuticociliates.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.278-281
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• 2012

Not much is known about the membrane trafficking of TRPV1, a key player in pain transduction. Rab11-FIP3, which plays a role in various intracellular transportation pathways, has been reported to interact with TRPV1. In this study, in order to examine the role of Rab11-FIP3 in the membrane trafficking of TRPV1, Rab11-FIP3 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was inhibited using a siRNA technique. Transportation of TRPV1 to membranes was found to decrease when Rab11-FIP3 expression was inhibited, consistent with the results obtained with TRPV1-transfected HEK cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Rab11-FIP3 plays a role in the membrane trafficking of TRPV1.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2021

Anteholosticha bergeri and Bakuella granulifera were isolated from soil samples collected from Muuidong and Songdo-dong, Incheon and confirmed new to South Korea. Including these two newly recorded species, 11 species of Anteholosticha and four species of Bakuella have been recorded in South Korea to date. Anteholosticha bergeri was discriminated from congeners by following characters: cortical granules, 12-16 macronuclei, 5-8 midventral pairs, 2-3 pretransverse cirri, 4-6 transverse cirri, and three dorsal kineties. Bakuella granulifera was identified by cortical granules, 5-11 buccal cirri, 2-5 frontoterminal cirri, 2-5 midventral cirri rows, and 8-12 transverse cirri. The Korean A. bergeri population corresponds to the Austrian population, except for the number of marginal and transverse cirri, and the Korean B. granulifera population corresponds to the Namibian population, except for body size. In addition, small subunit ribosomal RNA(18S rRNA) gene sequences from both species were determined.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.284-288
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• 2015

Anionic small molecules are hard to penetrate the cell membranes because of their negative charges. Encapsulation of small molecules into liposome particles can provide target specific delivery of them. In our previous study, siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated into liposome particles using an asymmetric preparation method of liposomes. In this study, the same method was applied for encapsulation of small anionic fluorescent chemicals such as calcein and indocyanine green (ICG). More than 90% fluorescent chemicals were encapsulated in the asymmetric liposome particles (ALPs). No intracellular fluorescent signal was observed in the tumor cells treated with the unmodified calcein/ALPs and ICG/ALPs, whereas the surface modification with a cell-penetrating polyarginine peptide (R8 or R12) allows cellular uptake of the ALPs. The results demonstrate that the ALPs encapsulating small anionic drugs will be useful for target-specific delivery after modification of target-specific ligands.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

Background: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to modulates the cellular functions, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is known that a high level of HO-1 expression is found in many tumors, and HO-1 plays an important role in rapid tumor growth on account of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer. However, the development of resistance to cisplatin is a major obstacle to its use in clinical treatment. We previously demonstrated that inhibiting HO-1 expression through the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 induces apoptosis in A549 cells. The aim of this study was to determine of the inhibiting HO-1 enhance the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin. Materials and Methods: The human lung cancer cell line, A549, was treated cisplatin, and the cell viability was measured by a MTT assay. The change in HO-1, Nrf2, and MAPK expression after the cisplatin treatment was examined by Western blotting. HO-1 inhibition was suppressed by ZnPP, which is a specific pharmacologic inhibitor of HO activity, and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Flow cytometry analysis and Western blot were performed in to determine the level of apoptosis. The level of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) generation was monitored fluoimetrically using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Results: The A549 cells showed more resistance to the cisplatin treatment than the other cell lines examined, whereas cisplatin increased the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2, as well as the phosphorylation of MAPK in a time-dependent fashion. Inhibitors of the MAPK pathway blocked the induction of HO-1 and Nrf2 by the cisplatin treatment in A549 cells. In addition, the cisplatin-treated A549 cells transfected with dither the HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or ZnPP, specific HO-1 inhibitor, showed in a more significantly decrease in viability than the cisplatin-only-treated group. The combination treatment of ZnPP and cisplatin caused in a marked increase in the ROS generation and a decrease in the HO-1 expression. Conclusion: Cisplatin increases the expression of HO-1, probably through the MAPK-Nrf2 pathway, and the inhibition of HO-1 enhances the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2006

A new virus with a dsRNA genome was isolated and characterized from the Suhan-:neutari strain (ASI 2504) of Pleurotus ostreatus, which was characterized as long and slightly bent with small caps on the stipe of fruit body. Thirty nm isometric viruses with three dsRNA segments (approximately 2.0, 1.84 and 1.82 kb in sizes) were isolated by ultracentrifugation in sucrose gradients. Western analysis of protein extracted purified viruses with anti-virus polyclonal antibody confirmed that viruses have two specific proteins (36 and 68 kDa). Computer analysis of 2.0 kb segment shows that high. sequence identity with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of partitiviruses, respectively. When compared to other dsRNA mycoviruses in a phylogenetic analysis, OMDV was most related to Pleurotus ostreatus virus 1.