Acknowledgement
This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201902204, NIBR201928201).
References
- Acosta-Mercado, D. and D.H. Lynn. 2004. Soil ciliate species richness and abundance associated with the rhizosphere of different subtropical plant species. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 51:582-588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00295.x
- Agamaliev, F.G. and I.K. Alekperov. 1976. A new genus Bakuella (Hypotrichida) from the Caspian Sea and the Djeiranbatansky water reservoir. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 55:128-131.
- Berger, H. 2001. Catalogue of ciliate names 1. Hypotrichs. Verlag Helmut Berger, Salzburg.
- Berger, H. 2003. Redefinition of Holosticha Wrzesniowski, 1877 (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). European Journal of Protistology 39:373-379. https://doi.org/10.1078/0932-4739-00006
- Berger, H. 2006. Urostyloidea, Monograph of the Urostyloidea (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Monographiae Biologicae 85:1-1301. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5273-1_1
- Berger, H. 2008. Monograph of the Amphisiellidae and Trachelostylidae (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Monographie Biologicae 88:1-737.
- Blatterer, H. and W. Foissner. 1988. Beitrag zur terricolen Ciliatenfauna (Protozoa: Ciliophora) Australiens. Stapfia 17:1-84.
- Borror, A.C. and B.J. Wicklow. 1983. The suborder Urostylina Jankowski (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): morphology, systematics and identification of species. Acta Protozoologica 22:97-126.
- Butschli, O. and H.G. Bronn. 1889. Protozoa. III. Abtheilung: Infusoria und System der Radiolaria. Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. CF Winter. Leipzig. 1585-2035.
- Chen, L., J. Dong, W. Wu, Y. Xin, A. Warren, Y. Ning and Y. Zhao. 2020a. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new hypotrich ciliate, Anteholosticha songi nov. spec., and an American population of Holosticha pullaster (Muller, 1773) Foissner et al., 1991 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). European Journal of Protistology 72:125646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125646
- Chen, L., J. Lyu, Z. Lyu, A. Warren and J. Jiang 2020b. Description and Morphogenesis of a Chinese Population of Bakuella granulifera Foissner, Agatha and Berger, 2002 (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 67:678-686. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12821
- Chen, L., W. Wu, H.A. El-Serehy, X. Hu and J.C. Clamp. 2018. Morphology, morphogenesis, and phylogeny of an Anteholosticha intermedia (Ciliophora, Urostylida) population from the United States. European Journal of Protistology 65:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2018.04.003
- Chen, X., X. Hu, X. Lin, K.A. Al-Rasheid, H. Ma and M. Miao. 2013. Morphology, ontogeny and molecular phylogeny of a new brackish water ciliate Bakuella subtropica sp. n. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from southern China. European Journal of Protistology 49:611-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2013.05.001
- Eigner, P. and W. Foissner. 1992. Divisional morphogenesis in Bakuella pampinaria nov. spec, and reevaluation of the classification of the urostylids(Ciliophora, Hypotrichida). European Journal of Protistology 28:460-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80011-8
- Ekelund, F. and R. Ronn. 1994. Notes on protozoa in agricultural soil with emphasis on heterotrophic flagellates and naked amoebae and their ecology. Federation of European Microbiological Societies Microbiology Reviews 15:321-353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00255.x
- Fan, Y., Y. Pan, J. Huang, X. Lin, X. Hu and A. Warren. 2014. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of two novel brackish water hypotrich ciliates, with the establishment of a new genus, Antiokeronopsis gen. n. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61:449-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12125
- Fan, Y., X. Lu, J. Huang, X. Hu and A. Warren. 2016. Redescription of two little-known urostyloid ciliates, Anteholosticha randani (Groliere, 1975) Berger, 2003 and A. antecirrata Berger, 2006 (Ciliophora, Urostylida). European Journal of Protistology 53:96-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2016.01.001
- Foissner, W. 1982. Okologie and Taxonomie der Hypotrichida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) einiger osterreichischer Boden. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 126:19-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9365(82)80065-1
- Foissner, W. 1987a. Soil Protozoa: fundamental problems, ecological significance. adaptations in ciliates and tetaceans, bioindicators. and guide to the literature. Progress in Protistology 2:69-212.
- Foissner, W. 1987b. Neue und wenig bekannte hypotriche und colpodide Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus Boden und Moosen. Zoologische Beitrage 31:187-282.
- Foissner, W. 1997. Protozoa as bioindicators in agroecosystems, with emphasis on farming practices, biocides, and biodiversity. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 62:93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01142-5
- Foissner, W. 1999. Soil protozoa as bioindicators: pros and cons, methods, diversity, representative examples. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74:95-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00032-8
- Foissner, W., S. Agatha and H. Berger. 2002. Soil ciliates(Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with emphasis on two contrasting environments, the Etosha region and the Namib desert. Part I: Text and line drawings. Part II: Photographs. Denisia 5:1-1459.
- Foissner, W. 2004. Some new ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from an Austrian floodplain soil, including a giant, red "flagship", Cyrtohymena (Cyrtohymenides) aspoecki nov. subgen., nov. spec. Denisia 13:369-382.
- Foissner, W. 2014. An update of 'basic light and scanning electron microscopic methods for taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa'. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64:271-292. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.057893-0
- Foissner, W. 2016. Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates(Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia 35:1-912.
- Gel'tser, J.G. 1991. Free-living protozoa as a component of soil biota. Soil Biology 8:66-79.
- Jankowski A.W. 1979. Revision of the order Hypotrichida Stein, 1859. Generic catalogue, phylogeny, taxonomy. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Leningrad 86:48-85.
- Jo, E., J.H. Jung and G.S. Min. 2015. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new brackish water ciliates of Bakuella (Ciliophora: Urostylida: Bakuellidae) from South Korea. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 62:799-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12238
- Jung, J.H., K.M. Park and G.S. Min. 2012. Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new brackish water ciliate, Pseudourostyla cristatoides n. sp., from Songjiho lagoon on the coast of East Sea, South Korea. Zootaxa 3334:42-54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3334.1.3
- Jung, J.H., S. Kim, K.M. Park. 2016. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the soil ciliate Anteholosticha rectangula sp. nov. from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica. Acta Protozoologica 55:89-99. https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.16.008.4943
- Jung, J.H., M.H. Park, S.Y. Kim, J.M. Choi, G.S. Min and Y.O. Kim. 2017. Checklist of Korean ciliates(Protozoa: Ciliophora). Journal of Species Research 6:241-257. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2017.6.3.241
- Jung, J.H., A. Omar, K.S. Kim, S.C. Kang, D.Y. Kwak, J.H. Sun and G.S. Min. 2019. A study on the non-monophyletic genera Australothrix and Holostichides based on multigene and morphological analyses with a reexamination of type materials(Protozoa: Ciliophora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139:106538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106538
- Kim, J.H., J.H. Moon and J.H. Jung. 2018. New records of 24 ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected in South Korea. Journal of Species Research 7:291-314. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2018.7.4.291
- Kim, K.S., J.H. Jung and G.S. Min. 2016. A new soil ciliate, Birojimia soyaensis nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Urostylida) from South Korea. Acta Protozoologica 55:135.
- Kim, K.S. and G.S. Min. 2018. New records of nine ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from Korea: Brief descriptions and remarks. Journal of Species Research 7:315-322. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2018.7.4.315
- Kumar, S., K. Kamra and G.R. Sapra. 2010. Ciliates of the Silent Valley National Park, India: urostyloid hypotrichs of the region with a note on the habitat. Acta Protozoologica 49:339-364.
- Kwon, C.B., M.K. Shin, S.Y. Kim, S.J. Kim, Y.O. Kim and J.H. Jung. 2019. Phylum CILIOPHORA. In: National Institute of Biological Resources(ed.), National species list of Korea. II. Vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoans. Designzip. pp. 673-697 (in Korean).
- Li, J., Q. Liao, M. Li, J. Zhang, N.F. Tam and R. Xu. 2010. Community structure and biodiversity of soil ciliates at Dongzhaigang Mangrove Forest in Hainan Island, China. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2010:8.
- Li, L., W.B. Song and X.Z. Hu. 2007. Two marine hypotrichs from north China, with description of Spiroamphisiella hembergeri gen. nov., spec. nov.(Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Acta Protozoologica 46:107-120.
- Li, L., X. Hu, A. Warren, K.A.S. Al-Rasheid, S. Al-Farraj, C. Shao and W. Song. 2008. Divisional morphogenesis in the marine ciliate Anteholosticha manca (Kahl, 1932) Berger, 2003 (Ciliophora: Urostylida). Acta Oceanologica Sinica 27:157-163. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0253-4193.2005.05.023
- Li, L., S.N. Khan, D. Ji and M.K. Shin. 2011. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequence of the new brackish water ciliate, Anteholosticha pseudomonilata n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida, Holostichidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 2739:51-59. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.5
- Lousier, J.D. and S.S. Bamforth. 1988. Soil protozoa. In: Dindal DL(ed.), Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, London. pp. 97-136.
- Mihailowitsch, B. and N. Wilbert. 1990. Bakuella salinarum nov. spec. und Pseudokeronopsis ignea nov. spec.(Ciliata, Hypotrichida) aus einem solebelasteten Fliessgewasser des ostlichen Munsterlandes, BRD. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 138:207-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9365(11)80162-4
- Moon, J.H., M.H. Park and J.H. Jung. 2017. New records of terrestrial and freshwater ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from Korea: Brief descriptions with notes. Journal of Species Research 6:1-7.
- Park, K.M., J.H. Jung and G.S. Min. 2012. Redescription of two urostylid ciliates (Ciliophora: Urostylida), Anteholosticha pulchra and Metaurostylopsis struederkypkeae from Korea. Journal of Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 28:20-28. https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2012.28.1.020
- Park, K.M., J.H. Jung and G.S. Min. 2013. Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Anteholosticha multicirrata n. sp. (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) with a note on morphogenesis of A. pulchra (Kahl, 1932) Berger, 2003. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 60:564-577. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12060
- Shin, M.K. and W. Kim. 1993. Redescription of two holostichid species of genus Holosticha Wrzesniowski 1877 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida, Holostichidae) from Seoul, Korea. Korean J Syst Zool 9:251-259.
- Song, W., N. Wilbert and H. Berger. 1992. Morphology and morphogenesis of the soil ciliate Bakuella edaphoni nov. spec. and revision of the genus Bakuella Agamaliev & Alekperov, 1976 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida). Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History. Zoology 58:133-148.
- Tamura, K., D. Peterson, N. Peterson, G. Stecher, M. Nei and S. Kumar. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28:2731-2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
- Xu, Y., J. Huang, X. Hu, K.A. Al-Rasheid, W. Song and A. Warren. 2011. Taxonomy, ontogeny and molecular phylogeny of Anteholosticha marimonilata spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from the Yellow Sea, China. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61:2000-2014. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.024638-0