• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.436-441
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• 1998

$Pt/SrTiO_3/Pb_x(Zr_{0.52}, Ti_{0.48})O_3/SrTiO_3/Si$ structure was prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering method for use in nondestructive read out ferroelectric RAM(NDRO-FEAM). PBx(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3}$(PZT) and $SrTiO_3$(STO) films were deposited respectively at the temperatures of $300^{\circ}C and 500^{\circ}C$on p-Si(100) substrate. The role of the STO film as a buffer layer between the PZT film and the Si substrate was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Auger electron spectroscopy (ASE), and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Structural analysis on the interfaces was carried out using a cross sectional transmission electron microscope(TEM). For PZT/Si structure, mostly Pb deficient pyrochlore phase was formed due to the serious diffusion of Pb into the Si substrate. On the other hand, for STO/PZT/STO/Si structure, the PZT film had perovskite phase and larger grain size with a little Pb interdiffusion. the interfaces of the PZT and the STO film, of the STO film and the interface layer and $SiO_2$, and of the $SiO_2$ and the Si substate had a good flatness. Across sectional TEM image showed the existence of an amorphous layer and $SiO_2$ with 7nm thickness between the STO film and the Si substrate. The electrical properties of MIFIS structure was characterized by C-V and I-V measurements. By 1MHz C-V characteristics Pt/STO(25nm)/PZT(160nm)/STO(25nm)/Si structure, memory window was about 1.2 V for and applied voltage of 5 V. Memory window increased by increasing the applied voltage and maximum voltage of memory window was 2 V for V applied. Memory window decreased by decreasing PZT film thickness to 110nm. Typical leakage current was abour $10{-8}$ A/cm for an applied voltage of 5 V.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.225-234
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• 1998

We used five adult dog mandibles embedded in resin block and six different cross-sectional planes for each mandible were choosen. According to the angle of mandibular occulsal plane to vertical plane(mandibular angle) and gantry angle of CT machine, we classified 4 experimental groups and 1 control group. The control group images were taken at the mandibular angel 0° and gantry angle 0°. The experimental images were taken at the mandibular angle 15° and gantry angle 0°(group 1); 30° and 0°(group 2); 15° and 15°(group 3) ;30° and 30°(group 4), respectively. Using the reformatted cross-sectional images, the distance from the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest and the distance from the mandibular canal to the buccal cortex and to the lingual cortex was measured and compared. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The distance from the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest of group 1 and 2 was larger than control group, but the distance of group 3 and 4 was smaller. The distance from the mandibular canal to the buccal cortex and to the lingual cortex of all experimental groups was smaller than control group. 2. The distance from the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest showed the largest difference from control group in all experimental groups, especially in group 2 and 4(p<0.05). 3. In the distance from the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest, the number of deviation value under 1 mm was 20 in group 3 and was 11 in group 2 and 4, respectively. 4. The deviation value of the distance from the mandibular canal to the buccal cortex and to the lingual cortex was under 1 mm in most cases.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-119
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• 2011

This study set out to analyze the solid shapes of knit flared skirts, which are best represented in a 3-dimensional shape for all knit skirts, according to the seamed and seamless production method and to estimate the silhouettes of knit flared skirts based on the results. It also aimed to help with the introduction and spread of seamless weaving by revising and supplementing potential problems and provide findings that would be put to active use as basic data, thus contributing to the development of original knitwear and offering fundamental materials for the development of the knitting industry. A number of experimental knit flared skirts were made according to skirt angle ($90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$), gauge (7G, 12G, and 15G), and grain (bias, wale, and radial), including 12 kinds of seamed knit flared skirts and 6 kinds of seamless knit flared skirts. Using a three-dimensional shape measurement system, the investigator measured the cross-sectional shapes of their hemlines. The SPSS 12 Version program was used for statistical processing, and descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to compare the seamed and seamless knit flared skirts in the measurements (measurement items) of their solid shapes according to the width, gauges, and grain directions. The central grain direction of seamless knit flared skirts was in a radial form and even hemlines, thus presenting a beautiful appearance and solid shape. The 3-dimensional shapes show that seamless knit flared skirts are superior to seamed ones. The research findings are expected to open a door for Korea's knitting industry to quickly respond to small quantity batch production and additional orders.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the precision of measurements taken of dental implants in bucco-lingually sectioned views of the maxilla by linear tomograms of the panorama and to assess the visibility of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods : Eighty sites prepared with implants of gutta percha cone in the sockets of the upper premolars and molars of 10 dry skulls were radiographically examined using linear tomograms of panorama, and scanned coronally and axially by computed tomography. The differences in mm between the measurements in bucco-lingually sectioned images of maxillary alveolar bone and the true length and width of the implanted gutta percha cones were compared as mean values (mean) and standard deviations (SD) for each radiographic technique. Linear tomography of panorama was compared with computed tomography for visualization of the relationship between the inferior wall of maxillary sinus and the end of each implant. Results: The deviations between the actual implant length and the measured values taken from the linear tomograms (0.44±0.39 mm) was significantly less than the measured values from the multiplanar reconstructed images of the axially scanned computed tomogram (1.21 ± 0.90 mm). There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between two techniques in the differences between the measurements and true implant length. The relationship of the inferior border of maxillary sinus with end of implant was worse identified with the linear tomogram of panorama (68%) than the multiplanar reconstructed image of axially scanned computed tomogram (99%). Conclusion: We could not find any differences in the accuracy of length measurement between the linear tomogram of panorama and computed tomogram, but computed tomogram allowed for a better visualization of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus than the linear tomogram.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2002

Amorphous $Ga_2O_3$ films have been grown on Si(100) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using gallium isopropoxide, $Ga(O^iPr)_3$, as single precursor. Deposition was carried out in the substrate temperature range 400-800 $^{\circ}C$. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed deposition of stoichiometric $Ga_2O_3$ thin films at 500-600 $^{\circ}C$. XPS depth profiling by $Ar^+$ ion sputtering indicated that carbon contamination exists mostly in the surface region with less than 3.5% content in the film. Microscopic images of the films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed formation of grains of approximately 20-40 nm in size on the film surfaces. The root-mean-square surface roughness from an AFM image was ${\sim}10{\AA}$. The interfacial layer of the $Ga_2O_3$/Si was measured to be ${\sim}35{\AA}$ thick by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the analysis of gaseous products of the CVD reaction by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), an effort was made to explain the CVD mechanism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Body mass index (BMI), body-shape perception, weight control behavior, quality of sleep, and place of residence were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex design in each groups. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 statistical package, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: When these two variables were divided into four groups, they were found to influence dieting attempts. People with abnormal weights who were dissatisfied with their body shapes attempted dieting 5.23 times more than those with healthy weights and satisfaction with their body shapes. Further, those with normal weights but dissatisfaction with their bodies attempted dieting 4.45 times more than those who were satisfied with their shapes. Subjects in their 20s attempted dieting 2.53 times more than those in their 30s and 40s, and female subjects attempted dieting 2.24 times more than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A correct perception of one's shape can be an important factor for dietary behavior, as body shape perceptions and dieting attempts are strongly related. Additionally, healthy weight management and nutrition education are important elements to incorporate into a weight control program aimed at preventing excessive weight control behaviors and promoting correct perceptions of body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2009

Tomography is the imaging method of cross sectional area using multi beam signals and is mainly applied to the medical diagnosis to acquire the image of the inside human body. This method is pretty meaningful in nondestructive evaluation field since the imaging of the inspection region can enhance the comprehension of the inspector. Recently, much attention has been paid to the guided wave for the diagnosis of platelike structures. So, in this work, a study on the imaging of the damage location in a plate was carried out on the basis of computer aided analysis of guided waves and tomographic imaging. To this end, boundary element method was employed to analyze the effect of the damage in plate on the propagation of the guided waves and the analytic results were applied to the tomographic imaging method to identify the damage location. Consequently, it was shown that the number of sensors heavily affect the inspection performance of the damage location.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-perception and practices of health and appearance, health-related lifestyles and dietary behaviors of college students(137 male, 115 female) attending web class via the Internet. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS program. The average height, weight and BMI of the male and female college students were 174.4cm, 67.8kg, 22.3kg/㎡ and 162.3cm, 52.1kg, 19.8kg/㎡, respectively. Male collage students perceived their health statuses significantly better compared to female students. As for self-evaluation of anemia, female college students perceived significantly more anemia symptoms compared to male college students. Female college students perceived their body image to be obese compared to male college students. Underweight college students perceived significantly less healthy statuses, more anemia symptoms, and worse hair conditions compared to other college students. The rate of male students who exercise was significantly higher compared to that of female students. Male students reported significantly more smoking and drinking of alcohol compared to female students. The rate of female college students skipping meals was significantly higher than that of male college students. Frequency of eating out in female college students was significantly higher compared to that in male students. These results may provide some basic information in developing a nutrition education program for Korean college students using Internet.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to reduce the stress and the disturbance occur in selective action of patient. This article will also help us to control spreading and reduce the order and bacteria produced by leprosy disease among the lepers. This will be achieved with the help of several variables and these variables help us on health benefits is 5S (Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, Sustain) i.e. ratio of sectional morphology, lessor 90 degree angles, day light, universal design building and maximum ventilation. The replies from the questionnaire were collected based on varying levels of satisfaction and gloominess on the scale of 1-10. Methods: The multi-layer methodological framework for maximising the healing environment obtained from the observation of schemes and parameters of ANOVA: (Analysis Of Variance between five deciding factors) are. Firstly applied for the calculation of the patient's satisfaction for U.V light from sun on ECOTECT simulation, secondly the number of $90^{\circ}$ angle, along the corridors. Thirdly understanding the ways to represent people's perceptual structures and way finding with Space Syntax software. Fourthly the ratio of depth to height of the building typology and finally interviewing the subjects describing their special experiences based on scale value. The focus of this testing of human subjects was to receive data for the existence of image scheme in way-finding and to identify the mechanisms by which sun light impacts human (lepers) health. Results: AMPVA studies concluded that there is similarity between I and O plan as well as L and H plan whereas U plan was difference among the five selected architectural shapes. Implications: The purpose of this research is to show the effects of the I-type, L-type, C-type, U-type and O-type plan design, and to analyse the morphology for EBD (Evidence-Based Design) healing environment which is a universal design for Munghopir Karachi, in Pakistan.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

This experimental study was performed to investigate internal flow and unsteady flow characteristics using a model for actual shape of a plate heat exchanger and visualization of flow through the particle image velocimetry. Seven Reynolds numbers were selected by calculation with the height of grooved channel and sectional mean velocity of inlet flow in the experiment, and instantaneous velocity distributions and flow characteristics were experimently investigated. The triangular grooved channel had a compound flow consisting of the flow in lower channel and the groove flow receiving shear stress by the channel flow in the experiment. The sheared mixing layer, in the boundary between the triangular groove and the channel, affected main flow to raise turbulent in the channel.