• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• 제41권
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• pp.3-21
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• 2009

To understand the procedure of international commercial transaction clearly and logically, this author would like to emphasize the contractual approach in this paper. The main contract in the transaction is the contract of sale; to perform this contract, the three subordinate or supporting contracts(including the contract of carriage, the contracts of insurance and the contract of payment) should be followed and performed. In the contract of sale, besides the express Terms, the trade Terms have very comprehensive meanings. Each trade term in Incoterms(2000) deals with the matters relating to the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract of sale with respect to the delivery of the goods sold. It also provides for the duties of seller or buyer relating to the contract of carriage, the contract of insurance and the payment in the process of the delivery of goods. Especially, it does not provide the methods of payment concretely, but it imposes the seller to hand over the documents evidencing the conformity of the contract of sale, and the delivery which includes the documents of carriage and/or insurance. Thus although the trade Terms deal with the obligations of the seller or buyer directly, they are very closely related with the contract of carriage and the contract of insurance indirectly, and also with contract of payment using the documentary draft. For the Arbitration or the litigation in the case of the breach of contract, the trade Terms play very significant roles. When an arbitrator or a judge decides the case, they should understand each obligation clearly, in which case, the trade terms give answers about who is wrong or who is right. Therefore, the contractual approach focusing on the trade terms would give very fruitful advantages to the students or teachers in understanding the procedure of the international commercial transaction systematicly and comprehensively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to set a standard for deciding competitive marketing prices of new supplying apartment houses and to analyze decision factors in sale price of supplying apartment houses with Analytic Hierarchy Process; the resulted model does not use the method that joins the land cost and the cost of construction together, but the method that compares the sales prices of surrounding apartments. This research tries to set a standard for decision of the prices of newly supplying apartment houses by classifying the determinants into the $1^{st}$ step(4 factors), the $2^{nd}$ step(9 factors), and the $3^{rd}$ step(25 factors). According to the process, the relative importance of decision factors in the sale prices is determined and this should be used as the index of sale prices for newly supplying apartment houses when the houses are provided. In addition, through the $2^{nd}$ step including 9 factors, the comparative model for sale prices is defined and the model is presented to be applied in the real business. Subsequent study additionally considering the factors apart from marketing which tries to find a generalized standard needs to be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2017

There has never been research on Chaos analysis using real estate auction sale price rate in Korea. In this study, three Chaos analysis methodologies - Hurst exponent, correlation dimension, and maximum Lyapunov exponent - in order to capture the nonlinear deterministic dynamic system characteristics. High level of Hurst exponent and the extremely low maximum Lyapunov exponent provide the tendency and the persistence of the data. The empirical results give two meaningful facts. First, monthly time lags of the correlation dimension are coincident with the time period from the approval auction start day to the sale price fixing day. Second, its weekly time lags correspond to the time period from the last day of request for sale price allocation to the sale price fixing day. Then, this study potentially examines the predictability of the real estate auction price rate time series.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2002

Although the number of site for ship sale and purchase are increasing year by year, we can not find the agent system for retrieving the necessary data automatically and efficiently. The object of this paper is to find the design structure of the intelligent agent systems by using wrapper technology. This paper is composed of two contents : design of retrieving system for agent and its application to ship sale and purchase. This paper will be evaluated in terms that its target domain is ship sale and purchase. In the result of the study, agent process is composed of reading URL, taking the source data, processing tag, pattern analysis, and storing the contents analysed.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.5-20
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• 2018

This paper aims to analyze characteristic by the cities focused on the ratio of new apartment resale that is one of the apartment unit sale market, which has been increased recently. So, this study examined characteristics of population, apartment trade & sale, housing with 162 cities and counties and performed multiple regression analysis with dependent variable, ratio of new apartment resale. As a result. the factors affecting the ratio of new apartment resale are 7variables, apartment sales rate, transfer of ownership, apartment turnover rate, sale volume, regional apartment rate, population increasing rate, housing average apartment sale price rate. In terms of the increase in apartment sales prices, the rate of sales price increase was relatively low in areas where the transaction rate for apartment sales is high, and the number of apartment sales right transactions increased as the number of other ownership transfers rose. As a result, the data will be based on the improvement of the government's policies and systems to stimulate the transaction focused on the real estate agents in the apartment market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide the basic data necessary for rehabilitation by identifying the effects of complex balance exercises combined with self-observation training on balance and gait improvement in stroke patients. METHODS: This study assigned 20 people randomly into two groups: the control and experimental groups. The experimental group (10 subjects) underwent self-observation training-combined complex balance exercise. The control group (10 subjects) underwent complex balance exercises. A pretest of the balance ability and walking ability of both groups was performed. The interventions were conducted for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks, and post-tests were conducted four weeks after all interventions were completed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups according to the increase in Berg Balance Sale within the group and a statistically significant difference by a decrease in 10MWT (p < .01). On the other hand, there was a significant difference only in the change in Berg Balance Sale between the two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Combined balance exercise combined with self-observation training and combined balance exercise alone positively affected the Berg Balance Sale and 10MWT in both groups. On the other hand, in the results between groups, there was a statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Sale in complex balance exercise combined with self-observation training. Therefore, self-observation training should be used for the rapid social rehabilitation of stroke patients.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• 제51권
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• pp.79-99
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• 2011

This study describes the seller's duty to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract. The purpose of this study is twofold: to analyze the seller's principal duty, comparing the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods(CISG) with Sale of Goods Act(SGA) and to provide legal and practical advice to contracting parties who consider CISG or SGA as a governing law. This paper first considers the requirements for the conformity with the contract, which means contractual requirements agreed between parties and implied requirements not agreed between parties. Following this, the exclusion of the seller's duty to deliver the goods required by the contract is described. Finally, this paper ends up giving contracting parties legal and practical advice.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

The market for second hand products has been growing for a variety of reasons (e.g., new products appearing at a faster rate and the expected life of products increasing due to rapid advances in technology). The demand for warranties for second-hand products has been growing along with the growth of the market for second-hand products. Warranty for new products (consumer durables, industrial and commercial, and specialized defense products) has received a lot of attention. In contrast, warranties for second-hand product have received very little attention. Often, dealers of second-hand product such as cars offer 2D-warranties (Year and Kilometers). The expected warranty cost associated with a second-hand product for 2D-Policies is a function of the age of the item and its usage (as it affects failures over the warranty period), the warranty terms and the servicing strategy used by the dealer. This paper deals with development of models for warranty cost analysis along with the decision on sale price and warranty cover for 2D-Warranty policies associated with sale of second-hand products.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.273-276
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• 2008

As the rapid and various changing of social aspects, the structures are getting bigger, higher and more complex. The importance of evacuation is on the rise as increased using frequency of multiplex sale facility and it's high population density. According to the result of a survey with 4 domestic wholesales mart's population density, the average and maximum was 0.41(人/$m^2$) and 0.46(人/$m^2$). considering evacuation dangerousness, the maximum value will be suitable for computation of evacuation capacity and this will be submitted as a basic data for computation of evacuation capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2005

The most important thing in the garments enterprises is fast reaction. Expecially in the China has both many population and large territory, so each region of China, for instance, northeast, northwest, huanan, huabei, has various climate and considerably different temperature. As a result China garments enterprises require different clothes at the same time. This study build a reliable market-response process as a sub module of SCM that lay emphasis on production and sale cope with specific character of China. This process build a information chain including manufacture-planning, manufacture-ordering, production, arrivals of goods, distribution, sale, sale-evaluation, cross shipment, supplement shipment, and ordering popular goods and similar products. As a result of those, the focused points of this process are real time data gathering and various analysis of data, so it can be possible supporting more faster and more accurate market decision making system and our proposed goal is accomplishment of management profit.