• 제목/요약/키워드: Right

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On SF-rings and Regular Rings

  • Subedi, Tikaram;Buhphang, Ardeline Mary
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.397-406
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    • 2013
  • A ring R is called a left (right) SF-ring if simple left (right) R-modules are flat. It is still unknown whether a left (right) SF-ring is von Neumann regular. In this paper, we give some conditions for a left (right) SF-ring to be (a) von Neumann regular; (b) strongly regular; (c) division ring. It is proved that: (1) a right SF-ring R is regular if maximal essential right (left) ideals of R are weakly left (right) ideals of R (this result gives an affirmative answer to the question raised by Zhang in 1994); (2) a left SF-ring R is strongly regular if every non-zero left (right) ideal of R contains a non-zero left (right) ideal of R which is a W-ideal; (3) if R is a left SF-ring such that $l(x)(r(x))$ is an essential left (right) ideal for every right (left) zero divisor x of R, then R is a division ring.

STRUCTURES CONCERNING GROUP OF UNITS

  • Chung, Young Woo;Lee, Yang
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제54권1호
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    • pp.177-191
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    • 2017
  • In this note we consider the right unit-duo ring property on the powers of elements, and introduce the concept of weakly right unit-duo ring. We investigate first the properties of weakly right unit-duo rings which are useful to the study of related studies. We observe next various kinds of relations and examples of weakly right unit-duo rings which do roles in ring theory.

NILPOTENT-DUO PROPERTY ON POWERS

  • Kim, Dong Hwa
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.1103-1112
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    • 2018
  • We study the structure of a generalization of right nilpotent-duo rings in relation with powers of elements. Such a ring property is said to be weakly right nilpotent-duo. We find connections between weakly right nilpotent-duo and weakly right duo rings, in several algebraic situations which have roles in ring theory. We also observe properties of weakly right nilpotent-duo rings in relation with their subrings and extensions.

선천성 우심실 진성 게실을 동반한 이중방 우심실 수술 1례 보고 (Double Chambered Right Ventricle with Congenital Right Ventricular True Diverticulum -A Case Report-)

  • 이형민
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 1995
  • Congenital diverticula of the cardiac ventricle have been reported as arising either from the left ventricle or, rarely from both ventricles. A diverticulum arising from the right ventricle alone is very rare. Furthermore the diverticulum associated with double chambered right ventricle was extremely rare. We experienced a 62 years old female of double chambered right ventricle combined with congenital right ventricular true diverticulum. She had complained intermittent chest pain and mild dyspnea on exertion during 8 months. The chest X-ray and chest CT showed protruded abnormal density at anterolateral side of right ventricular outflow tract. Preoperative angiography demonstrated a double chambered right ventricle and a right ventricular diverticulum. In operative finding, there was found a anomalous muscle band, dividing the right ventricle into an inflow and outflow portion, and a 5x6cm sized right ventricular diverticulum arised from conus region with a stenotic orifice of 1.5cm in diameter. The diverticulum was open toward the infundibulum, and its orifice was approximately 1cm in diameter. On treatment, the diverticulum orifice was closed directly and the abnormal muscle band was resected in order to widen the right ventricular outflow tract. The postoperative result was satisfactory and good without specific complications.

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지적재산권분쟁의 중재적격에 관한 연구 -한국과 중국을 중심으로- (A Study on Arbitration Qualification of Intellectual Property Right Dispute - Focus on Korea and China -)

  • 최송자
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.27-46
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    • 2011
  • In the intellectual based society of the 21th century, intellectual property of nation and enterprise management has been the key element of nation's competitiveness and development. Therefore in countries like Korea, China, and many other countries, intellectual property of advancement strategy are being constructed and intellectual properties are protected at national level. Top priority task of protecting the intellectual property is to efficiently resolute intellectual property right disputes. Considering the nature of intellectual property right and arbitrage system, arbitration to solve intellectual property disputes is realistically the best method. However, not all cases of them are qualified. In order to relieve the intellectual property disputes through arbitration, qualification must be obtained. During the process, generally and globally, intellectual property right dispute is evaluated by three parts, intellectual property right contract dispute, intellectual property right violation dispute, and intellectual property right validity dispute. Based on UN's "Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Agreement" in 1958, June 10th, in New York, both arbitrage organization and judgment can be approved in both Korea and China countries. However, as of today, there is a big gap of arbitration qualification between two countries, which can be troublesome if intellectual property right disputes arise. For instance, in Korea, intellectual property right contract disputes and intellectual property right violation disputes are both generally accepted as arbitration qualification. However for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is only accepted for non-registered intellectual property as in copyright entity. It does not apply to other registered intellectual property right as in patents. In China, arbitration qualification is accepted for intellectual property right contract dispute, and also accepted for intellectual property right violation dispute to copyrights but restricted to others. As for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is completely denied. Therefore, when there is an intellectual property right dispute between Korea and China, the biggest problem is whether China will accept arbitrage judgments made in Korea. Theoretically, arbitrage judgement made in Korea should be also accepted in China's court. However, considering the criticism of China's passive nature of arbitration qualification for its own local intellectual property right disputes, it's very unlikely they'll actively accept arbitrary judgment made in foreign countries. Korea and China must have a more open minded approach for intellectual property disputes and arbitration qualification. Base on WTO's Intellectual Property Right Agreement, it's being defined as private right. Therefore, sovereign principle should be the basic principle of solving intellectual property right disputes. Currently, arbitration qualification is expanding internationally. So both Korea and China must also follow the trend expand the arbitration qualification with a more open minded and forward looking approach, for the good of intellectual property disputes.

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국제인권법 및 인권규범의 주거권 규정에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Right to Housing in International Human Rights Laws and Instruments)

  • 김용창
    • 한국지역지리학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.514-540
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    • 2013
  • 오늘날 인권은 국제법 체계에서 가장 복잡하면서도 두드러진 쟁점이며, 주거권도 세계인권선언을 비롯하여 국제인권규범에서 기본인권으로 인정되고 있다. 본 연구는 85개 국제인권법 및 인권규범을 대상으로 인권으로서 주거권 규정을 종합적으로 검토한다. 주거권 일반, 노동자의 주거권, 사회적 취약집단의 주거권, 국제지역기구의 주거권으로 나누어 국제규범에 나타난 주거권의 내용과 특징을 분석한다. 주거권은 보편성, 불가분성, 상호의존성이라는 인권일반의 성격을 마찬가지로 가지고 있으며, 적절한 주거권이란 단순한 물리적 공간의 보장이라는 의미를 넘어 점유의 법적 안정성, 생활편익시설의 이용가능성, 비용의 적정성, 입지의 적합성 등 총체적인 의미로 해석하고 있다. 다양한 규범에 나타난 주거권에 대한 접근은 발전권적 관점, 양성평등의 관점, 차별금지의 원칙, 참여권적 관점 등을 종합적으로 반영하고 있으며, 인간존엄 및 안정과 평화 속에서 주거생활을 향유하는 것을 지향하고 있다.

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출생 전 생명에 대한 헌법적 고찰 - 태아 및 배아의 생명권과 그 제한을 중심으로 - (A Constitutional Study on the Unborn Human Life : Focusing on the Right to Life of the Fetus and the Embryo)

  • 김은애
    • 의료법학
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.39-75
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    • 2009
  • The development of the biomedical science and technology has extended an argument about a status in constitutional law of unborn human life and a protection of the potential human life to that of an embryo and a gamete beyond a fetus. This argument has been focused on whether we should provide unborn or potential human life with human dignity and the right to life that are guaranteed by the constitutional law altogether or separately. If the right to life is given to unborn or potential human life, on what grounds can we restrict this right. Those who argue for the unity of the right to life with human dignity and the inseparability of those two claims that the right to life in itself should be guaranteed absolutely. According to the constitutional law, however, any constitutional right of the human person within the protection of essential part of the right can be compared with each other and restricted with some valid reasons from the legal perspective. This measure is unavoidable in reality because one right can come into conflict with another right frequently. Since fetus and embryo are in a process of developing into the human person, it is difficult to think that they are the same with the human person. For that reason, it is hard to consider that the right to life of fetus or embryo is the same with that of the human person. However, since a fetus has a special status as a potential human person, and an embryo also has a special value as a potential fetus upon an implantation, the right to life of fetus or embryo should be judged differently according to the stage of their development. A study on a constitutional status and protection of a fetus and an embryo is essential because unborn or potential human life is the origin of human person. Therefore, we have to make much account of their right to life and seek the legal respect for their inherent value.

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RINGS WITH A RIGHT DUO FACTOR RING BY AN IDEAL CONTAINED IN THE CENTER

  • Cheon, Jeoung Soo;Kwak, Tai Keun;Lee, Yang;Piao, Zhelin;Yun, Sang Jo
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제59권3호
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    • pp.529-545
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    • 2022
  • This article concerns a ring property that arises from combining one-sided duo factor rings and centers. A ring R is called right CIFD if R/I is right duo by some proper ideal I of R such that I is contained in the center of R. We first see that this property is seated between right duo and right π-duo, and not left-right symmetric. We prove, for a right CIFD ring R, that W(R) coincides with the set of all nilpotent elements of R; that R/P is a right duo domain for every minimal prime ideal P of R; that R/W(R) is strongly right bounded; and that every prime ideal of R is maximal if and only if R/W(R) is strongly regular, where W(R) is the Wedderburn radical of R. It is also proved that a ring R is commutative if and only if D3(R) is right CIFD, where D3(R) is the ring of 3 by 3 upper triangular matrices over R whose diagonals are equal. Furthermore, we show that the right CIFD property does not pass to polynomial rings, and that the polynomial ring over a ring R is right CIFD if and only if R/I is commutative by a proper ideal I of R contained in the center of R.

DUO RING PROPERTY RESTRICTED TO GROUPS OF UNITS

  • Han, Juncheol;Lee, Yang;Park, Sangwon
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제52권3호
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    • pp.489-501
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    • 2015
  • We study the structure of right duo ring property when it is restricted within the group of units, and introduce the concept of right unit-duo. This newly introduced property is first observed to be not left-right symmetric, and we examine several conditions to ensure the symmetry. Right unit-duo rings are next proved to be Abelian, by help of which the class of noncommutative right unit-duo rings of minimal order is completely determined up to isomorphism. We also investigate some properties of right unit-duo rings which are concerned with annihilating conditions.

STRUCTURE OF IDEMPOTENTS IN RINGS WITHOUT IDENTITY

  • Kim, Nam Kyun;Lee, Yang;Seo, Yeonsook
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.751-771
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    • 2014
  • We study the structure of idempotents in polynomial rings, power series rings, concentrating in the case of rings without identity. In the procedure we introduce right Insertion-of-Idempotents-Property (simply, right IIP) and right Idempotent-Reversible (simply, right IR) as generalizations of Abelian rings. It is proved that these two ring properties pass to power series rings and polynomial rings. It is also shown that ${\pi}$-regular rings are strongly ${\pi}$-regular when they are right IIP or right IR. Next the noncommutative right IR rings, right IIP rings, and Abelian rings of minimal order are completely determined up to isomorphism. These results lead to methods to construct such kinds of noncommutative rings appropriate for the situations occurred naturally in studying standard ring theoretic properties.