• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.477-484
• /
• 2005

Let R be a ring with an automorphism 17. An ideal [ of R is ($\sigma$-ideal of R if $\sigma$(I).= I. A proper ideal P of R is ($\sigma$-prime ideal of R if P is a $\sigma$-ideal of R and for $\sigma$-ideals I and J of R, IJ $\subseteq$ P implies that I $\subseteq$ P or J $\subseteq$ P. A proper ideal Q of R is $\sigma$-semiprime ideal of Q if Q is a $\sigma$-ideal and for a $\sigma$-ideal I of R, I$^{2}$ $\subseteq$ Q implies that I $\subseteq$ Q. The $\sigma$-prime radical is defined by the intersection of all $\sigma$-prime ideals of R and is denoted by P$_{(R). In this paper, the following results are obtained: (1) For a principal ideal domain R, P$_{(R) is the smallest $\sigma$-semiprime ideal of R; (2) For any ring R with an automorphism $\sigma$ and for a skew Laurent polynomial ring R[x, x$^{-1}$; $\sigma$], the prime radical of R[x, x$^{-1}$; $\sigma$] is equal to P$_{(R)[x, x$^{-1}$; $\sigma$ ].

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2018

We construct bounded linear integral operators that giving solutions to the ${\bar{\partial}}$-equation in $L^p$-spaces and with compact supports on a q-convex intersection ($q{\geq}1$) with ${\mathcal{C}}^3$ boundary in $K{\ddot{a}}hler$ manifolds, and we apply it to obtain a Hartogs-like extension theorems for ${\bar{\partial}}$-closed forms for some bidegree.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 2019

Objective: Oxidative stress contributes to male infertility, and antioxidants have been recommended for treating idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). There is, however, a lack of agreement on the type, dosing, and use of individual antioxidants or combinations thereof. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two doses of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic OAT. Methods: In this prospective study, patients with idiopathic OAT received 200 mg/day (n = 35) or 400 mg/day (n = 30) of CoQ10 orally for 3 months. All patients underwent semen analysis according to the fifth editions of the World Health Organization criteria. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured both before and after treatment. Results: Treatment with CoQ10 (200 mg/day or 400 mg/day) resulted in a significant increase in sperm concentration from baseline ($8.22{\pm}6.88$ to $12.53{\pm}8.11million/mL$, p= 0.019; $7.58{\pm}5.41$ to $12.33{\pm}6.1million/mL$, p= 0.002, respectively), progressive motility ($16.54%{\pm}9.26%$ to $22.58%{\pm}10.15%$, p=0.011; $14.22%{\pm}12.85%$ to $26.1%{\pm}14.52%$, p= 0.001, respectively), and total motility ($25.68%{\pm}6.41%$ to $29.96%{\pm}8.09%$, p= 0.016; $23.46%{\pm}12.59%$ to $34.82%{\pm}14.17%$, p= 0.001, respectively). CoQ10 therapy also increased TAC (p= 0.009, p= 0.001, respectively), SOD activity (p= 0.004, p= 0.001, respectively), and CAT activity (p= 0.039, p= 0.024, respectively). Furthermore, antioxidant measures correlated significantly with seminal fluid parameters (r = 0.36-0.76). Conclusion: CoQ10 supplementation improved semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic OAT, with a greater improvement shown in men who took 400 mg/day than in those who took 200 mg/day.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2024

Background: Palatal injections are often painful. We aimed to compare topical ice and 20% benzocaine gel for pre-injection anesthesia before greater palatine nerve block (GPNB) injections. Methods: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial was conducted among patients aged 15-60-years needing bilateral GPNB injections. A total of 120 palatal sites from 60 patients were randomly allocated to Group A (topical ice) or Group B (20% benzocaine gel). Pain was evaluated using sound, eye, motor (SEM), and the visual analog scale (VAS) in both groups. Inferential analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.5 ± 3.9 years. The median VAS score for group A was 11 (Q1 - Q3: 5.25 - 21.75), which was slightly higher than the 10 (Q1 - Q3: 4.0 - 26.75) reported in group B. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.955). The median SEM score for group A and group B was 3.5 (Q1 - Q3: 3.0 - 4.0) and 4.0 (Q1 - Q3: 3.0 - 4.0), respectively, which was statistically insignificant (P = 0.869). Conclusion: Using ice as a form of topical anesthetic for achieving pre-injection anesthesia before GPNB was as effective as 20% benzocaine gel.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2002

Under the cancellation property and the Lipschitz condition on kernels, we prove that the Marcinkiewicz integrals defined on a homogeneous group H are bounded from $H^1$(H) to $L^1$(H), from $L_{c}$ $^{\infty}$(H) to BMO (H), and from $L^{p}$ (H) to $L^{p}$ (H) for 1 < p < $\infty$ assuming the $L^{q}$ -boundedness for some q > 1.for some q > 1.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2009

The effects of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) and Annealed Martensite (AM) heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties were investigated for 0.24C-0.5Si-1.5Mn-1Al steels. The Q&P steels were annealed at a single phase ($\gamma$) or a dual phase (${\gamma}+{\alpha}$), followed by quenching to a temperature between $M_s$ and $M_f$. Then, enriching carbon was conducted to stabilize the austenite through the partitioning, followed by water quenching. The AM steels were intercritically annealed at a dual phase (${\gamma}+{\alpha}$) temperature and austempered at $M_s$ and $M_s{\pm}50^{\circ}C$, followed by cooling in oil quenching. The dual phase Q&P steels showed lower tensile strength and yieldyield strength than those of the single phase Q&P steels, and tThe elongation for the dual phase Q&P steel was partitioning 100s higher than that of that for the single phase Q&P steels as the partitioning time was less than 100s up to partitioning 100s. For AM steels, the tensile/yield strength decreased and the total elongation increased as the austempering temperature increased. The stability of the retained austenite controlled the elongation for Q&P steels and the volume fraction of the retained austenite controlled the elongation for AM steels.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2020.11a
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2020

순위다중패턴매칭문제는 길이가 n인 텍스트 T와 패턴들의 집합 P' = {P₁,P₂…,P_k}가 주어졌을 때, P'에 속하는 패턴들과 상대적인 순위가 일치하는 T의 모든 부분문자열들의 위치를 찾는 문제이다. P'에서 가장 짧은 패턴의 길이가 m, 가장 긴 패턴의 길이를 $\bar{m}$, 모든 패턴들의 길이의 합을 M, q개의 연속된 문자들을 q-그램이라 할 때, 기존에 텍스트의 핑거프린트를 이용하여 순위다중패턴매칭문제를 $O(q!+nqlogq+Mlog\bar{m}+nM)$ 시간에 해결하는 알고리즘이 제시되었다. 본 논문에서는 텍스트의 핑거프린트를 활용하여 O(max(q!,M,n))개의 스레드를 이용하여 순위다중패턴매칭문제를 평균적으로 $O(\bar{m}+qlogq+n/q!)$ 시간에 해결하는 병렬 구현 방법을 제시한다. 실험 결과, n = 1,000,000, k = 1,000, m = 5, q = 3일 때, 본 논문에서 제시하는 병렬 구현 방법은 기존의 순차 알고리즘보다 약 19.8배 빠르게 수행되었다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.35 no.1_2
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2017

This study is concerned with the existence of positive solution for the following nonlinear elliptic system $$\{-M_1(\int_{\Omega}{\mid}x{\mid}^{-ap}{\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^pdx)div({\mid}x{\mid}^{-ap}{\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^{p-2}{\nabla}u)\\{\hfill{120}}={\mid}x{\mid}^{-(a+1)p+c_1}\({\alpha}_1A_1(x)f(v)+{\beta}_1B_1(x)h(u)\),\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\-M_2(\int_{\Omega}{\mid}x{\mid}^{-bq}{\mid}{\nabla}v{\mid}^qdx)div({\mid}x{\mid}^{-bq}{\mid}{\nabla}v{\mid}^{q-2}{\nabla}v)\\{\hfill{120}}={\mid}x{\mid}^{-(b+1)q+c_2}\({\alpha}_2A_2(x)g(u)+{\beta}_2B_2(x)k(v)\),\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\{u=v=0,\;x{\in}{\partial}{\Omega},$$ where ${\Omega}$ is a bounded smooth domain of ${\mathbb{R}}^N$ with $0{\in}{\Omega}$, 1 < p, q < N, $0{\leq}a$ < $\frac{N-p}{p}$, $0{\leq}b$ < $\frac{N-q}{q}$ and ${\alpha}_i,{\beta}_i,c_i$ are positive parameters. Here $M_i,A_i,B_i,f,g,h,k$ are continuous functions and we discuss the existence of positive solution when they satisfy certain additional conditions. Our approach is based on the sub and super solutions method.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.29 no.3_4
• /
• pp.921-936
• /
• 2011

In this paper, our main purpose is to establish the existence of weak solutions of a weak solutions of a class of p-q-Laplacian system involving concave-convex nonlinearities: $$\{\array{-{\Delta}_pu-{\Delta}_qu={\lambda}V(x)|u|^{r-2}u+\frac{2{\alpha}}{\alpha+\beta}|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta},\;x{\in}{\Omega}\\-{\Delta}p^v-{\Delta}q^v={\theta}V(x)|v|^{r-2}v+\frac{2\beta}{\alpha+\beta}|u|^{\alpha}|v|^{\beta-2}v,\;x{\in}{\Omega}\\u=v=0,\;x{\in}{\partial}{\Omega}}$$ where ${\Omega}$ is a bounded domain in $R^N$, ${\lambda}$, ${\theta}$ > 0, and 1 < ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\alpha}+{\beta}=p^*=\frac{N_p}{N_{-p}}$ is the critical Sobolev exponent, ${\Delta}_su=div(|{\nabla}u|^{s-2}{\nabla}u)$ is the s-Laplacian of u. when 1 < r < q < p < N, we prove that there exist infinitely many weak solutions. We also obtain some results for the case 1 < q < p < r < $p^*$. The existence results of solutions are obtained by variational methods.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.507-513
• /
• 2010

Let {$X_i,-{\infty}$ < 1 < $\infty$} be a doubly infinite sequence of identically distributed and negatively associated random variables with mean zero and finite variance and {$a_i,\;-{\infty}$ < i < ${\infty}$} be an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers. Define a moving average process as $Y_n={\sum}_{i=-\infty}^{\infty}a_{i+n}X_i$, n $\geq$ 1 and $S_n=Y_1+{\cdots}+Y_n$. In this paper we prove that E|$X_1$|$^rh$($|X_1|^p$) < $\infty$ implies ${\sum}_{n=1}^{\infty}n^{r/p-2-q/p}h(n)E{max_{1{\leq}k{\leq}n}|S_k|-{\epsilon}n^{1/p}}{_+^q}<{\infty}$ and ${\sum}_{n=1}^{\infty}n^{r/p-2}h(n)E{sup_{k{\leq}n}|k^{-1/p}S_k|-{\epsilon}}{_+^q}<{\infty}$ for all ${\epsilon}$ > 0 and all q > 0, where h(x) > 0 (x > 0) is a slowly varying function, 1 ${\leq}$ p < 2 and r > 1 + p/2.