• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.235-262
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of individual tendency of individualismcollectivism and the type of incentive system on pay satisfaction. Data were collected from 243 workers employed in a variety of organizations and a hierarchical regression and MANOVA was conducted to test hypothesis. The results of regression indicated that the interaction between the type of incentive and tendency of collectivism has positive influence on pay satisfaction. In addition, the results of MANOVA indicated that the interaction between individual tendency of individualismcollectivism and the type of incentive system has significant effect on pay satisfaction Specifically, the tendency of individualism has positive influence on the pay satisfaction under the individual incentive condition. However, the tendency of collectivism has negative influence on the pay satisfaction partially under the individual incentive condition. In addition, the tendency of collectivism has positive influence on the pay satisfaction under the group incentive condition. These results suggest that careful consideration in the organization need to decide for the use of individual incentive system, when we regard the Korean culture as high tendency of collectivism. In other words, individual incentive system may could not provide pay satisfaction to the employees who have high level collectivism. However, to generalize these results, more studies were examined in the future.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.56-76
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• 2013

With a distinction made between contract breach and contract violation, this study develops a structural model that investigates whether each dimension of contract breach influences experience of a contract violation in the hotel industry. At the same time, the impact of such a violation on hotel employees' work outcomes has been studied. One hundred and seventy eight employees, who are employed in five star deluxe hotels participated in the study and a structural equation modeling(SEM) is employed. The result indicated that good working relationship, and training and development, a so called relational oriented breach, make positively significant impact on contract violation. Whereas, benefits and salary categorized as transactional oriented breach does not. Also, the suggested employee outcomes including high turnover intent, low job satisfaction, and person-organization fit have been influenced by contract violation. As a result, hotel practitioners need to clarify the contract items prior to employment and during employment and to prepare to react to unmet promises.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.80-97
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe a process of sexual adjustment of individuals with spinal cord injury: and to describe and explore positive and negative influences on the adjustment process. This qualitative study was conducted with 10 Korean individuals with spinal cord injury who had been physically disabled for more than one year. Data were collected and analysed at a same time using grounded theory method. Major categories of this study showed a process how the individuals with spinal cord injury adjust to their individual life as sexual beings. The process included and individual responses to the behavioral efforts including and . Initially physical aspects of sexuality seemed to be affected by spinal cord injuries. The changed physical aspects then influenced other aspects of their sexual life. Life satisfaction of each individual as a sexual being revealed as very subjective. It could be defined according to how the individual approved their sexual life no matter what and how much behavioral effort the person had done. In this study 3 types of sexual adjustment aspects were explored: 'Active adjustment' 'Passive adjustment' 'Maladjustment'. There were negative and positive factors influencing the adjustment process of individuals with spinal cord injury. Those factors might come from themselves, from families, or from social situations. Findings of this study suggested that sexual life of individuals with spinal cord injury should not be understood as a physical or behavioral matter. It was a combination of physical, psychological and social aspects of life. Therefore, appropriate rehabilitation programs for the sexual adjustment of individuals with spinal cord injury need to concern heterogeneous life values of them and obtain individualized services for each individual at a different stage of the sexual adjustment process.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

Objective : This study compared the psychological stresses of depressed patients' families with those of schizophrenic patients' families. We investigated the influence of depressive patients' clinical features and their families' demographic characteristics on the families' depressive symptoms and stresses. Methods : Participants were 23 family members of depressed patients and 20 family members of schizophrenic patients. We measured the patients' clinical features (duration of illness, number of previous hospitalizations, and satisfaction with medication), and each family member's socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics (depressive mood, anxiety, family stress, and stress response), analyzing the data via independent t-test, chi-square test, and correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results : The depressed patients' average clinical global impression (CGI) was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic patients. The depressed patients' family members showed stress responses significantly higher than those of schizophrenic patients' family members. Furthermore, in depressed patients, frequency of hospitalization was positively correlated with family members' stat anxiety. For both patient types, family stress was positively correlated with the patient's severity of illness and the family's state anxiety, trait anxiety, and stress response ; socioeconomic status was positively correlated with the family's depressive symptoms ; the family's state anxiety positively correlated with the family's trait anxiety and stress response ; and the family's trait anxiety positively correlated with the family's stress response. Socioeconomic status predicted the family's depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic, illness severity and stress response predicted family stress. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both depressed patients' families and schizophrenic patients' families suffer from psychological stress. The study data also have important clinical implications, in that families of depressed patients need psychiatric intervention, as well as the patients themselves. In particular, family intervention should focus on psycho-education and stress coping strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.389-399
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to provide the evidence necessary to establish job stress management strategies to improve office workers conditions by looking at the impact on job stress factors depending on the nature of the organization. The stress related variables (job stress and psychological well-being) and organizational effectiveness variables (job satisfaction, job engagement, intention to leave, and presentieesm) was included. A total of 154 questionnaires were distributed from 26th June to 1 August 2014 and 150 people were analyzed. The results indicated that a lack of reward was negatively correlated with job satisfaction and job engagement, and positively correlated with the intention to leave (p<0.05) in a large-sized company model. Moreover, in a medium-sized company model, organizational injustice was statistically significant with job satisfaction and job engagement. Organizational injustice, lack of reward, and occupational climate was positively correlated with the intention to leave (p<0.05). This study has its significance in that it looked at the job stress as a predictive variable to explain the organizational effectiveness and highlights the need to establish a stress management strategy depending on the nature of the company.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine how the workplace bullying recognition level of an employee in Korean foodservice industry, which more strongly depends on human services than other industries, influences on job satisfaction and turnover intention. To this end, we collected 250 samples of employees working in the kitchen of family restaurants. Among the collected 250 sample, 241 samples were usable for the analysis excluding 9. The result is as follows. Firstly, there is a difference in average of satisfaction in work according to each group of causes to recognize workplace bullying. That is, the group which vaguely recognizes bullying as for threat to professional status and isolation, and psychological harassment shows higher satisfaction in work than the group which recognizes the bullying well, which is statistically significant. The latter demonstrates more turnover intention than the former. Secondly, the research examining the effects of the causes of workplace bullying over the employees' satisfaction in work and turnover intention shows the following result. The causes to recognize workplace bullying of the employees have a negative effect(-) on job satisfaction on the whole. The causes to recognize workplace bullying of the employees have a positive influence(+) on turnover intention. In conclusion, manager in foodservice industry will need to provide employees with the environment which can help staff improve cooperation, unity and solidarity within the organization.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.155-172
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• 2007

This study is a qualitative analysis aimed at facilitating a plan of social support for heavy debtors. for this purpose, the status of issues related to heavy debtors in Japan is considered, and more is revealed about the status of operation for non-profit organizations and groups of heavy debtor victims as counseling agencies for heavy debtors. In addition, through interviews conducted with the counselors of these organizations, a survey has been made on whether the credit counseling provides particular functions for and increases the satisfaction of debtors. The root of Japan's large number of heavy debtors lay in that country's excessive growth of consumer financing, the increase of its use, the structural problems on the lending system of consumer financing and legal insufficiency, to name of few fundamental problems. The interviews on debtor counseling in private organizations revealed that the debtors being counseled showed a great change, due primarily to group counseling and activities, in such aspects as psychological stability, learning and understanding about heavy debts and willingness to take action for solving their own problems. In addition, regarding the aspects of time and cost, specialty, mutual exchange of experienced persons, psychological care and educational functions, the importance of the debtor counseling group's role has been established. To improve the problems of heavy debtors in Korea, there is a need to promote the importance of debtor counseling increase the interest and support of the administration, create a sense of solidarity among related organizations and promote public education on consumer credit. The support of the consumer credit industry and the development of human resources are also badly needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.403-411
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• 2020

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of social support and mental health of health science college students on their resilience. 191 students enrolled in 3 health science colleges located in J Province were asked to answer structured questionaries, and the collected data was analyzed by T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis with SPSS 24.0 software. The result of this study shows that social support has positive correlation to resilience, whereas mental health has statistically significant negative correlation to psychological resilience. Subfactor of social support that affect psychological resilience are material and repetitional support, and subfactor of mental health are anxiety and college life satisfaction, which is also a sociologic characteristic, with explanatory power of 48.9%. The study suggests the need to develop and apply measures to improve social support and mental health of health science college students to embolden their resilience.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Although the need for overall amendment of curriculums recognized, tentative plan for amendment is being established without improving the sense of satisfaction of the users of curriculums from the nation-wide dimension and without review on philosophical and educational psychological viewpoints on curriculum with focus on curriculums that reflects the national and social demands until the tentative plans for amendment of computer subject is made at the time of amendment. Therefore, new/old curriculums has been compared and analyzed from philosophical and psychological viewpoint of curriculums in order to definitively establish status and identity of curriculum, and to cope with changes in educational system. It can be seen from the outcome of such comparative analysis that goals of the philosophical viewpoint of amended curriculum had been defined as discipline-centered curriculum while that for the knowledge-based viewpoint on constructivism and cognitivism.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the nursing needs and satisfaction of patients who are hospitalized at hospice palliative care institutions. Methods: This study included 80 hospice patients who were in-patients of the hospice department of two general hospitals in S city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients using the IBM SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The mean score of nursing needs and satisfaction were 3.58 (${\pm}0.31$) and 3.25 (${\pm}0.20$) respectively. Significant differences in hospice nursing needs and satisfaction were observed in terms of general characteristics including gender, education level, occupation, religion, support for medical expense and functional status. Significant positive correlation was found between the overall nursing needs and nursing satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to improve the quality of hospice service, further study is necessary in a comprehensive manner to develop nursing intervention to meet physical, psychological/social, spiritual, and educational/referral nursing needs of hospice in-patients.