• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2020

본 연구는 건강신념모델에 근거한 가정과 의생활 안전 교수·학습과정안을 개발하고, 이를 활용한 수업이 건강신념에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 목적을 두고 있다. ADDIE 모형에 따라 '의복 및 섬유제품의 생산, 착용, 세탁, 보관 과정에서 노출될 수 있는 유해물질', '친환경 섬유', '천연세정제'와 같이 3가지 학습요소에 대하여 건강신념모델을 적용하여 6차시의 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하였다. 개발된 교수·학습 과정안으로 경기도 안양시 소재 남녀공학 중학교 3학년 7개 학급, 총 229명의 학생을 대상으로 2018년 8월 20일부터 9월 7일까지 1주에 2시간씩 3주에 걸쳐 총 6차시로 수업을 실행하였다. 건강신념을 측정한 사전·사후 자료는 통계 프로그램 SPSS/win(version18.0)을 이용하여 대응표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 개발된 교수·학습 과정안을 수업에 적용한 결과 인지된 위협(인지된 민감성과 심각성의 조합), 인지된 이익, 자기효능감 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었고, 인지된 장애는 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과 건강신념모델을 적용한 가정과 의생활 안전교육 수업은 중학생들이 유해물질로부터의 안전한 의생활을 실천할 수 있도록 하는 안전교육으로서 큰 의미가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이 연구 결과는 가정과 특색에 맞는 안전교육은 물론 의생활안전교육을 활성화시키는데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2012

년간 시비기준량을 설정하기 위해 포도 신품종(진옥, 홍이슬)의 각 부분의 양분흡수량을 4년간 조사하였다. 첫번째 해에는 다른 품종보다 진옥 품종의 뿌리 발달이 왕성하게 이루어지는 것으로 조사되었다. 1~2년 생장한 포도와 비교해 볼 때 3~4년 생장한 포도는 비슷한 비율의 양분을 흡수하였지만 약 30%의 양분이 과실로 배분되었다. 칼륨은 과실에 있어서 중요한 양분으로 과피와 과육에 건물중 대비 약 1%의 함량을 나타내었다. 마그네슘은 주로 엽병에 건물중 대비 약 1%로 집적되었다. 칼슘은 잎에 축적되었고(0.95%) 그 양은 잎의 질소함량(1.25%)과 비슷한 양이었다. 진옥 품종의 4년생 양분요구량은 질소 55.5g, 인산 7.7g, 칼륨 42.0g, 칼슘 34.6g, 마그네슘 11.1g으로 캠벨얼리 품종의 질소 57.4g, 인산 7.9g, 칼륨 44.4g, 칼슘37.3g, 마그네슘 12.2g 보다 적은양임을 알 수 있었다. 다른 품종에 비해서 홍이슬의 경우에는 적은양의 양분이 요구되었는데 낮은 발아율과 빈가지 증상을 조절할 수 있는 재배적 조치가 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although several recent studies have reported the anti-cancer effects of extracts or components of Citrus unshiu peel, which has been used for various purposes in traditional medicine, the molecular mechanisms for their effects remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of a water-soluble extract of C. unshiu peel (WECU) in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells at the level of apoptosis induction was investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry analyses. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, caspase activity and Western blotting were used to confirm the basis of apoptosis. RESULTS: The results indicated that WECU-induced apoptosis was related to the activation of caspase-8, and -9, representative initiator caspases of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and caspase-3 accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and down-regulation of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family members. WECU also increased the pro-apoptotic BAX to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Furthermore, WECU provoked the generation of ROS, but the reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis by WECU were prevented when ROS production was blocked by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that WECU suppressed proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in a ROS-dependent manner.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with multiple metabolic disorders. The medicinal plant Curcuma longa L. is widely distributed in Asia and has been used to treat a spectrum diseases in clinical practice. To date, there are inadequate reports of the effects of C. longa 50% EtOH extract (CE) on NAFLD. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the CE on an NAFLD animal and elucidate the mechanism of action. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) were treated with CE or milk thistle, and changes in inflammation and stetosis were assessed. Experimental animals were divided into six group (n = 10); Normal, MCD, MCD + CE 50 mg/kg/day (CE 50), MCD + CE 100 mg/kg/day (CE 100), MCD + CE 150 mg/kg/day (CE 150), and the Control, MCD + Milk thistle 150 mg/kg/day (MT 150). Body weight, liver weight, liver function, and histological changes were assessed in experimental animals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed on samples collected after 4 weeks of treatment. We observed that CE administration improved MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. Treatment with CE also decreased hepatic lipogenesis through modulation of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expresion. In addition, the use of CE increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited the up-regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 signaling and the production of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: In this report, we observed that CE regulated lipid accumulation in an MCD dietinduced NAFLD model by decreasing lipogenesis. These data suggeste that CE could effectively protect mice against MCD-induced NAFLD, by inhibiting the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signaling cascades.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2017

Background: Vitamin D is considered to exert a protective effect on various renal diseases but its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury through the prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) receptor EP4. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with paricalcitol (2 ng/mL) for 1 hour and exposed to LPS ($1{\mu}g/mL$). The effects of paricalcitol pretreatment in relation to an EP4 blockade using AH-23848 or EP4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were investigated. Results: The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, $PGE_2$, and EP4 were significantly increased in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells treated with paricalcitol compared with cells exposed to LPS only. Paricalcitol prevented cell death induced by LPS exposure, and the cotreatment of AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA offset these cell-protective effects. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappaB ($NF-{\kappa}B$) were decreased and the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in LPS-exposed cells with paricalcitol treatment. AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA inhibited the suppressive effects of paricalcitol on p65 $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and the activation of Akt. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were attenuated by paricalcitol in LPS exposed HK-2 cells. The cotreatment with an EP4 antagonist abolished these anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Conclusion: EP4 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through Akt and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling after paricalcitol pretreatment in LPS-induced renal proximal tubule cell injury.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제35호
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• pp.5-46
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• 2017

이 연구는 문학교육 현상에 대한 관심의 일환에서 고전문학 작품의 교과서 수록 맥락을 탐색하고, 이를 매개로 고전문학의 교육적 가치에 대한 인식을 규명하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이는 교과서가 고전문학교육의 실행에 지배적 영향력을 갖고 있으며, 특히 교과서 수록 제재는 특정한 사회적 조건 속에서 교육의 의도, 요구, 관점 등에 따라 선정된다는 점을 전제로 한다. 고전문학의 교육적 가치를 고전성과 문학성으로 나누고, 이를 준거로 2009, 2011 개정 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 문학 교과서를 대상으로 수록 실태와 맥락을 탐색하였다. '문학의 역할', '문학의 수용과 생산', '문학과 삶'의 영역에서 현대문학위주로 수록, 편성됨으로써 고전문학은 전반적으로 소외, 배제되고 있으며, 교육과정에 따른 교과서를 비교하여 고전성 강조와 문학성 약화의 경향성이 전반적으로 심화되고 있음을 밝혔다. 이처럼 고전문학이 과거의 산물이자 역사적 자료의 차원에서만 수록되는 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 교육과정, 교과서 차원의 외적 변화 못지않게 고전문학의 본질에 대한 인식의 전환과 같이 내적 차원의 대응이 요청된다. '문학'으로서의 보편성과, '고전'으로서의 시공간적 거리감이 오늘날 학습자의 문제 상황과 요구에 응답하는 다양한 관계 맺음으로 연결되어야 하고, 이로써 교과서 수록맥락과 양상의 다각화, 수록 가능한 작품의 폭과 범위의 확대를 기대할 수 있다. 학습량 감축, 역량 개념의 도래, 전통적인 문학 개념의 해체와 같은 외적 환경의 변화 또한 맹목과 당위의 차원을 넘어 이 같은 고전문학의 새로운 가치 탐색을 끊임없이 요청하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1705-1714
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• 2019

Objective: Reducing roughage feeding without negatively affecting rumen health is of interest in ruminant nutrition. We investigated the effects of roughage sources and concentrate types on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolite levels in growing cattle. Methods: In this 24-week trial, 24 Hanwoo cattle ($224{\pm}24.7kg$) were fed similar nitrous and energy levels of total mixed ration formulated using two kinds of roughage (timothy hay and ryegrass straw) and two types of concentrate mixes (high starch [HS] and high fiber [HF]). The treatments were arranged in a $2{\times}2$ factorial, consisting of 32% timothy-68% HS, 24% timothy-76% HF, 24% ryegrass-76% HS, and 17% ryegrass-83% HF. Daily feed intakes were measured. Every four weeks, blood were sampled, and body weight was measured before morning feeding. Every eight weeks, rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube over five consecutive days. Results: The mean dry matter intake (7.33 kg) and average daily gain (1,033 g) did not differ among treatments. However, significant interactions between roughage source and concentrate type were observed for the rumen and blood parameters (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was highest (p<0.05) in timothy-HF-fed calves. With ryegrass as the roughage source, decreasing the roughage inclusion rate increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio; the opposite was observed with timothy as the roughage source. Similarly, the effects of concentrate types on plasma total protein, alanine transaminase, Ca, inorganic P, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations differed with roughage source (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing the dietary roughage inclusion rate by replacing forage neutral detergent fiber with that from non-roughage fiber source might be a feasible feeding practice in growing cattle. A combination of low-quality roughage with a high fiber concentrate might be economically beneficial.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.618-627
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• 2015

Soil salinity is the most critical factor for crop production at reclaimed tidal saline soil. Subsurface drainage system is recognized as a powerful tool for the process of desalinization in saline soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of subsurface drainage systems on soil salinity and corn development at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil. The field experiments were carried out between 2012 and 2014 at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land, Buan, Korea. Subsurface drainage was installed with four treatments: 1) drain spacing of 5 m, 2) drain spacing 10 m, 3) double layer with drain spacing 5 m and 10 m, and 4) the control without any treatment. The levels of water table showed shorter periods above 60 cm levels with the deeper installation of subsurface drainage system. Water soluble cations were significantly greater than exchangeable forms and soluble Na contents, especially in surface layer, were greatly reduced with the installation of subsurface drainage system. Subsurface drainage system improved biomass yield of corn and withering rate. Thus, the biomass yield of corn was improved and the shoot growth was more affected by salinity than was the root growth. The efficiency of double layer was not significant compared with the drain spacing of 5 m. The economic return to growers at reclaimed tidal saline soil was the greatest by the subsurface drainage system with 5 m drain spacing. Our results demonstrated that the installation of subsurface drainage system with drain space of 5 m spacing would be a best management practice to control soil salinity and corn development at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.715-731
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder characterized by repeated emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms before menstruation, and the exact cause and mechanism are uncertain. Hyperprolactinemia interferes with the normal production of estrogen and progesterone, leading to PMS symptoms. Thus, we judged that the inhibition of prolactin hypersecretion could mitigate PMS symptoms. MATERIALS/METHODS: Hordeum vulgare L. extract (HVE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract (CZE), and Lomens-P0 the mixture of these extracts were tested in subsequent experiments. The effect of extracts on prolactin secretion at the in vitro level was measured in GH3 cells. Nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediator expression were measured in RAW 264.7 cells to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the hyperprolactinemic Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice model was used to measure extract effects on prolactin and hormone secretion and uterine inflammation. RESULTS: Anti-inflammatory effects of and prolactin secretion suppress by HVE and CZE were confirmed through in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). Treatment with Lomens-P0 inhibited prolactin secretion (P < 0.05) and restored normal sex hormone secretion in the hyperprolactinemia mice model. In addition, extracts significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-1𝛽, and -6, tumor necrosis factor-𝛼, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.01). We used high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to identify tricin and chlorogenic acid as the respective components of HVE and CZE that inhibit prolactin secretion. The Lomens-P0, which includes tricin and chlorogenic acid, is expected to be effective in improving PMS symptoms in the human body. CONCLUSIONS: The Lomens-P0 suppressed the prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia mice, normalized the sex hormone imbalance, and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers in uterine tissue. This study suggests that Lomens-P0 may have the potential to prevent or remedy materials to PMS symptoms.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.686-702
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill., has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases, and has proven its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract (SF) on inflammatory and oxidative stress in particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SF in PM2.5-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of SF, the expression of genes involved in the generation of inflammatory factors was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of SF against PM2.5 in the zebrafish model. RESULTS: The results indicated that SF treatment significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced release of NO and PGE₂, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. SF also attenuated the PM2.5-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, reducing their extracellular secretion. Moreover, SF suppressed the PM2.5-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from the cytosol into nuclei and the degradation of inhibitor IκB-α, indicating that SF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, SF abolished PM2.5-induced generation of ROS, similar to the pretreatment of a ROS scavenger, but not by an inhibitor of NF-κB activity. Furthermore, SF showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in PM2.5-treated zebrafish larvae. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against PM2.5 through ROS-dependent down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that SF can be a potential functional substance to prevent PM2.5-mediated inflammatory and oxidative damage.