• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.207-234
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• 2007

This study examines the roles of government and reasons of defeat on 9.11 terror, iraq war between 2001 and 2003. The administration functions critical role of national security. And punctual, accurate information supply capability helps policymaker's decision-making. Hence, information of punctuality and accuracy should be given to policymakers. And without two above written factors, it will result in failing. Information concoction on policymaker's pressure, biased informant, inaccurate information and lack of assembly means under the extensive organization and technologized spying means, Fail to keep information objectivity, leads to information failure. In the context of a series of facts, we shall cover the position of government and reasons of calamities. Two incidents deem as information failure by national security service, but concoction of Iraqi mass destruction weaponry is believed as bush administration's deception on account of political gains. For fully functional government role, governing body should reinforce all aspects of gathering, analyzing, and making use of information more objectively in the first place. In particular, information concoction involving policymakers post massive stumbling block to organized outcome. The thesis presents a prospective view of government position under the U.S. secret agent over 9.11 terror and Iraq war.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1309-1321
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• 2008

Military style is not limited to a single period but represents various image communications related to items, synthetic images and different periodical culture backgrounds. The purpose of this study is to define the communicational function of the military style beginning from the 1st world war up to the modern days, and furthermore explain the characteristics and contents of military styles in different periods by studying the nowadays various symbols of the military style in denotative and connotative aspects. The research method is documentary studies through the literature and academic paper, and examined masters' and doctors' thesis, domestic and overseas books and fashion magazines, photographs and materials collected from the internet. As a result, first, the military style is a significant fashion code in understanding modern fashion by serving as a strong communication function representing people’s ritual through various image items called the 'military look'. Second, the meaning of the image communication through military look changed throughout the different periods. During the 1st and 2nd World war the military look supported Fascism by serving as a media representing extreme patriotism and at the same time social images like functionalism, women liberation, regulation and saving. During the cold war period it was used by young progressives like hippies and punks to send an opposing message towards war and commercialism. Since then up to the 80s it was a medium representing the ‘new role of women’, who possess same social rights and power as the men. However in the 90s the military style had to go through a paradigm transition period. Since this period it got affected by the post modernism and designers, consumers alike adopted military style to create unique beauty It can also be said that it began to be used as a pure fashion code representing intertextuality. It was rather expressed as a metonymy than a metaphor and combined with elegance and feminine factor, which contrasts to the original military concept, it now represents totally new hybrids such as difference, dissemination and varieties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.77-86
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• 2021

A method of constructing a war simulation based on Bayesian Inference was proposed as a method of constructing heterogeneous historical war data obtained with a time difference into a single model. A method of applying a linear regression model can be considered as a method of predicting future battles by analyzing historical war results. However it is not appropriate for two heterogeneous types of historical data that reflect changes in the battlefield environment due to different times to be suitable as a single linear regression model and violation of the model's assumptions. To resolve these problems a Bayesian inference method was proposed to obtain a post-distribution by assuming the data from the previous era as a non-informative prior distribution and to infer the final posterior distribution by using it as a prior distribution to analyze the data obtained from the next era. Another advantage of the Bayesian inference method is that the results sampled by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method can be used to infer posterior distribution or posterior predictive distribution reflecting uncertainty. In this way, it has the advantage of not only being able to utilize a variety of information rather than analyzing it with a classical linear regression model, but also continuing to update the model by reflecting additional data obtained in the future.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.69-97
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• 2017

In this paper, I tried to examine the aspects of overcoming the aftermath of war through literary works. As history is continuously being reinterpreted and reevaluated, historical figures are described differently and given new meanings especially in the field of literature. It is not only important to examine these interpretations from previous generations themselves; it is also important to analyze them from a modern day perspective and look closely at their meanings. This research, by focusing on the post Manchu's invasion period, I examined the contemporary discussion. Literary works which were written in the post Manchu's invasion had different meaning comparing to the other time. Scholars at that time wanted to use historical figures as an allegory of temporary national situation. And this social phenomena was deeply related to the temporary discourses such like wipe off a disgrace by taking revenge on Qing (boksu $s{\breve{o}}lch^{prime}I$, 復讐雪恥) or loyalty to the Ming dynasty ($taemy{\breve{o}}ng$ ${\breve{u}}iri$, 對明義理). So that this research takes genre, time period, and nationality as the main variables to interpret typical historical figures and study their aspects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2009

In Korea, overseas adoption has been practiced for more than 50 years. Initially, overseas adoption began with the objective to provide permanent homes for Korean war orphans, including mixed-blood children. From 1953 to 2007, about 160,000 Korean children were placed worldwide through overseas adoption and approximately 70,000 children were adopted in Korea. During that period, Korea developed into one of leading industrial countries in the world and the family norms changed dramatically. Since 1989, the Korean government has made diverse efforts to increase domestic adoptions and to support adopted families through the revisions to Korea's Child Welfare Law. However, it is not enough to reduce overseas adoptions rapidly because the Korean government's economic support for adopted families is not adequate and Korean sentiments regarding adoption have not changed. Being an international adoptee is a unique experience, involving dissimilarities of race, ethnicity, and culture. Clearly, it is very important for us to focus on placing Korean children in the best possible environment. Therefore, Korea must make diverse efforts to reduce overseas adoptions and to encourage domestic adoption. First, Korean society has to try to reduce the number of children who need out-of-home care. Second, the Korean government and people should make an effort to increase domestic adoptions, including adoptions of disabled and older children. Finally, the Korean government and adoption agencies have to provide professional pre-adoption and post-adoption services for international adoptees and adoptive parents.

• Strategy21
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• s.30
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• pp.286-311
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• 2012

한국은 세계 유일의 분단국가로서 대륙으로는 북한과 대치 중에 있으며, 해양으로는 세계 강대국인 중국, 일본, 러시아 등에 의해서 둘러 쌓여 있다. 이러한 안보환경에서 최근 북한은 김정은 후계세습을 위해 천안함 피격사건과 연평도 포격도발 사건을 감행하였으며, 이러한 북한의 도발위협은 김정일 사후 지속되고 있다. 그러나 한국은 북한이라는 현존 위협에 대비함과 동시에 주변국으로 상정할 수 있는 잠재적 위협에도 대비해야 한다. 특히 잠재적 위협의 경우 해상에서 한국과 국가이익이 상충되고 있으며, 이들 모두 한국보다 강한 해군력을 보유하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 최근 들어 해군력을 강화하고 있다. 따라서 최근의 안보정세는 한국해군이 향후 어떠한 해양전략을 추구해야 하는지에 대한 재정립을 요구하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 한국의 잠재적 위협인 러시아와 일본 간에 발생한 러일전쟁을 통해 미래 위협에 대비한 최정예해군(Post modern navy)으로 도약하기 위한 한국해군의 발전방향을 도출하고, 이를 달성하기 위한 4가지 핵심개념을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 이는 최정예해군으로서 해양통제와 거부를 균형적으로 갖추고, 원정작전 수행능력을 보유하며, 해양경찰과 결속력이 있는 유대관계를 형성 및 북한의 비대칭전력에 대한 대응능력을 갖춘 해군이라고 설명할 수 있다. 결국 한국해군은 대륙세력인 북한의 위협에 대비하고 동시에 미래 잠재적 위협에 대비함과 동시에 해양에서의 국가이익을 보호해야 한다고 할 수 있다. 한국은 해양국가이다. 한국은 결코 바다를 포기할 수 없으며, 한국해군이 추구하는 해양전략은 국가의 운명을 결정짓는다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 이러한 측면에서 본 논문은 향후 한국해군이 어떠한 해양전략을 추구해야 하는지에 대해 하나의 방향을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

The broad aim of this paper is to provide a detailed understanding of the post-war problems associated with materials for reconstruction in Libya, and to identify key problems and obstructions. Theoretical and empirical studies are being conducted in Libya. The theoretical study focuses on materials for construction and the key issues such as sources, transport and storage of materials, as well as their impact on the national economy, the nation's socio-economic development and the environment. This empirical study employed questionnaires, observations and a series of interviews with researchers, academics, suppliers and manufacturers, supported by the researcher's three decades of experience of working in the construction industry and its associated processes and operations. The empirical study illustrated that materials for post-disaster reconstruction in Libya suffer from external problems related to policies and decision-making in terms of availability of materials, fluctuation of prices of materials, specifications, building codes, legislation and regulations, and internal problems related to the construction and building material's key players: construction companies, consultancy firms, manufacturers and suppliers.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.579-597
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• 2008

This article discusses David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly as a suggestive text for examining Western masculinity in crisis in the post-imperialist age, in which territorial imperialism is no longer valid. Previous scholarship on M. Butterfly has centered around the interlocking dynamics of imperialism, racism and sexism. Such critical attentions focus on how Hwang deconstructs racialized significations of the East and the West. In these discussions, the issue of gender is often addressed merely as a trope to represent the power relations between the East and the West. As such, gender as well as sexuality is highlighted as the very source of subversion of the power relations. My discussion departs from a critique of the gendered trope of the East and the West, highlighting a postmodern agent, the allegedly feminized character Song Lining: a Chinese actor who passes for a woman for political purposes in postcolonial China. Remaining an "inappropriate/d other" in the gendered imperialist discourse, Song becomes an emergent subject, who is capable of playing gender ambiguity for reclaiming a devalued identity, that of homosexual Asian man. Discussing how the central character Rene Gallimard's masculine identity is constructed in a cross-cultural space and how it evolves, I also argue that Gallimard's melancholic death signifies a historical unsustainability of imperialist masculinity in the postmodern/postcolonial age since World War II.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.157-182
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• 2015

Mr. Folman, an Israeli director, used a highly stylized form of animation in a decidedly adult way to make his documentary about the 1982 war in Lebanon, "Waltz With Bashir," in 2008. After 5 years, he has used another distinctive approach, fusing animation with live action in his latest film, a trippy and surreal undertaking called "The Congress." He dismantled the means through parodies, the core of post-modernism art and built a new meaning to create a unique world view and unique aesthetics. In this study, parodies of the modern concept of post-modernism being used as a major strategy in the creation of art have appeared the four characteristics of post-modern parody: 1) intertextuality, 2) dissolution and fusion of genres, and 3) strengthening of irony, and 4) pastiche. This study is characteristic of post-modern parody that discusses the relevance of contemporary parody and postmodernism being developed by analyzing how they appear on the practical work. Furthermore, through analysis of "The Congress", this study discusses the post-modernist world view and the creative way of creating an experimental art with parody.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2021

This study set out to investigate the forms, attributes, and escape methods of post-subjects projected on the investigator's works in connection with rhizomatic thinking proposed as a way of social transformation by Deleuze and Guattari and examine their social connotations. Post-subjects projected on the investigator's works are not completed wholes of some sort, but like materials whose constant premise is change and creation. In the investigator's works, post-subjects have conscious and unconscious desire. It is the desire of creation with positive attributes including Deleuze's and Guattari's pursuit of changes in a contradicting society. When desire is deployed in post-subjects, they will carry out an escape. This way of escape is rhizomatic proposed by Deleuze and Guattari. It deconstructs contradicting things and repeats connection, contact, and severance with the outside world, building a new order. Rhizomatic post-subjects appearing in the investigator's works depict the escape process and method in abstract ways through the variable installation of objets combined with a color field of repeating brushes. In this work, the goal of post-subjects is to make a safe landing in a space where beings are recognized for their values and free and creative lives. These post-subjects are nomads creating a new landscape continuously, wandering around vast plains, and also artists and literary figures resisting a contradicting society. That is, they are connected to the concept of a war machine proposed by Deleuze and Guattari as a concept of social transformation and to the concept of Nietzsche's Agon to devise and create new values and politics based on street passion. They seek after a space where they can co-exist with otherness recognized rather than the complete deconstruction of the old order.