• 생약학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2021

Artemisia frigida Willd (AW, Fringed sagewort), which is widespread in Mongolia, is a well-known medicinal plant as a member of the Compositae family. This study aims to explore the gastroprotective effect of water extract of AW on 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced acute gastritis in 5 week old male ICR mice. Total polyphenols, total flavonoid contents, and anti-oxidant activity in vitro in AW were evaluated. First, the gross area of gastric mucosal damage was measured. Then western blot analysis was conducted to determine the possible mechanisms of action underlying the effects of AW. AW administration decreased gastric mucosal damage. Moreover, the group with AW treatment effectively inhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression associated with oxidative stress. AW treatment enhanced an anti-oxidant effect through the increase of anti-oxidant proteins. Besides, the increased expressions of inflammatory cytokines induced by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation are alleviated through AW treatment. Taken together, AW exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric mucosal damage. These results indicate that AW could have the potential used as a natural therapeutic drug for the treatment of acute gastritis.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.471-473
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• 2018

본 연구에서 생물 및 비생물학적 스트레스에 내성을 유도하는 식물 생육 촉진 세균인 Variovarx sp. PMC12 균주의 유전체 염기서열을 분석하였다. PMC12 균주의 유전체는 5,873,297 bp와 1,141,940 bp 크기의 원형 염색체 2개로 구성되었다. 총 6,436개 단백질 유전자, rRNA 9개, tRNA 64개, ncRNA 3개와 유사유전자 80개가 확인되었다. 유전체상에서 발견된 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, 항산화 활성, 인산 가용화, 프롤린 생합성, 시드로포어 생합성과 관련된 유전자들은 PMC12 균주가 염, 온도, 병원균에 대한 스트레스에 대한 식물의 내성 유도와 관련되어 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Spatholobi Caulis water extract (SC) to thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in rats. Methods : The rats were injected intraperitoneally with TAA (200 mg/kg body weight) and orally administered SC (100 or 200 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Liver biomarkers were assessed by serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and ammonia levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured both serum and liver tissue. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, anti-oxidant, and inflammation-related proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. Histological examination further confirmed though hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results : The SC treatment reduced liver function markers like GOT and GPT and also remarkably decreased ammonia level. Moreover, the elevated MDA level in TAA-induced group was significantly reduced by SC treatment. NADPH oxidase expression associated with oxidative stress including NOX2, NOX4, and p47phox markedly inhibited by SC administration. SC treatment exerted anti-oxidant effect through the increase of anti-oxidant enzyme including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-�� (TNF-��), IL-6, and IL-1�� induced by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-��B) activation were modulated through blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor ��B�� (I��B)��. SC treatment also improved histological alterations. Conclusion : These findings suggested that SC administration may be a potential candidate for the prevention or treatment of ALI.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.566-579
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• 2021

Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (Rsi, former name: Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype IV) PW1001, a causal agent of potato wilt disease, induces hypersensitive response (HR) on its non-host eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Senryo-nigou). The disaccharide trehalose is involved in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in many organisms. We found that trehalose is required for eliciting HR on eggplant by plant pathogen Rsi PW1001. In R. solanacearum, it is known that the OtsA/OtsB pathway is the dominant trehalose synthesis pathway, and otsA and otsB encode trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase and T6P phosphatase, respectively. We generated otsA and otsB mutant strains and found that these mutant strains reduced the bacterial trehalose concentration and HR induction on eggplant leaves compared to wild-type. Trehalose functions intracellularly in Rsi PW1001 because addition of exogenous trehalose did not affect the HR level and ion leakage. Requirement of trehalose in HR induction is not common in R. solanacearum species complex because mutation of otsA in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (former name: Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I) RS1002 did not affect HR on the leaves of its non-host tobacco and wild eggplant Solanum torvum. Further, we also found that each otsA and otsB mutant had reduced ability to grow in a medium containing NaCl and sucrose, indicating that trehalose also has an important role in osmotic stress tolerance.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2008

식물에서 전이인자를 이용한 삽입 변이체의 유전자 기능분석 연구가 최근 가장 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동진벼의 Ac/Ds 삽입 변이체인 F2 세대 30,000 계통을 이용하여 고염과 저온에 민감한 계통과 내성이 있는 계통을 대량 스크리닝을 통해 선발하였다. 첫 번째 스크리닝에서 선발한 212 계통을 Southern blot 분석을 통해 Ds의 삽입여부 및 copy 수를 꽉인하고 표현형과 비교하여 고염과 저온에서 총 19 계통을 선발하였고, 이 중 copy 수가 하나인 계통은 13 계통이었다. 선발한 계통을 FSTs 분석을 통해 Ds의 삽입위치 및 knock-out유전자를 확인하고 염기서열 정보를 이용하여 벼 전체 염기서열 정보와 상동성 비교분석 결과 세포의 신호전달 과정과 조절 관여하는 유전자 그룹인 transpoter, protease family protein and apical meristem family protein, 삼투압조절에 관여하는 유전자 그룹인 heat shock potein, O-methyltransferase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and drought stress Induce protein 그리고 식물의 소포유통(vesicle trafficking)에 관여하는 유전자 SYP 5 family protein로 구분할 수 있었다. 선발된 19개 유전자의 발현 분석을 위해 9종류 비생물학적 스트레스 하에서 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 이들 knock-out 유전자는 비생물학적 스트레스에 각각 다른 발현 패턴을 보였다. 이 연구의 결과는 삽입 변이체를 통한 유전자의 기능분석에 있어서 비생물학적인 스트레스의 응답 반응계에 관여하는 유전자를 연구하는데 유용할 것이라고 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2022

논 토양 조건에서 팥의 생육기 중 초기 생육 단계에 해당되는 유묘기에 과습 스트레스 처리 후 생육특성 변화 및 팥잎의 단백질 발현 양상을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 아라리(밀양 8호)를 공시 품종으로 과습 스트레스 실험을 진행하였다. 3일간 과습 처리하는 동안 팥의 초장과 생체중(잎, 줄기)은 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 생체중(뿌리)와 SPAD value 값은 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 나왔다. 2. 과습 처리 3일 후 잎의 단백질 발현 양상을 확인한 결과 21개의 차별 발현된 단백질 중 과습 스트레스 처리에 의해 9개의 단백질들이 up-regulated 되었고, 12개의 단백질들이 down-regulated 되었다. 단백질을 기능별로 분류한 결과 Biological Process에서 carbohydrate metabolic process와 관련된 단백질들이 가장 많이 나왔고 Cellular Component에서는 Chloroplast에서 가장 많이 존재하였다. 3. Regulatory protein과 관련된 Maturase K 단백질은 처리구에서 대조구보다 발현양이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 4. Carbohydrate metabolic process와 관련된 Malate dehydrogenase 단백질과 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 단백질은 과습 스트레스를 받았을 경우 단백질 발현양이 증가하였다. 5. Photosynthesis와 관련된 Carbonic anhydrase (CA)는 처리구보다 대조구에서 단백질 발현량이 더 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 스트레스와 관련된 단백질 Superoxide dismutase는 처리구에서 대조구보다 단백질 발현양이 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.406-410
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• 2004

Glycation 반응은 glucose와 amino group 간에 일어나는 비효소적 축합 반응인 maillard 반응의 초기 반응으로 non enzymatic glycation 이라고도 한다. 생체내 glycation 반응을 통해 다수의 dicarbonyl화합물이 생성되고, 이들 dicarbonyl들 중에서 매우 반응성이 큰 것으로 확인된 glyoxal과 methylglyoxal과 catalase를 반응 시켜 glycation catalase의 활성 변화를 확인하였다. Non-glycated catalase에 비해 glycation catalase에서 구조적 인 modification과 degradation이 일어났으며, glycation반응 시간에 따라 활성이 크게 저하되는 것으로 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히 glycation 반응 시간 20일 경과 이후 glycation catalase 경우 활성이 거의 상실한 것으로 나타났다 Glyoxal과 methylglyoxal의 농도를 달리 해서 DNA와 반응 시켜 glycation propagator에 의한 직접적인 DNA damage를 확인 한 결과 Glyoxal과 methylglyoxal의 농도와 반응 시간에 따라 DNA mobility sit의 차이를 나타냈다. Fenton reaction 조건에 glyoxal과 methylglyoxal에 의해 활성이 저하된 catalase를 첨가 시켜 8-OH-dG의 생성을 확인한 결과 두 glycation propagator와의 반응 시간 의존적으로 8-OH-dG의 생성이 증가함을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 glyoxal과 methylglyoxal의 antioxidant의 glycation은 oxidative stress의 증사를 유발해 생체내 활성 산소로부터 방어 기작에 심각한 문제를 야기하는 것으로 사료된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Molecular mimicry is an attractive mechanism for triggering autoimmunity. In this review, we explore the potential role of evolutionary conserved bacterial proteins in the production of autoantibodies with focus on granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seven autoantigens characterized in GPA and RA were BLASTed against a bacterial protein database. Of the seven autoantigens, proteinase 3, type II collagen, binding immunoglobulin protein, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, ${\alpha}$-enolase, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein have well-conserved bacterial orthologs. Importantly, those bacterial orthologs are also found in human-associated bacteria. The wide distribution of the highly conserved stress proteins or enzymes among the members of the normal flora and common infectious microorganisms raises a new question on how cross-reactive autoantibodies are not produced during the immune response to these bacteria in most healthy people. Understanding the mechanisms that deselect auto-reactive B cell clones during the germinal center reaction to homologous foreign antigens may provide a novel strategy to treat autoimmune diseases.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2011

Ti metal has superior mechanical properties along with biocompatibility, but it still has the problem of bio-inertness thus forming weaker bond in bone/implant interface and long term clinical performance as orthopaedic and dental devices are restricted for stress shielding effect. On the other hand, despite the excellent biodegradable behavior as being an integral constituent of the natural bone, the mechanical properties of ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate $(Ca_3(PO_4)_2;\;{\beta}-TCP)$ ceramics are not reliable enough for post operative load bearing application in human hard tissue defect site. One reasonable approach would be to mediate the features of the two by making a composite. In this study, ${\beta}$-TCP/Ti ceramic-metal composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in inert atmosphere to inhibit the formation of $TiO_2$. Composites of 30 vol%, 50 vol% and 70 vol% ${\beta}$-TCP with Ti were fabricated. Detailed microstructural and phase characteristics were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. Material properties like relative density, hardness, compressive strength, elastic modulus etc. were characterized. Cell viability and biocompatibility were investigated using the MTT assay and by examining cell proliferation behavior.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2003

The kinetics of thermal inactivation of copper-containing amine oxidase from lentil seedlings were studied in a 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7, using putrescine as the substrate. The temperature range was between $47-60^{\circ}C$. The thermal inactivation curves were not linear at 52 and $57^{\circ}C$; three linear phases were shown. The first phase gave some information about the number of dimeric forms of the enzyme that were induced by the higher temperatures using the "conformational lock" pertaining theory to oligomeric enzyme. The "conformational lock" caused two additional dimeric forms of the enzyme when the temperature increased to $57^{\circ}C$. The second and third phases were interpreted according to a dissociative thermal inactivation model. These phases showed that lentil amine oxidase was reversibly-dissociated before the irreversible thermal inactivation. Although lentil amine oxidase is not a thermostable enzyme, its dimeric structure can form "conformational lock," conferring a structural tolerance to the enzyme against heat stress.