• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2003

This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship of Phellinus species and to know its distribution by comparing the DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS1 and IST2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat unit. The Phellinus species had their specific sequences in IST1 and 2 regions depending on suedes. The comparison of the ITS sequences of standard strains indicated that the sequences of ITS1 were more variable than those of ITS2. Nine strains of the commercial products of Phellinus species used in this study were identified as P. lintues, P. baumii, P. igniarius, and P. pini. Most of commercial species were P. pini and P. baumii, and P. gilvus was not found. Also, P. linteus was only found in form of mycelial culture rather than fruiting body. Moreover, the species-specific primers were designed based on ITS sequence data. Each species-specific primers were bound in P. lintues(ITSF-PL2R), P. baumii(PB1F-ITS4R), P. igniarius(IF1-IR3), P. pini(PF1-PR3), and P. gilvus(GF2-GR4), respectively. These primer sets would be useful fer the detection of specific-species among unidentified Phellinus species rapidly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2006

We have recently discovered that mycelium of Phellinus linteus, popular medical mushrooms in Korea, possess alcohol dehydrogenase and produce alcohol. In the present study, it was examined that the effect of fermented rice wine made by using mycelium of P. linteus (FLMP) on the expression of in-flammation-related proteins in both $HepG_2$ cells and rats. To examine the effect of FLMP on the morphology and expression of inflammatory proteins in $HepG_2$ cells, the cells were incubated with ethanol, and FLMP for 24 hours, and then analyzed by microscopic observation and Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). While ethanol induced the morphological change accompanied with cell debris formation and scattering on $HepG_2$ cells, FLMP had no effect. The results of Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was induced by ethanol, however, FLMP inhibited the expression of these proteins and its mRNAs. In the animal model, the value of flutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase was significantly increased by administration with ethanol. But the group administrated with FLMP showed lower levels on the changes of these markers compared with ethanol-administrated group. Besides, the results of Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-1 and COX-2 was not affected by FLMP administration in rat liver. About histopathological and immunohistochemical observations, inflammatory loci were markedly decreased in the FLMP-administrated rat compared to ethanol-administrated rats and showed weaker COX-2 and iNOS jmmunoreactions. These results suggested that FLMP showed slight changes on the inflammatory proteins expression compared to ethanol and FLMP may be used as a functional alcoholic beverage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2010

Crude polysaccharide (WG-PL-CP) was fractionated from fermented ginseng with Phellinus linteus in solid culture to enhance the immunostimulation of ginseng. WG-PL-CP produce three active polysaccharide-rich fractions (WG-PL-CP-II, III, and IV) on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ($Cl^-$ form). WG-PL-CP-III displayed higher mitogenic activity (1.98-fold of the saline control at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$) than did WG-CP-III or PL-CP-III (1.60- or 1.65-fold, respectively), and potent intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch was obtained by WG-PL-CP-IV only (1.56-fold). Meanwhile, WG-PL-CP-II and III significantly enhanced macrophage stimulating activity (2.01- and 1.94-fold) compared to WG-CP-II and III (1.73- and 1.66-fold) or PL-CP-II and III (1.79- and 1.72-fold). In addition, WG-PL-CP-III and IV mainly contained neutral sugar (73.5 and 67.3%) and uronic acid (23.2 and 24.6%). Component sugar analysis also showed that WG-PL-CP-III consisted mainly of uronic acid as well as the neutral sugars Glc, Ara, Gal, Rha and Xyl (molar ratio of 0.81:1.00:0.49:0.42:0.28:0.20), whereas WG-PL-CP-IV was mainly comprised of uronic acid, Ara, Rha, Gal, Xyl and Glc (1.00:0.75:0.69:0.63:0.42:0.34). Therefore, it is assumed that these active polysaccharides play an important role in enhancing the immunostimulation of fermented ginseng with P. linteus in solid culture.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.153-157
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacities of Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum commercial tea products. The physicochemical characteristics included pH, Hunter's color values, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and ${\beta}$-glucan contents. The antioxidant capacities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The pH, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and ${\beta}$-glucan contents were in the range of 4.43-7.05, $0.40-0.73^{\circ}Brix$, 62.04-258.84 mg/100 g, and 15.51-62.32 mg%, respectively. Hunter's color values (L, a, and b) indicated 41.76-55.02, -0.49-5.06, and 17.41-28.32, respectively. The antioxidant capacities showed $32.63-367.81{\mu}M$ GAE (DPPH radical scavenging activities), $321.86-1,035.19{\mu}M$ TE (FRAP), $703.50-1,091.83{\mu}M$ (ABTS radical scavenging activities), $286.56-916.00{\mu}M$ (TPC), and $85.33-635.33{\mu}M$ (TFC). Overall, P. linteus liquid tea 2 (PL2) and G. lucidum liquid tea 1 (GL1) showed high antioxidant capacities (p<0.05). The TPC and TFC were highly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and ABTS radical scavenging activities (r=0.7298-0.9743), but the ${\beta}$-glucan contents were not correlated well with antioxidant activities tested (r=0.3146-0.6663).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.869-878
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• 2013

Eleven functional plant materials were identified via a literature search, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were tested. Yields from hot water extracts of the materials were the highest (52.10%) in Lycii fructus, and the yields from Phellinus linteus were the lowest (5.7%). The yields of another were 14.50-42.47%. Total phenol and flavonoids contents were the highest in P. linteus. The $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$ for Salvia miltiorrhiza, whereas the values for P. linteus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Paeonia lactiflora were $100-200{\mu}g/ml$. The $EC_{50}$ value for the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was higher than $300{\mu}g/ml$. P. linteus for the reducing power was shown the highest activity. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was the highest in the Morus alba extract. In an MTT assay, the cell viability of the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells was above 80% in extracts of $50{\mu}g/ml$ and above 77% in extracts of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in all the plant materials except Acanthopanax sessiliflorum. NO production in the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells showed a 12-fold increase compared to the control. The NO production level of all the extracts was $6.86-26.18{\mu}M$. Notably, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of S. baicalensis extract showed a remarkable decrease in NO production (72%) compared with the control. The potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S.baicalensis, P. linteus, S. miltiorrhiza, M. alba, and P. lactiflora suggest that they are potential candidates as functional materials.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2014

We investigated a total of 335 samples of Korean native mushroom extracts as part of our lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor screening program. Among the mushroom-methanolic extracts we investigated, 35 exhibited an inhibitory activity greater than 30% against LOX at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. Especially, Collybia maculata, Tylopilus neofelleus, Strobilomyces confusus, Phellinus gilvus, P. linteus, P. baumii, and Inonotus mikadoi exhibited relatively potent LOX inhibitory activities of 73.3%, 51.6%, 52.4%, 66.7%, 59.5%, 100.0%, and 85.2%, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of inoscavin A from the methanolic extract of P. baumii, which showed the most potent activity and was identified by spectroscopic methods. Specifically, inoscavin A exhibited potent LOX inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $6.8{\mu}M$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.1 s.96
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of mycelium cultural extract from mushroom. Mushroom mycelium was grown in a defined synthetic liquid medium and citrus extracts, and the culture extracts were examined for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Myceliums of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Coriolus versicolor, Sparassic crispa, Agaricus blazei, lnonotus obliquus, Lentinus edodes, Hericium erinacium, Gonoderma lucidium in 10% citrus extract supplemented medium and synthesis medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (120 rpm, $24{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ ) for $7{\sim}15$ days. The antimicrobial activity of the culture fluid of mushroom mycelium grown in submerged liquid culture was tested against 12 microorganisms which were fish pathogens and common bacterial species. The culture extracts showed high activity against Vibrio sp. and had poor effect on Streptocouus sp., S. parauberis, S. iniae. The culture extracts obtained from the synthetic medium showed $30{\sim}93%$ of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenger activity, the culture extracts obtained from the citrus extracts medium exhibited antioxidant activity up to 55%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-382
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• 2013

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of Cordyceps, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst and Phellinus linteus complexes. Three mushrooms were extracted using 70% ethanol, respectively, in ratios of 80:10:10(?). The electron-donating ability was measured using the DPPH radical mushroom complexes and showed effects of 66% in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. ABTS radical cation decolorization measured 73% in 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ and had an effect similar to BHA in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. In their superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, the mushroom complexes showed an effect of 41% in 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The effect on the control of BHA was more than three times as high as BHA in 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The results showed that lipid oxidation is an excellent inhibitor of lipid oxidation $Cu^{2+}$, compared to the $Fe^{2+}$ group. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the mushroom complexes showed a low effect of 13% in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. Thus, the results of this study showed that the antioxidant effect of the mushroom complexes was excellent, indicating their potential as an antioxidant material.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.914-918
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• 2006

It was examined that the effect of fermented traditional wine made by using mycelium of Phellinus linteus on the expression of inflammation-related proteins in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were incubated with or without ertract of traditional wine (ETMP), then analyzed by microscopic observation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ was induced by LPS, Dut the treatment of ETMP inhibited the expression of these proteins and its mRNAs. Besides, the results of Western blot analyses showed that the expression of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}Bp65$ and $inhibitory-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ were also slightly affected by ETMP treatment. These results suggest that ETM P alleviate the expression of inflammation-related protein expressions and thus may be used as a functional alcoholic beverage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.159-160
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• 2001