• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.239-266
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• 2023

This study applied the contingent valuation method (CVM) to measure the benefits from an urban liner park that will be created as part of the Gyeongin Expressway downgrade project by Inchon metropolitan city government. The Incheon city government plans to create a liner park (10.5 km) in the middle of the downgraded road to provide leisure and recreation services to residents, and plans to remove retaining walls and soundproof walls to improve the urban residential environment. Considering the characteristics of a liner park that spans several districts in Incheon city and the downgraded road that will be passed by residents of nearby cities as well as Incheon residents, the target population included residents of part of Seoul and several cities surrounding Incheon. In a CVM survey of 1,000 respondents conducted in April 2018, about 70% of the respondents perceived this project positively. About 50% of 757 respondents, excluding protest bids respondents, were willing to pay additional taxes for this project. The more the respondents favored the creation of a linear park and the more they thought that this project would improve the surrounding residential environment, the more positively they evaluated the additional tax payment. The average annual willingness to pay for this project was about 15,300 won for Incheon residents and 6,800 won for residents of Seoul metropolitan area. It is interesting to observe that residents of Seoul metropolitan area, who are not directly affected by this project, were willing to pay a considerable amount for this project.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.206-223
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• 2023

The introduction of Smart technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI) systems are have a powerful impact in a variety of industry fields. Some experts predict that smart technology will completely change people's daily life and work styles, causing technological innovation, productivity improvement, and discovery and emergence of new fields. On the one hand, this vision cannot ignore negative views and concerns. Despite many social debates about employment, such as job loss and rising unemployment, there have not been many studies based on employee experience that provide a fundamental solution to the conflict between AI and employment. Therefore, this study finds out the effects and related factors of AI concierge robots for hotel employees, focusing on the hotel industry, and how employees' perceptions of AI concierge robots affect user resistance and turnover intention. This study, conducted a questionnaire survey of 322 hotel employees who had experience working with AI concierge robots in China, and used SPSS and SmartPLS statistical analysis programs to draw conclusions. We found that hotel employees' perceptions of AI concierge robots were significantly related to user resistance and turnover intention, and this association was related to employee self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, quality of AI services and new tasks. In addition, it was found that the quality of AI concierge robots directly or indirectly had the greatest influence on user resistance and turnover intention. The findings of this study provide theoretical implications for academia and practical implications for industry practitioners.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.70-96
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• 2023

Recently, the high turnover rate of nursing staff and the problems caused by increased job stress have been highlighted as social issues, and the problem of 'Taeoom' in nursing organizations has received increasing attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a solution to the Taeoom problem, including bullying in the nursing work environment, as there is an urgent need to find a solution to prevent and overcome this problem. For this purpose, based on the S-O-R framework and previous studies, job stress and turnover intention were derived as outcome variables of Taeoom and communication competence as an antecedent factor, and a research model was constructed with the expectation that mindfulness and social support would serve as moderating variables to help overcome this problem. Data were collected through a survey of 300 nurses who had experienced Taeoom within the past year, and the hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model. The results revealed that the higher the communication competence of nurses, the less they perceived the damage of Taeoom, and that the damage caused by Taeoom leads to turnover intention through high job stress. In addition, mindfulness and social support significantly attenuated the positive effects of burnout on job stress and job stress on turnover intention, respectively. The significance of this study is that it proposed an extended P-S-O-R framework by adding a prevention stage to the existing S-O-R framework, and further tested the moderating effects of mindfulness and social support variables. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide concrete guidelines to prevent and overcome the Taeoom problem that can be applied in practice.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2007

Most previous research on safer sex and condom use has been mainly focused on individual's dispositional factors such as attitudes, perceived control, intention, and etc. However, a few researchers recently started to propose that condom use is not a matter of individual behavioral decision but a product of serious interactive negotiation processes and condom negotiation would be the proximal key-determinant of condom use behaviors. The present research categorized condom-negotiation strategies and preferences of Korean college students and examined relationship between the strategies and other sex-related concepts. 186 participants' strategies on a free-response questions of condom negotiation revealed 7 types of persuasion strategies for condom use; Pregnancy risk, responsibility, care for partner, withholding sex, sexual disease, direct request, and sexual satisfaction (in order of preference). 6 types of persuasion strategies for condom avoid were abstracted: Pregnancy free, Sexual satisfaction, responsibility, direct request, unfaith toward condom, and withholding sex (in order of preference). The effects of gender, sexual experience, and culture were found and discussed in their implications for sexual education,

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-136
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• 2007

A trustworthy counseling relationship is an important variable for an effective counseling progression and counseling goal achieving. This study was designed to examine effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and counselor perception on working alliance. Objects of this study were clients in university counseling centers, counseling centers for adolescents and private counseling institutes. Clients were asked to answer an ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire, a counselor perception questionnaire and a working alliance questionnaire. Total 97 cases were collected and the data was analysed by multiple regression method. The results were as followed; ambivalence over emotional expressiveness was not significantly related to working alliance. However, counselor perception was significantly related to working alliance. That is, the more positively counselors were perceived, the better working alliance was. Effects of counselor perception's sub-factors on working alliance were also found; attractiveness was significantly related to working alliance but trustworthiness and expertness were not. An interaction of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and counselor perception on working alliance was also significant. As for those clients who were high at the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, working alliance was increased in case they had positive counselor perception. In conclusion, it is not personality factors but that counselor perception that makes the difference in working alliance

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2010

In Korea, Pbichim refers to a psychological state caused by emotional damages that can occur within close relationships. In this state, one might feel reluctant to express one's feelings directly to the other party. It is also possible that Pbichim transforms into anger. This study is aimed to define the term Pbichim as an indigenous psychological concept. In Korea, it is common to express one's feelings indirectly and read the other party's inward thoughts. Pbichim reflects those cultural aspects. In order to examine the representation of Pbichim in Korea, we developed a questionnaire consisting of 15 open-ended questions. The participants were 119 undergraduate and graduate students at Korea University, and the data was analyzed qualitatively. As a result, four different aspects of Pbichim (unsatisfied expectation, being ignored, being alienated, and power struggle) could be differentiated by the situation in which people are likely to present Pbichim. The personality traits of Pbichim, the way of relieving it, as well as positive and negative functions of Pbichim were also elicited. In addition, it was found that Pbichim (the concept that has been negatively perceived) has an important function in maintaining and improving an interpersonal relationship in Korea. Lastly, the importance of mind reading within a certain cultural context is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.23-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the Relational Self Scale(RSS). Based on the theoretical assumptions which relational self is multi-dimensional and constructed in social contexts, 10 categories with 102 items were yielded. In the process of content analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis by administering 102 items to korean adults, 31 items with 7 factors are extracted. The 7 factors are consisted of 'avoidance of relation', 'consciousness of others', 'agency', 'instrumental relation', 'empathy-care', 'perceived support from relation' and 'over-dependency to relation'. Next, Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 649 korean adults aged from 20's to 60's. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed the RSS as a valid scale. The 7 factors of the RSS fitted well with men and women. The internal consistency of the RSS was proved to be acceptable. The latent mean analysis indicated that the relational self was not significantly different between men and women at 7 factors. Correlation analysis showed that the construct of relational self was significantly related to relational self-construal, self-esteem and attachment to parent and intimacy person. This study has implication in that relational self is defined and assessed as multi-dimensional construct, and that by administering RSS it is possible to evaluate distinctive korean people's relational self.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.591-604
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• 2023

This study investigated the impact of elementary science classes using metaverse on the academic achievement, positive experience in science, and digital literacy of elementary school students. In addition, we examined their perceptions. The respondents were derived from two classes in the sixth grade at an elementary school in Gyeonggi-do, who were selected designated as the experimental (n=29 students) and comparative (n=29) groups, respectively. Across five lessons under the "Plant Structure and Function" unit, the experimental group conducted science classes using the metaverse, whereas the comparative group conducted general textbook-based classes. To investigate instructional effects, the study performed ANCOVA using the pre-test score as a covariate, a survey on the perception of students about science classes using metaverse, and conducted interviews with a number of subjects. The result demonstrated that science classes using metaverse exerted no significant effect on scientific academic achievement and digital literacy. However, the study observed a statistically significant effect on science learning emotion which is a sub-element of positive experiences in science. The students were positively aware of science classes using metaverse in terms of interesting and diverse activities, and free expression of inquiry results and perceived the instability of smart devices and network connections as regrettable. Finally, the study posed the implications of the use of metaverse in science classes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.201-210
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• 2023

The Agricultural Environmental Conservation Program is a useful system for creating sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly and comfortable rural areas. However, there are still many problems and difficulties, such as the establishment of necessary activities and plans by the residents themselves, and improvements are required. The degree of importance and difficulties according to the implementation stage of each stakeholder was quantified and compared with each other, and the specific difficulties recognized by on-site support organizations were structurally analyzed. It was analyzed that the importance and difficulties of the project implementation stage for local government officials and the project implementation planning stage for on-site support organizations were very high, indicating that they perceived the most need for improvement. On the other hand, 21 specific problems and difficulties were derived based on the results of the literature survey and stakeholder interviews. As a result of the structural analysis using the DEMATEL method, the most influential factor was the low understanding of the project by residents, the most influential factor was the lack of collecting and reflecting residents' opinions, the most central factor was the lack of collecting and reflecting residents' opinions, and the most causal factor was the lack of education and promotion of the project. The results indicate that a more stable system can be established if continuous promotion and education, periodic meetings and discussions, active reflection of residents' opinions in project implementation plans, and simplification of implementation inspection and project cost execution through the implementation inspection platform are promoted. Despite the limitations, considering that no institutional analysis of agricultural environmental conservation programs has been conducted so far, the results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for the establishment of relevant policies in the future.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.69-88
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• 2023

This study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of cargo volume (demand), ship fleet (supply), and freight rate (price) of container, dry bulk, and tanker shipping markets by using the VAR and VECM models. This analysis is expected to enhance the statistical understanding of market dynamics, which is perceived by the actual experiences of market participants. The common statistical patterns, which are all shown in the three shipping markets, are as follows: 1) The Granger-causality test reveals that the past increase of fleet variable induces the present decrease of freight rate variable. 2) The impulse-response analysis shows that cargo shock increases the freight rate but fleet shock decreases the freight rate. 3) Among the three cargo, fleet, and freight rate shocks, the freight rate shock is overwhelmingly largest. 4) The comparison of adjR² reveals that the fleet variable is most explained by the endogenous variables, i.e., cargo, fleet, and freight rate in each of shipping markets. 5) The estimation of co-integrating vectors shows that the increase of cargo increases the freight rate but the increase of fleet decreases the freight rate. 6) The estimation of adjustment speed demonstrates that the past-period positive deviation from the long-run equilibrium freight rate induces the decrease of present freight rate.