• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 2009 개정 및 2015 개정 초등 과학교과서에 제시된 5학년 '날씨와 우리생활' 단원의 탐구 중 '안개 실험'과 관련하여 예비교사들의 이해를 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 교육대학교 학생 100명으로 초등과학교재연구 강의에 참여한 학생들이다. 예비교사들은 두 교육과정에 대해 사전학습 후, 실험을 비교수행하고 논의하는 자율적인 교재연구를 하였다. 그 후 예비교사들이 개별적으로 답한 결과와 과제를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2009 개정과 2015 개정 교육과정에서의 안개 발생 차이를 응결, 수증기 등의 관련 과학적 개념으로 설명한 예비교사는 24명(24%)이었고 그중 1명(1%)만이 포화개념을 이용하여 설명하고 있었다. 둘째, 교육과정 변화에 따른 안개실험 방법의 변화에 대해 그 이유를 알아낸 예비교사들은 48명(48%)이었다. 셋째, 예비교사들은 과학적 지식의 중요성보다는 실험의 재현과 성공을 중요시하였으며, 그런 예비교사들은 대체실험이나 동영상 자료 활용을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2353-2358
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• 2017

A femtosecond laser pre-annealing process based on indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) is fabricated. We demonstrate a stable pre-annealing process to analyze surface structure change of thin films, and we maintain electrical stability and improve electrical performance. Furthermore, dynamic electrical characteristics of the IZO TFTs were investigated. Femtosecond laser pre-annealing process-based IZO TFTs exhibit a field-effect mobility of $3.75cm^2/Vs$, an $I_{on}/I_{off}$ ratio of $1.77{\times}10^5$, a threshold voltage of 1.13 V, and a subthreshold swing of 1.21 V/dec. And the IZO-based inverter shows a fast switching behavior response. From this study, IZO TFTs from using the femtosecond laser annealing technique were found to strongly affect the electrical performance and charge transport dynamics in electronic devices.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2013

Objective : We studied whether Antaeeum and Saahm Spleen-tonifying acupuncture had effects of prolonging pregnancy in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. Methods : We have administered Antaeeum and applied Saahm Spleen-tonifying acupuncture for 8 weeks and the patient stopped taking steroids she had taken before. Furthermore, we observed edema, fatigue, albuminuria and hypertension. Results : In consequence of administering Antaeeum and applying Saahm Spleen-tonifying acupuncture for 8 weeks, edema and fatigue were improved and albuminuria and hypertension were not changed significantly. However pregnancy was prolonged from 28 weeks to 36 weeks and the patient could give birth successfully. Conclusions : In conclusion, Antaeeum and Saahm Spleen-tonifying acupuncture have effects of prolonging pregnancy in patients with pre-eclampsia.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of pre-service elementary teachers' metaphors on mathematics textbooks. Their metaphors describe individual and collective patterns of thinking and action on mathematics teaching and learning. To analyze their metaphors, qualitative analysis method based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory of metaphor (1980) was adopted. Metaphors on mathematics textbooks were elicited from 161 pre-service elementary school teachers through writing prompts. The writing prompt responses revealed three types and thirteen categories: As Type I, there were (1) 'Principles', (2) 'Summary', (3) 'Manual', (4) 'Encyclopedia', (5) 'Code', (6) 'Guidelines', and (7) 'Example'. As TypeII, there were (9) 'Assistant', (10) 'Friend', (11) 'Scale', and (12) 'Ongoing'. As TypeIII, there was (13) 'Trap'. Among these categories, 'Guidelines', 'Assistant', and 'Ongoing' were the most frequently revealed. These results indicate that the relations of mathematics curriculum, textbooks, and classrooms are not a unilateral way but should communicate with each other.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2021

While the population of pet dogs and pet-related markets are increasing, there is no convenient and reliable tool for pet health monitoring for pet owners/caregivers. In this paper, we propose a mobile platform-based pre-diagnosis system that pet owners can use for pre-diagnosis and obtaining information on coping strategies based on their observations of the pet dog's abnormal behavior. The proposed system constructs symptom-disease association databases for 100 frequently observed diseases under veterinarian guidance. Then, we apply the possibilistic fuzzy C-means algorithm to form the "probable disease" set and the "doubtable disease" set from the database. In the experiment, we found that the proposed system found almost all diseases correctly, with an average of 4.5 input symptoms and outputs 1.5 probable and one doubtable disease on average. The utility of this system is to alert the owner's attention to the pet dog's abnormal behavior and obtain an appropriate coping strategy before consult a veterinarian.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2012

Crlz1 유전자는 B 세포 분화 과정 중 pre-B 세포 분화 단계에서 특이적으로 발현됨이 밝혀져 있다. Crlz1 유전자의 발현과 연관되는 3개의 DNase I hypersensitive site (HSS8, 9, 10)가 Crlz1 유전자의 전사 시작점으로부터 바로 위쪽의 chromatin 상에서 발견되었고, 그 중에서 HSS9/10은 Crlz1 promoter 지역에 해당하며 매우 높은 전사 활성을 가지는 것으로 이미 보고 되었다. 본 연구에서는 앞의 연구에서 더 나아가 HSS8이 Crlz1 promoter의 전사활성을 약 2 배 증가시키는 enhancer의 역할을 하고 있는 현상을 밝혔으며, 또한 HSS8의 위치가 Crlz1 유전자의 전사 시작점을 기준으로 하였을 때 -1055와 -1159 사이, 즉 104 bp 길이의 chromatin DNA 상에 존재하며, 이러한 HSS8의 위치는 luciferase reporter의 활성 측정으로 비교 분석되어진 deletion construct들의 전사 활성에 대한 결과와도 잘 부합되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

본 연구에서는, 탈수슬러지 및 음식물류폐기물의 효율적인 병합혐기성소화를 위해 폐기물의 혐기성소화 가능성 및 열화학적 전처리 방법에 대해 평가하였다. 폐기물의 혐기성소화 가능성 평가 결과, 음식물류폐기물이 탈수슬러지에 비해 혐기성미생물에 의해 분해 가능한 유기물 농도 및 methane yield가 각각 2.2배, 1.3배 더 높게 평가되었다. 바이오가스 발생량의 증대를 위해서는, 음식물류폐기물의 혼합비율을 증가시키는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단되었으며, 열화학적 전처리 효율은 반응온도, NaOH 주입량, 반응시간, 혼합비율 조건에 대해 평가하였다. 전처리 효율 및 탈수능을 통해 평가한 결과, 최적 열화학적 가용화 전처리 조건은 반응온도 140℃, NaOH 주입량 60 meq/L, 반응시간 60 min, 혼합비율 1:5로 평가되었다. 최적 열화학적 가용화 전처리 조건 적용 전과 후의 methane yield를 비교한 결과, 전처리를 적용한 경우에서, 가스발생속도 및 methane yield가 각각 1.6, 1.5배 증가하였다. 따라서, 탈수슬러지 및 음식물류폐기물의 효율적인 병합혐기성소화를 위해서는 음식물류폐기물의 혼합비율을 증가시키며, 폐기물의 전처리를 통해 가용화 효율을 증대시키는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data to improve pre-hospital phase emergency care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients by analyzing AMI patients' clinical characteristics and emergency care situations. Methods : Data were collected through medical records of 385 AMI patients including ambulance records of 107 AMI patients transferred to the emergency medical center for three and a half years. Results : Regarding emergency care for AMI patients in pre-hospital phase, 47% of the care revealed moderate level or higher, and appropriateness of pre-hospital phase emergency care for cardiopulmonary complaints practiced by paramedics showed statistically significant improvement in recent years (p<.001). The time from onset of symptom to ballooning intervention by 119 emergency services was shorter than that in other cases. However, emergency care by paramedic was mainly basic life support. Conclusion : Since prognosis of AMI shows vast differences depending on prompt detection and medical intervention, cooperation between pre-hospital and in-hospital phase is highly required. 119 paramedics should be trained focusing on the accurate assessment and emergency care, and medical direction should be activated. In addition, regulation on 12-lead EKG, cardiac enzyme analysis, use of analgesics and thrombolytic agents should be legally implemented.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2012

In this paper, efficient implementation of error correction code (ECC) processing circuits based on single error correction and double error detection (SEC-DED) code with check bit pre-computation is proposed for memories. During the write operation of memory, check bit pre-computation eliminates the overall bits computation required to detect a double error, thereby reducing the complexity of the ECC processing circuits. In order to implement the ECC processing circuits using the check bit pre-computation more efficiently, the proper SEC-DED codes are proposed. The H-matrix of the proposed SEC-DED code is the same as that of the odd-weight-column code during the write operation and is designed by replacing 0's with 1's at the last row of the H-matrix of the odd-weight-column code during the read operation. When compared with a conventional implementation utilizing the odd-weight- column code, the implementation based on the proposed SEC-DED code with check bit pre-computation achieves reductions in the number of gates, latency, and power consumption of the ECC processing circuits by up to 9.3%, 18.4%, and 14.1% for 64 data bits in a word.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.177-197
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the understandings of elementary pre-service teachers about 'estimation' in the elementary mathematics. Together with this analysis, we identify elementary pre-service teacher's Mathematical Pedagogical Contents Knowledge(MPCK), especially focusing to Subject Matter Knowledge(SMK). In order to this goals, we investigate contents relating to 'estimation' from $1^{st}$ curriculum to 2009 revised curriculum and compare 'rounding up', 'rounding off', 'rounding' in the elementary mathematics textbooks. As results of investigations, 'estimation' has been teaching at the 'Measurement' domain from $3^{rd}$ curriculum, but contexts of measuring weaken from $7^{th}$ curriculum. 'Rounding up(off)' is defined three types in the textbooks from $1^{st}$ to 2009 revised curriculum. And we examine elementary pre-service teachers through the questions on these 'estimation' contents. On the analysis of pre-service teacher's understanding relating MPCK, four themes is summarized as followings; the understanding of '0' in the 'rounding up', the cognitive gap between 'rounding up' and 'rounding off', the difference of percentage of correct answers according to types of question in the 'rounding up', and the difference between the definition of 'rounding up' and the definition of 'rounding'.