• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2018

This study examined the adequacy of a school classroom's occupant load density standard to cope with the issues associated with the decreasing number of students and regional variations. Therefore, this study analyzed the occupant load density standards of kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, high school, and universities using the data open to the public by the Ministry of Education. The results revealed a high variance in the occupant load density according to the school type. The median values were 1.49, 3.45, 2.64, 2.45, and $3.41m^2/person$ for kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, high school, and universities, respectively. Although the occupant load density was higher than the current standard ($1.9m^2/person$), except for kindergarten, the present standard did not need to be improved immediately, considering the purpose of calculating the maximum occupancy. On the other hand, if improvements are made in line with other enhancements of a national education policy, it will be possible to mitigate the measure to $2.5m^2/person$ based on the survey results.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.247-259
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to look for educational ways to prepare for the future society for education and people of talent who will lead the post-COVID-19 era. To this end, the factors necessary for the type of future talent in the post-COVID-19 era were identified by analyzing Big data. Based on the deducted factors composing the type of talent in the post-COVID-19 era, policy direction according to the emergence of the post-COVID-19 era were deducted through the interviews with the group of experts and delphi survey, and on the basis of this, this study sought for"a plan for the educational change in line with cultivation of people of talent in the post-COVID-19 era. The results of this study are as follows. First, through the big data analytics and analysis of the interviews, convergence, ICT utilization ability, creativity, self-regulated competency and leadership were found to be the factors necessary for the type of talent in the post-COVID-19 era. Second, it considered the innovation of digital education system and the support for vulnerable classes as the issue for cultivation of people of talent in the post-COVID-19 era. Third, the most important policy with regard to the educational direction for cultivation of people of talent in the post-COVID-19 era was cultivation of convergence talents. Convergence is a very important variable in the post-COVID-19 era since it creates new values by connecting things that are separated from each other. Hopefully, this study will build a basis for competency development, education and training in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the current operation condition of fashion start-up companies and the characteristics of their founders in Fashion Creative Studio that is one of government programs supporting fashion start-up of rising fashion designer's brands in Korea and one of supporting facilities. For this purpose, this study surveyed 32 fashion start-up companies founders in Busan Fashion Creative Studio and analyzed the data based on the survey. The results are as follows. First of all, 82% of the founders have experience to start their business in 20s and 60% of founders with not more than 3 to 5 years of work experience related to fashion challenge to start a business. Secondly, major distribution channels of the fashion start-up companies are mainly on-line open-market consisting of 36% and SNS is up to 80% as the main promotion method. In addition, exports to China account for 71% of all exports. Lastly, 33% of businesses consider viral marketing by influencer and 50% of them make plan to export their items to East Asia. It is of research significance that this study can suggest the successful direction of establishing and operating fashion start-up companies through making good use of Fashion Creative Studio, the supporting program including facility.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 2021

In recent years, due to the continuous density and urbanization of space, the expansion of awareness of rights, the need for landscape conservation, and the development of construction technology, the conventional flat land use has been deviated from the conventional flat land use, and the transmission line, urban railway, parking lot, communal district, underground shopping mall, pipeline, etc. Although 3D spatial activities are carried out in the form of 3D space, there are considerable difficulties in administration to manage the 3D use of land due to the inadequacy of related regulations. In this background, for the administration that can manage Sectional Superficies, which is a representative case of 3D spatial use of parcels, which is a registered unit of land, first, the law on the establishment and management of spatial information, and cadastral re-examination from the legal and institutional aspects Standardization of 3D space registration through amendments to the Special Act, etc. and the formation of consensus among related departments. Second, in technical and administrative aspects, the registration of Sectional Superficies based on cadastral survey results, establishment of a platform for integrated management of location and attribute data, and registration method was found to be in need of improvement. As suggested in this study, by registering and managing Sectional Superficies, it is possible to manage various 3D land use of not only ground space or surface space but also underground space. It is expected to be able to register and manage lot-based 3D land use efficiently.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop the Korean New Deal policy in the post-corona era, and furthermore, to provide basic data to discover and present a desirable future educational facility environment-related agenda that will help the successful realization of the policy. In order to achieve the above research purpose, we explored the new paradigm shift for the education new deal in the post-COVID-19 era and the future educational facility environment through Korean and overseas related policies, reports, and source books. And a Delphi survey was conducted on panels of experts in the front-line education field, academia, and industry. As a result, 5 areas were derived as key domains of the educational facility environment in the post-COVID-19 era, and a total of 33 agendas [8 in green, 9 in smart, 9 in spatial innovation, 4 in school facilities complexation, and 3 in others (safety)] were derived. The study findings confirmed that the demand for the smart area and spatial innovation area as the educational facility environment agenda in the post-COVID-19 era was relatively high compared to the green area or school facilities complexation area. Therefore, when establishing educational facility policies in the future, it is necessary to establish customized policies that reflect the demands and needs for the smart area and spatial innovation area, whereas it is necessary to focus more on establishing policies that improve awareness and interest about the green area and school facilities complexation area.

• Design Convergence Study
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the most effective emoticon type in on-line communication context through analysis decoding(by their interpretation, empathy, reaction) of receiver about emotional message included the various emoticon types. Message types were all 5 - only text message and messages included texticon, graphicon, anicon, and photocon that reflected the transitional process of emoticon. Survey questionnaire that included various emotional situations was developed and utilized to undergraduate students to analyze the differences in their gender and majors. Results are as follow. First, the graphicon, anicon and photocon messages had higher effectiveness than others in the pleasure while the text only message had the highest effectiveness of them in the displeasure. Second, female students responded that the graphicon, anicon and photocon messages were more effective while male students responded that text only message was. Third, between Arts/Physical and Science/Engineering majors had significant differences in some message types, and especially Science/Engineering majors showed higher average than other majors in all of the emoticon types. These results can provide the information to design messages by the emotional situation of sender and gender and major of receiver.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.654-664
• /
• 2017

The use of environmentally friendly finishing materials allows us to create a space where we can feel nature and to have stability and peace in the city center. In this paper, we examined the sensitivity of people to the three café spaces where wooden finishing materials are used in the space elements that change according to people's demands for environmentally friendly space due to pollution of living environment. First, we examined the wood and finishing materials and emotional vocabulary through literature review and previous research. Second, the values of L ^*, a ^*, b^* and sR, sG and sB values were extracted by using a line spectrophotometer (Ci6X). Third, we conducted a 7 - point scale questionnaire based on the extracted 13 pairs of emotional vocabulary. Using SPSS 21, frequency analysis by descriptive statistics, crossover analysis by visiting purpose and intention, and emotional lexical factor analysis were performed. Through the study, the following points were found. First, CB (The Coffee Bean), SB (Starbucks) and HS (Hollys Coffee) showed differences in CB (65%), SB (40%) and HS (37%) in the spatial analysis. Second, CB gave color similar to the color of wall and furniture wood, but HS changed the color or brightness of wood finishing color of furniture. HS or SB showed favorable use of wood color scheme. Third, SB (26.3%) and HS (19.7%) were selected by taste. Fourth, there were differences in the items of CB, 'local-exotic' and SB 'dark-bright' in the factor value. The use of wood finishing materials differed in the atmosphere evaluation depending on the spatial factors and the color of the furniture. However, in this study, there are many factors that are insufficient in the accuracy of the ratio of the applied wood finishing material to the space element and the amount of the survey. If we further study the evaluation of emotional image according to the ratio of wood finishing materials, we think that it is necessary to study now that interest in environmentally friendly is increasing.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2019

According to a recent KOFICE survey, K-Pop's popularity factor is divided into visual and auditory elements, and the importance of hearing elements is found. Among the various types of singers, idol groups led K-Pop and Black Pink, which topped the list of favorite K-Pop singers in 2018, was selected as the study target. In addition, Twice's music, which is similar to Black Pink's period of activity, has been set as a comparative research scope. The common features in the music of the two groups are the chorus and rhythm structure implemented around melody and Harmony rhythm, and the frequency of use of Major and Minor is greatly different. Through this method and modal interchange, K-Pop from 2016 to 2018 is analyzed. Research shows that first, more than one mode is used as a main melody. When more than one mode is used, different lines in the same line will vary depending on the functional form of the song. Second, the rhythm of the melody expressed with vocals and instruments is repeated based on a two-bar pattern. Finally, when using less chord and slowly expressing the igneous rhythms, there is a way to omit or modify the third notes that determine chord characteristics. Through this study, we can see that the usage patterns of the mode and modal interchange are divided according to the major and minor.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.552-563
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the students' perception of the learning support system of Korea Science Academy and to propose improvements to it. The impact of the science learning support system on 129 gifted students in Korea Science Academy (KSA) was estimated by using Likert-type items and the multiple-choice method approach for more comprehensive evaluation. The results of our investigation are as follows: First, the learning support system of KSA appears globally useful to the students. The list of educational usefulness to the students comprises, in the decreasing order of utility, classroom work, Internet, lab activities, reading rooms, library, research meetings and clubs, academic advisors (AA), SAF (Science Academy Fair), e-learning system, and finally colloquia by invited lecturers. Second, what the gifted students hope for in the realm of learning support from KSA are learning guides by subject teachers, presentation skill program, the constructions of on/off-line learning communities, etc. It seems that the results of this study would be helpful in improving the learning support system, and will provide useful information for planning the direction of future science-gifted education programs at the high-school level.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.147-187
• /
• 2008

Online game researchers focus on the flow and factors influencing flow. Flow is conceptualized as an optimal experience state and useful explaining game experience in online. Many game studies focused on the customer loyalty and flow in playing online game, In showing specific game experience, however, it doesn't examine multidimensional experience process. Flow is not construct which show absorbing process, but construct which show absorbing result. Hence, Flow is not adequate to examine multidimensional experience of games. Online game is included in hedonic consumption. Hedonic consumption is a relatively new field of study in consumer research and it explores the consumption experience as a experiential view(Hirschman and Holbrook 1982). Hedonic consumption explores the consumption experience not as an information processing event but from a phenomenological of experiential view, which is a primarily subjective state. It includes various playful leisure activities, sensory pleasures, daydreams, esthetic enjoyment, and emotional responses. In online game experience, therefore, it is right to access through a experiential view of hedonic consumption. The objective of this paper was to make up for lacks in our understanding of online game experience by developing a framework for better insight into the hedonic experience of online game. We developed this framework by integrating and extending existing research in marketing, online game and hedonic responses. We then discussed several expectations for this framework. We concluded by discussing the results of this study, providing general recommendation and directions for future research. In hedonic response research, Lacher's research(1994)and Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung' research (2005;2006) has served as a fundamental starting point of our research. A common element in this extended research is the repeated identification of the four hedonic responses: sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytic response. The validity of these four constructs finds in research of music(Lacher 1994) and movie(Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung' research 2005;2006). But, previous research on hedonic response didn't show that constructs of hedonic response have cause-effect relation. Also, although hedonic response enable to different by stimulus properties. effects of stimulus properties is not showed. To fill this gap, while largely based on Lacher(1994)' research and Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006)' research, we made several important adaptation with the primary goal of bringing the model into online game and compensating lacks of previous research. We maintained the same construct proposed by Lacher et al.(1994), with four constructs of hedonic response:sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response. In this study, the sensory response is typified by some physical movement(Yingling 1962), the imaginal response is typified by images, memories, or situations that game evokes(Myers 1914), and the emotional response represents the feelings one experiences when playing game, such as pleasure, arousal, dominance, finally, the analytical response is that game player engaged in cognition seeking while playing game(Myers 1912). However, this paper has several important differences. We attempted to suggest multi-dimensional experience process in online game and cause-effect relation among hedonic responses. Also, We investigated moderate effects of perceived complexity. Previous studies about hedonic responses didn't show influences of stimulus properties. According to Berlyne's theory(1960, 1974) of aesthetic response, perceived complexity is a important construct because it effects pleasure. Pleasure in response to an object will increase with increased complexity, to an optimal level. After that, with increased complexity, pleasure begins with a linearly increasing line for complexity. Therefore, We expected this perceived complexity will influence hedonic response in game experience. We discussed the rationale for these suggested changes, the assumptions of the resulting framework, and developed some expectations based on its application in Online game context. In the first stage of methodology, questions were developed to measure the constructs. We constructed a survey measuring our theoretical constructs based on a combination of sources, including Yingling(1962), Hargreaves(1962), Lacher (1994), Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006), Mehrabian and Russell(1974), Pucely et al(1987). Based on comments received in the pretest, we made several revisions to arrive at our final survey. We investigated the proposed framework through a convenience sample, where participation in a self-report survey was solicited from various respondents having different knowledges. All respondents participated to different degrees, in these habitually practiced activities and received no compensation for their participation. Questionnaires were distributed to graduates and we used 381 completed questionnaires to analysis. The sample consisted of more men(n=225) than women(n=156). In measure, the study used multi-item scales based previous study. We analyze the data using structural equation modeling(LISREL-VIII; Joreskog and Sorbom 1993). First, we used the entire sample(n=381) to refine the measures and test their convergent and discriminant validity. The evidence from both the factor analysis and the analysis of reliability provides support that the scales exhibit internal consistency and construct validity. Second, we test the hypothesized structural model. And, we divided the sample into two different complexity group and analyze the hypothesized structural model of each group. The analysis suggest that hedonic response plays different roles from hypothesized in our study. The results indicate that hedonic response-sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response- are related positively to respondents' level of game satisfaction. And game satisfaction is related to higher levels of game loyalty. Additionally, we found that perceived complexity is important to online game experience. Our results suggest that importance of each hedonic response different by perceived game complexity. Understanding the role of perceived complexity in hedonic response enables to have a better understanding of underlying mechanisms at game experience. If game has high complexity, analytical response become important response. So game producers or marketers have to consider more cognitive stimulus. Controversy, if game has low complexity, sensorial response respectively become important. Finally, we discussed several limitations of our study and suggested directions for future research. we concluded with a discussion of managerial implications. Our study provides managers with a basis for game strategies.