• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to understand the consumer non-ethical behavior and the interaction with salespersons and their relationships. For this purpose, adults in Chunlabuk-do were surveyed and 675 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS statistical program. The results of the analysis were as follows: 1. Three dimensions of the consumer non-ethical behaviors were the unconscience, the illegality, and the deception. Two dimensions of the interaction with salespersons were the passive and the assertive interactions. 2. There were two clusters respectively; ethical and non-ethical groups for the consumer non-ethical behavior/ passive and assertive groups for the interaction with salespersons. 3. Generally, the more educated and the older persons were, the less they tended to be ethical and the more passively they tended to interact with the salespersons. 4. There were significant differences between the clusters of consumer non-ethical behavior and those of interaction. The non-assertive interaction group were found more in the non-ethical group and the assertive interaction group more in the ethical groups.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was in a pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 to explore the online distance experiments and interaction of engineering freshmen, and to identify practical difficulties, resulting in to derive implications. Seven freshmen from engineering college participated in the interview, of which data were analyzed based on phenomenological analysis methods. The types of non-face-to-face experiments experienced by students were complete non-face-to-face experiment, mixed face-to-face experiment, and fusion face-to-face experiment. Students were completely isolated in time and space in complete non-face-to-face experiment. In biweekly mixed face-to-face experiment, isolation was halved. In fusion face-to-face experiment, isolation was removed. Non-face-to-face interactions can be characterized by restrictions on simultaneous activities, on rapport formation, and on observation opportunities. Based on these results, three implications were derived: First, it is necessary to allow students to manage time and space constraints on their own in non-face-to-face experiments. Second, support is needed to solve the difficulty of forming rapport, which is a characteristic of non-face-to-face interaction. Third, an opportunity to observe the interaction between other students and professors should be provided.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.304-315
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• 2022

The effect on learning satisfaction was compared and analyzed according to the interaction of learners in non-face-to-face classes. 38 students enrolled in the Department of Chemistry Education at G University in Gyeongnam were selected for the study. As a result of analyzing the change in learning satisfaction according to learners' interactions, positive correlations between them were shown in non-face-to-face classes. The type of classes mainly consisted of non-face-to-face real-time classes, and despite the non-face-to-face classes environment, learners focused on classes and put a lot of effort to strengthen learning. Among learners' interactions, the effect of learner-content interaction on learning satisfaction was relatively the highest, while the effect of learner-learner interaction and learner-instructor interaction on learning satisfaction was low. It was found that learners' teaching-learning in non-face-to-face classes relied heavily on learning content, and interactions with fellow learners and instructors were very limited.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2023

사용자의 행위를 상호적인 탐색과정으로 활용하는 인터랙션 방식과 기술들이 다양하게 진화하고 있다. 특히 최근에는 각종 센서 기술의 발전으로 접촉에서 비접촉 방식으로 서비스 방식이 변화하고 있지만 인터랙션 방식에 대한 개발자들의 무분별한 정의로 인해 오히려 탐색과정이 복잡해지는 양상을 띄게 되었다. 이러한 방식은 오히려 사용자가 전시콘텐츠를 학습하기에 앞서 개발자가 정의한 인터랙션 가이드를 먼저 학습해야하는 번거로움을 야기하고 있다. 따라서 전시 체험자를 위한 원활한 문화콘텐츠 정보 소통을 위해서는 다양한 연령대의 사용자를 위한 손쉬운 인터랙션에 대한 사전 연구가 필요하며, 비접촉 전시콘텐츠 개발 시 사용자 상호작용의 사용편의성 제고를 위한 연구 역시 반드시 필요한 상황이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 전시콘텐츠 분야에서 활용도가 높고 보편적 상호작용이 가능한 비접촉 인터랙션을 연구하고 행위(제스처) 디자인을 제안함으로써 개발자와 사용자의 혼란을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다. 먼저 문화자원 서사구조를 기반으로 기존 연구들을 고찰하고 문화콘텐츠로써 인터랙션 지점을 도출하였으며 사용자가 인터랙션 방식을 자연스럽게 추측하고 학습할 수 있는 손짓 기반 비접촉 행위 중 가장 효율성이 높은 탐색과정을 선별하였다. 나아가 비선형 내러티브 기반 인터랙션의 의미와 공간적 행위 요소 분석결과를 바탕으로 학습적 효과와 효율성이 높은 어포던스 행위를 도출하였다. 본 연구과정을 통해 사용자가 전시형 문화콘텐츠 탐색활동 과정에서 자연스럽게 비접촉 인터랙션을 이해하고, 전시콘텐츠에 몰입하는 과정에서 비접촉 인터랙션을 활용하는데 도움이 되는 행위를 최종적인 모델로 제안하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate interaction patterns and characteristics of small group discussions during elementary school science classes. Four heterogeneous groups were formed according to preferences and non-preferences, consisting of male and female students. Verbal interactions during small group discussions were audio and videotaped, transcribed and analyzed. The interaction frequency of each group was compared in terms of their cognitive and affective aspects. The results in terms of the cognitive aspect showed that there were no significant differences in the frequency of interaction between preference and non-preference groups' verbal behaviors. However, the quality of interaction was superior and the number of high level types of interaction were more frequent in the preference group. From the affective perspective, both groups of students exhibited a positive attitude in the preference group and a negative attitude in the non-preference group. The differences of interaction between the male and female student's groups were that in the case of the female group, the frequency and the quality of interaction was higher. Moreover, in contrast to male students, female students revealed satisfaction and favorable attitudes in their non-preference group because they felt more a acceptable atmosphere and attitude in that group. These results suggest that the interactions of the preference group are more interactive and elaborate in nature than those of the non-preference group.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2024

The interaction between multiple structures through the supporting soil media, known as structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI), has become an increasingly important issue due to rapid urbanization. There is a need to investigate the effect of SSSI on the structural response of buildings compared to non-interaction analysis (NIA) and soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis. In the present study, two identical 4-bay×4-bay, three-story RCC buildings are modeled adjacent to each other with a soil domain beneath it to investigate the effect of SSSI on the forces experienced by footings under gravity and seismic load cases. The ANSYS software is used for modeling various non-interaction and interaction models which work on the principle of FEM. The results indicate that in most of the footings, the SSSI effect causes a significant redistribution of forces compared to SSI and NIA under both gravity and seismic load cases. The maximum interaction effect is observed on the footings that are closer to the adjacent building. The axial force, shear force and bending moment values on these footings show that SSI causes a significant increase in these values compared to non-interaction analysis but the presence of adjacent building relieves these forces significantly.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

본 연구는 비대칭 가상현실 환경에 존재하는 HMD 사용자와 Non-HMD 사용자 모두에게 향상된 현존감을 제공하기 위하여 사용자의 체험 환경에 최적화된 몰입형 상호작용을 제안한다. 제안하는 몰입형 상호작용의 핵심은 HMD 사용자와 Non-HMD 사용자 사이의 비대칭 환경의 차이를 구분하여 사용자에게 최적화된 상호작용을 제시하는 것이다. 그리고 사용자 각각에게 주어지는 비대칭 가상현실 환경에서 향상된 몰입을 제공하여 현존감을 높이기 위하여 HMD 사용자에게는 공간의 몰입을 향상시키는 걷기 상호작용을, Non-HMD 사용자에게는 직접적인 조작을 통해 상황을 전체적으로 이해하고 관리함으로써 몰입을 향상시키는 손 기반 인터페이스를 설계한다. 마지막으로 몰입형 상호작용을 통해 모든 사용자가 향상된 현존감을 제공받으면서 동시에 각각의 체험에 환경에 특화된 경험을 하였음을 설문실험을 통해 검증한다. 이러한 과정들을 통하여 제안한 상호작용이 비대칭 가상현실에서 Non-HMD 사용자도 보조자가 아닌 참가자로써 HMD 사용자와 함께 몰입할 수 있음을 확인한다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2016

The present study examined differences in children's behavior problems and peer interaction, and parental factors including self-esteem, depression and childrearing stress between atopic dermatitis(AD) and normal(non-AD) children in each gender, and analyzed the effects of the parental factors on the two variables of AD children. 165 AD and 1176 non-AD children of age 5 were selected from the 6th year data of the Panel Study on Korean Children. The results from t-test and multiple regression are as follows. First, only AD boys showed a higher level of behavior problems than non-AD boys, but peer interaction showed no difference between AD and non-AD groups. Compared with non-AD children's parents, mothers of AD children showed a higher stress level and mothers of AD boys had a higher depression level. But there were no differences in maternal self-esteem and paternal factors between the groups. Second, AD boys' behavior problems were related to maternal factors and paternal stress, and some characteristics of AD girls' behavior problems were related with some parental variables. But peer interaction of AD children had no relation with parental factors. Third, behavior problems were influenced by maternal stress in AD boys and influenced by maternal depression and parental self-esteem in AD girls.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.220-220
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• 2000

In this paper, some non-interaction problems in tandem cold rolling mill are considered, which are required to control effectively a thickness of the cold .oiled strip. First, Interstand non-interactive compensate. (Interstand NIC) is designed for decoupling the interaction between stands. Next, a L2 optimization based pre-compensator is designed for decoupling the interaction between roll gap and strip tension in the stand. Finally, the effectness of the proposed decoupling methods is demonstrated via simulations.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2004

The present study conducted in the Children's Museum investigated patterns of participation by type of exhibit and interaction with 150 5-to 12-year-old children and 50 mothers. A timing and tracking observation checklist was used to document time spent at each type of exhibit and the interaction of children and mothers. All children chose and spent more time interacting with participatory than non-participatory exhibits and they chose more participatory exhibits than mothers. Mothers chose more non-participatory than participatory exhibits and spent more time with non-participatory exhibits than the preschool group. The preschool age group interacted with mothethan other interactions.