• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.121-137
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• 2024

This research studies NPCs applied by Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) Technology. This study set three independent variables as characteristics of the NPCs applied GPT. User immersion is set as a mediator variable, while user game satisfaction and loyalty are chosen as dependent variables. The Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory is employed to study user attitude changes, and immersion is examined through the Flow Theory. The study found that interactions between NPCs and users directly and indirectly influence user satisfaction and loyalty. This suggests that NPCs capable of providing users with desired information, rather than merely following predetermined protocols, can enhance the user's affinity for the game. Furthermore, the intelligence and human-likeness of NPCs were found to indirectly influence satisfaction and loyalty through immersion. These findings underscore the importance of GPT-applied NPCs in the gaming industry, with potential implications for the future development and enhancement of such NPCs within games.

• Carbon letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.295-298
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• 2014

In this work, nanoporous carbons (NPCs) were prepared by the self-assembly of polymeric carbon precursors and block copolymer template in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate and colloidal silica. The NPCs' pore structures and total pore volumes were analyzed by reference to $N_2$/77 K adsorption isotherms. The porosity and elemental mercury adsorption of NPCs were increased by activation with carbon dioxide. It could be resulted that elemental mercury adsorption ability of NPCs depended on their specific surface area and micropore fraction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2010

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) differentiate into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes, which is controlled by various factors in brain. Recent evidences suggest that small molecules modulating the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs may have therapeutic value as well as the potential use as chemical probes. Phylligenin is a lignan with anti-inflammatory activity that is isolated from the fruits of Forsythia koreana. We investigated effects of phylligenin on proliferation and differentiation of NPCs. Treatment of phylligenin decreased the number of proliferating NPCs in culture without effects on the differentiation and survival of neural cells such as neurons and astrocytes. To examine the mechanism of the decreased NPCs number, we performed cell cycle analysis. Proliferation of NPCs was decreased via G1-S transition block by phylligenin treatment, and it was mediated by the increase of p21 level. However, phylligenin did not induce apoptosis of NPCs as determined by TUNEL assay and PARP cleavage. We also found that viability of glioma cell lines such as C6 and U87MG glioma cells, but not that of primary neuron and astrocyte, was inhibited by phylligenin. These results suggest that phylligenin selectively inhibits proliferation of rapidly growing cells such as neural stem cells and glioma cells. Given that the possible role of brain tumor stem cells in the pathology of brain cancers, the inhibitory effects of phylligenin might be useful in the development of new therapeutic agents against brain cancers.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2002

This paper introduces FSM, statistical FSM and NFA that are used for assigning behaviors of NPCs in computer games. We propose a new method for remedy of the weakness of previous studies. We use the method of inferencing stochastic grammars to generate NPCs behaviors. Using this method we can generate a lot of MPCs or Computer Players behaviors automatically and the games will be more enjoyable.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: mRNA-based protein expression technology has been used to express functional proteins. We have previously generated dopamine neurons from rat-embryo derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) through repeated transfection of synthetic transcription factor mRNA encoding dopamine-inducible genes. However, NPCs began to die approximately 10 d post-transfection. In this study, we examined a long-term transfection protocol that did not affect cell viability. Methods and Results: Experiments were performed in eight groups sorted according to the start date of mRNA transfection. mRNA was transfected into NPCs daily for 21 d and live cell images of each group were recorded. NPCs which were differentiated for more than five days showed sustained gene expression and appreciable viability despite daily mRNA transfection for 21 d. Conclusions: Repeated mRNA transfection requires cells with a sufficient differentiation period.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2011

Lipotoxicity involves pathological alterations to cells and tissues in response to elevated fat levels in blood. Furthermore, this process can disturb both cellular homeostasis and viability. In the current study, the authors show that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are vulnerable to high levels of palmitic acid (PA) a saturated fatty acid. PA was found to cause cell death associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and to reduce NPCs proliferation. To evaluate the lipotoxicity of PA in adult NPCs in the hippocampus, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups and maintained on either a normal diet (ND) or PA-rich high fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks. Interestingly, short-term PA-rich HFD feeding reduced the survival of newly generated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. These findings suggest PA has a potent lipotoxicity in NPCs and that a PA-rich HFD disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2008

In virtual games, Non-Playing Character(NPC)s as game elements tend to frequently communicate with game players. Although the artificial-intelligence (AI) algorithm widely used for games has been greatly developed, basic roles of NPCs have remained on the same. In a life game whose goal is to observe the actions and behaviors of the human-like NPCs, for example, their straightahead actions cause boredom. Actually, NPCs fail to display their various expressions that are characterized by humans. To make NPCs act like humans, several characters with a greater variety of characteristics need to be created. this paper proposes how NPCs both express the wide range of emotions using probability distribution and react based on their different characteristics. To verify the change of NPC actions, personalities were assigned according to the probability distribution and this algorithm was applied to a 3D game to validate the method suggested in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Objective : The aims of our study are to evaluate the effect of curcumin on spinal cord neural progenitor cell (SC-NPC) proliferation and to clarify the mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways in SC-NPCs. Methods : We established cultures of SC-NPCs, extracted from the spinal cord of Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g to 350 g. We measured proliferation rates of SC-NPCs after curcumin treatment at different dosage. The immuno-blotting method was used to evaluate the MAP kinase signaling protein that contains extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), p38, c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinases (JNKs) and ${\beta}$-actin as the control group. Results : Curcumin has a biphasic effect on SC-NPC proliferation. Lower dosage (0.1, 0.5, $1{\mu}M$) of curcumin increased SC-NPC proliferation. However, higher dosage decreased SC-NPC proliferation. Also, curcumin stimulates proliferation of SC-NPCs via the MAP kinase signaling pathway, especially involving the p-ERK and p-38 protein. The p-ERK protein and p38 protein levels varied depending on curcumin dosage (0.5 and $1{\mu}M$, p<0.05). Conclusion : Curcumin can stimulate proliferation of SC-NPCs via ERKs and the p38 signaling pathway in low concentrations.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07b
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• pp.804-806
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• 1998

Most of Instrumentation and control system in Nuclear Power Plant using analog equipment has a limitations in system designing and operation. So the network based PLC application to Nuclear Power Plant has been studied so far. This paper defines the configuration and method with Prototype which are to be applied to NPCS(NSSS Process Control System) of KNGR (Korea Next Generation Reactor). It is expected that Test result of NPCS Pototype will satisfy the essential requirements in designing KNGR.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

This paper tried to verify whether we can make NPCs generate emergent quests consistently by experiments in the persistent world of Role Playing Games where the persistent world can generate stories through interaction among game components. In this paper, we test NPC based procedural quest generation techniques assuming quest types suggested in the past research in the persistent virtual RPG world. Our system uses desire model of NPCs and dynamic resource management system to make decision of quest generation. Our decision process considers desire satisfaction, money deposit, and friendship of NPCs. These parameters are dynamically changed by quest completion status, and affect next quest generation process. This paper shows that NPCs in the persistent virtual world can generate quests based on procedural quest techniques consistently.