• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2019

Plating wastewater containing various heavy metals can be produced by several industries. Specifically, we focused on the removal of copper (Cu2+) and nickel (Ni+) ions from the plating wastewater because all these ions are strictly regulated when discharged into watershed in Korea. The application of both nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing copper and nickel ions to reduce fresh water consumption and environmental degradation was investigated. In this work, the removal of copper (Cu2+) and nickel (Ni+) ions from synthetic water was studied on pilot scale remove by before using two commercial nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis(RO) spiral-wound membrane modules (NE2521-90 and RE2521-FEN by Toray Chemical). The influence of main operating parameters such as feed concentration on the heavy metals rejection and permeate flux of both membranes, was investigated. Synthetic plating wastewater samples containing copper ($Cu^{2+}$) and nickel ($Ni^{2+}$) ions at various concentrations(1, 20, 100, 400 mg/L) were prepared and subjected to treatment by NF and RO in the pilot plant. The results showed that NF, RO process, with 98% and 99% removal for copper and nickel, respectively, could achieve high removal efficiency of the heavy metals.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2022

Background: Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential mechanism in macrophages. Methods: The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatory genes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses of inflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results: HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-κB and AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 양액재배 시 발생되는 폐양액의 적절한 농업적 이용방안을 강구하기 위해 폐양액의 비료 효과시험, 토양컬럼 시험, 그리고 작물 재배시험을 수행하였다. 폐양액의 비료 효과시험은 무기질소를 기준으로 질소비료와 폐양액의 토양 처리에 따른 열무의 생육특성과 토양의 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 폐양액 비료 효과시험과 작물 재배시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리; A, 질소비료 100%; B, 질소비료 70%+폐양액 30%; C, 질소비료 50%+폐양액 50%; D, 질소비료 30%+폐양액 70%; E 총 5개 처리구로 하였다. 토양컬럼 시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리, 질소비료 100%, 폐양액 50%+질소비료 50% 3개 처리구로 하였다. 폐양액의 화학성은 pH 6.0, EC 2.4dS·m^-1, 총인(T-P) 28mg·L^-1, 암모늄태 질소(NH₄-N) 5.0mg·L^-1, 질산태 질소(NO₃-N) 301mg·L^-1로 나타났다. 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.51, EC 0.31dS·m^-1, 유기물 2.08g·kg^-1, 질산태 질소 9.64mg·kg^-1, 암모늄태 질소 3.20mg·kg^-1으로 나타났다. 질소비료 50% 이하와 폐양액 50% 이상의 비율이 열무 생육에 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 질소비료와 함께 혼합하여 적용한 C-E 처리구에서 토양의 이화학성은 질소비료만을 적용한 B 처리구와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 토양컬럼 시험 결과 질소비료 100%와 폐양액 50%+질산비료 50% 처리구의 NO₃와 NH₄의 농도는 큰차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 화학비료의 표준시비량을 기준으로 이용하여 토양에 처리하면 토양 내 질소 성분의 이동과 주변의 영향은 일반 화학비료와 유사하게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 열무 토경재배에 폐양액과 질소비료를 혼합하여 사용하면 폐양액의 재이용으로 환경적 부담도 줄일 수 있고, 질소비료의 사용량도 줄일 수 있어 농가에 경제적 부담 감소와 열무 생산량 증대 효과도 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2002

카레분 및 카레 원료로 사용되는 주요 향신료들의 돌연변이 억제 효과를 보기 위하여 카레분 및 원료 향신료 14종의 추출물에 대한 돌연변이원성 및 항 돌연변이원성 실험을 하였다. 카레분 및 향신료 14종의 추출물에 대해 돌연변이원성 유무를 확인한 결과 돌연변이 원이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 항 돌연변이원성 실험에서 직접 변이원 2-NF 처리 시Saimonella typhimurium TA 98에 대하여 향신료 추출물 중cinnamon(42%) 및 fenugreek(38%), fennel(32%), ginger(28%), clove(24%)는 p<0.00I 유의수준에서, 그리고 turmeric (23%) 및 celery seed(20%), coriander(16%)는 p<0.01 수준에서 항 돌연변이율을 나타냈다. 그리고 garlic(17%)이 항 돌연변이 활성을 나타냈으며 그 밖의 향신료 및 카레분 추출물은 항 돌연변이 효과가 없었다. 간접변이원 2-AT처리 시 돌연변이 수는 115.0$\pm$46.4에서 clove추출물 첨가에 의해 13.2$\pm$8.1로 감소하여 향신료 추출물 중 clove가 116%로 가장 높은 항 돌연변이율을 보였으며, celery seed(103%) 및 cardamon(100%) 역시 강한 항 돌연변이율을 나타냈다(p<0.01). 그밖에 red pepper, cinnamon, cumin, ginger, fennel, coriander, nutmeg, turmeric에서도 항 돌연변이 활성이 존재하였다(p<0.05). 간접변이원 2-AF에서는 clove추출물이 120%의 가장 높은 항 돌연변이율을 보였으며, cinnamon(113%) 역시 강한 항 돌연변이 활성을 나타냈다(p<0.001). 그리고 cardamon(93%) 및 celery seed (80%), ginger(58%), fennel(44%) 역시 항 돌연변이 활성을 보였다(p<0.05). 그밖에 coriander, black pepper는 항 돌연변이 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 카레분 추출물의 경우, 간접변이원인 2-AT와 2-AF에서 6~23%의 항 돌연변이 율을 나타냈으나 유의성이 없었으며 직접변이원인 2-NF 에서는 항 돌연변이성을 나타내지 않았다. 즉, 동일한 추출물이라도 변이원에 따라 항 돌연변이율이 다르게 확인되었으며, 카레분 및 원료 향신료의 추출물에서 항 돌연변이율은 직접변이원보다는 간접변이원에서 높게 나타났다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2009

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in sensing microbial components and inducing innate immune and inflammatory responses by recognizing invading microbial pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide-induced dimerization of TLR4 is required for the activation of downstream signaling pathways including nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$). Therefore, TLR4 dimerization may be an early regulatory event in activating ligand-induced signaling pathways and induction of subsequent immune responses. Here, we report biochemical evidence that 6-shogaol, the most bioactive component of ginger, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced dimerization of TLR4 resulting in the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 6-shogaol can directly inhibit TLR-mediated signaling pathways at the receptor level. These results suggest that 6-shogaol can modulate TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, which may influence the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.24-32
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• 2018

Nanocellulose was surface-functionalized toward the applications in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as a green alternative. The focus of this paper is on the effect of this material based nanofluid (NF) on foam lamella stabilization through studying its bubble breakup dynamics and flow behaviors in constricted mircofluidic devices. The NF stabilized foam produced an improved flow resistance across the capillary largely due to the capillary trapped bubbles at the contraction. The "snap-off" caused the NF stabilized foam to produce finer textured bubbles, which can migrate readily forward to the deep porous media, as revealed by the pressure profiles.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.404-407
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• 2021

We present a case study of necrotizing fasciitis (NF), a very rare but dangerous complication of chest tube management. A 69-year-old man with shortness of breath underwent thoracostomy for chest tube placement and drainage with antibiotic treatment, followed by a computed tomography scan. He was diagnosed with thoracic empyema. Initially, a non-cardiovascular and thoracic surgeon managed the drainage, but the management was inappropriate. The patient developed NF at the tube site on the chest wall, requiring emergency fasciotomy and extensive surgical debridement. He was discharged without any complications after successful control of NF. A thoracic surgeon can perform both tube thoracostomy and tube management directly to avoid complications, as delayed drainage might result in severe complications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2019

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is rare, accounting for 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. MPNST is characteristically aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Fifty percent of patients with MPNST have neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF-associated MPNST occurs more often at younger ages than sporadic MPNST, but the survival difference is controversial. Superficial MPNST from a recurrent neurofibroma is extremely rare and only a limited number of cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report an unusual case of superficial MPNST from a recurrent neurofibroma in a patient without NF1.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.4449-4459
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• 2022

In this study, an NF₃ plasma etching reaction with a cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) films grown on the surface of inorganic compounds using granite was investigated. Experimental results showed that the etching rate can be up to 1.604 mm/min at 380 ℃ under 150 W of RF power. EDS and XPS analysis showed that main reaction product is CoF₂, which is generated by fluorination in NF₃ plasma. The etching rate of cobalt oxide films grown on inorganic compounds in this study was affected by surface roughness and etch selectivity. This study demonstrates that the plasma surface decontamination can effectively and efficiently remove contaminated nuclides such as cobalt attached to aggregate in concrete generated when decommissioning of nuclear power plants.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.25-28
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• 2004

In recent years, membranes have become fully or partially integrated into all facilities that produce drinking water since membrane processes can resolve technically complex and, at times, conflicting requirements related to compliance with multi-contaminant regulations. However, NF or RO technologies are hydraulically limited by the feed water quality that causes the fouling in a membrane system. In particular, NF or RO systems involved in surface water treatment generally require extensive pretreatment for controlling membrane fouling.(omitted)